Emerging applications of biochar-based materials for energy storage and conversion

Global warming, environmental pollution, and an energy shortage in the current fossil fuel society may cause a severe ecological crisis. Storage and conversion of renewable, dispersive and non-perennial energy from the sun, wind, geothermal sources, water, or biomass could be a promising option to r...

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Published in	Energy & environmental science Vol. 12; no. 6; pp. 1751 - 1779
Main Authors	Liu, Wu-Jun, Jiang, Hong, Yu, Han-Qing
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Cambridge Royal Society of Chemistry 01.01.2019
Subjects	Batteries Biomass Carbon Charcoal Climate change Conversion Ecological effects Electrocatalysts Energy Energy shortages Energy storage Environmental impact Fossil fuels Fuel cells Fuel technology Functional groups Global warming Hydrogen storage Lithium Organic chemistry Petrochemicals Petrochemicals industry Porosity Production methods Renewable resources Sodium Surface chemistry Sustainable materials Sustainable yield Water pollution
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Abstract	Global warming, environmental pollution, and an energy shortage in the current fossil fuel society may cause a severe ecological crisis. Storage and conversion of renewable, dispersive and non-perennial energy from the sun, wind, geothermal sources, water, or biomass could be a promising option to relieve this crisis. Carbon materials could be the most versatile platform materials applied in the field of modern energy storage and conversion. Conventional carbon materials produced from coal and petrochemical products are usually energy intensive or involve harsh synthetic conditions. It is highly desired to develop effective methods to produce carbon materials from renewable resources that have high performance and limited environmental impacts. In this regard, biochar, a bio-carbon with abundant surface functional groups and easily tuned porosity produced from biomass, may be a promising candidate as a sustainable carbon material. Recent studies have demonstrated that biochar-based materials show great application potential in energy storage and conversion because of their easily tuned surface chemistry and porosity. In this review, recent advances in the applications of biochar-based materials in various energy storage and conversion fields, including hydrogen storage and production, oxygen electrocatalysts, emerging fuel cell technology, supercapacitors, and lithium/sodium ion batteries, are summarized, highlighting the mechanisms and open questions in current energy applications. Finally, contemporary challenges and perspectives on how biochar-based materials will develop and, in particular, the fields in which the use of biochar-based materials could be expanded are discussed throughout the review. This review demonstrates significant potential for energy applications of biochar-based materials, and it is expected to inspire new discoveries to promote practical applications of biochar-based materials in more energy storage and conversion fields. Biochar, a bio-carbon with abundant surface functional groups and easily tuned porosity produced from biomass, shows great application potential in energy storage and conversion. In this review, recent advances in the applications of biochar-based materials in various energy storage and conversion fields are summarized, highlighting the mechanisms and open questions in current energy applications.
AbstractList	Global warming, environmental pollution, and an energy shortage in the current fossil fuel society may cause a severe ecological crisis. Storage and conversion of renewable, dispersive and non-perennial energy from the sun, wind, geothermal sources, water, or biomass could be a promising option to relieve this crisis. Carbon materials could be the most versatile platform materials applied in the field of modern energy storage and conversion. Conventional carbon materials produced from coal and petrochemical products are usually energy intensive or involve harsh synthetic conditions. It is highly desired to develop effective methods to produce carbon materials from renewable resources that have high performance and limited environmental impacts. In this regard, biochar, a bio-carbon with abundant surface functional groups and easily tuned porosity produced from biomass, may be a promising candidate as a sustainable carbon material. Recent studies have demonstrated that biochar-based materials show great application potential in energy storage and conversion because of their easily tuned surface chemistry and porosity. In this review, recent advances in the applications of biochar-based materials in various energy storage and conversion fields, including hydrogen storage and production, oxygen electrocatalysts, emerging fuel cell technology, supercapacitors, and lithium/sodium ion batteries, are summarized, highlighting the mechanisms and open questions in current energy applications. Finally, contemporary challenges and perspectives on how biochar-based materials will develop and, in particular, the fields in which the use of biochar-based materials could be expanded are discussed throughout the review. This review demonstrates significant potential for energy applications of biochar-based materials, and it is expected to inspire new discoveries to promote practical applications of biochar-based materials in more energy storage and conversion fields. Global warming, environmental pollution, and an energy shortage in the current fossil fuel society may cause a severe ecological crisis. Storage and conversion of renewable, dispersive and non-perennial energy from the sun, wind, geothermal sources, water, or biomass could be a promising option to relieve this crisis. Carbon materials could be the most versatile platform materials applied in the field of modern energy storage and conversion. Conventional carbon materials produced from coal and petrochemical products are usually energy intensive or involve harsh synthetic conditions. It is highly desired to develop effective methods to produce carbon materials from renewable resources that have high performance and limited environmental impacts. In this regard, biochar, a bio-carbon with abundant surface functional groups and easily tuned porosity produced from biomass, may be a promising candidate as a sustainable carbon material. Recent studies have demonstrated that biochar-based materials show great application potential in energy storage and conversion because of their easily tuned surface chemistry and porosity. In this review, recent advances in the applications of biochar-based materials in various energy storage and conversion fields, including hydrogen storage and production, oxygen electrocatalysts, emerging fuel cell technology, supercapacitors, and lithium/sodium ion batteries, are summarized, highlighting the mechanisms and open questions in current energy applications. Finally, contemporary challenges and perspectives on how biochar-based materials will develop and, in particular, the fields in which the use of biochar-based materials could be expanded are discussed throughout the review. This review demonstrates significant potential for energy applications of biochar-based materials, and it is expected to inspire new discoveries to promote practical applications of biochar-based materials in more energy storage and conversion fields. Biochar, a bio-carbon with abundant surface functional groups and easily tuned porosity produced from biomass, shows great application potential in energy storage and conversion. In this review, recent advances in the applications of biochar-based materials in various energy storage and conversion fields are summarized, highlighting the mechanisms and open questions in current energy applications.
Author	Yu, Han-Qing Jiang, Hong Liu, Wu-Jun
AuthorAffiliation	Department of Applied Chemistry CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion University of Science & Technology of China
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: Department of Applied Chemistry – name: University of Science & Technology of China – name: CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Wu-Jun surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Wu-Jun – sequence: 2 givenname: Hong surname: Jiang fullname: Jiang, Hong – sequence: 3 givenname: Han-Qing surname: Yu fullname: Yu, Han-Qing
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Notes	Hong Jiang obtained his PhD degree in Applied Chemistry from USTC in 2004. From 1999, he joined USTC, and is presently an Associate Professor of applied chemistry. His recent research interests include biomass refinery, preparation of biomass-based carbonaceous materials, and functionalization of biomass materials. Wu-Jun Liu received his PhD degree from the University of Science & Technology of China (USTC) under the supervision of Prof. Han-Qing Yu in 2014. He is now an associate research fellow at USTC. His research field is green chemistry and energy, focusing on the sustainable conversion of biomass waste into value-added chemicals and biochar. To date, he has published more than 30 papers on this research topic in peer-reviewed international journals. Han-Qing Yu is currently a professor in the Department of Applied Chemistry, USTC. He received his PhD from Tongji University, China in 1994. After that, he worked as a Marie Curie postdoctoral fellow at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne in the UK, a research fellow at the Nanyang Technological University, and a research assistant professor at the Hong Kong University. He is now an editorial board member of eight international journals. His research interests include contaminant degradation and nanomaterials for environmental application. He has published more than 400 international peer-reviewed papers and 8 invited book chapters. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14
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PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2019-01-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 01 year: 2019 text: 20190101 day: 01
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PublicationPlace	Cambridge
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: Cambridge
PublicationTitle	Energy & environmental science
PublicationYear	2019
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
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Snippet	Global warming, environmental pollution, and an energy shortage in the current fossil fuel society may cause a severe ecological crisis. Storage and conversion...
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SubjectTerms	Batteries Biomass Carbon Charcoal Climate change Conversion Ecological effects Electrocatalysts Energy Energy shortages Energy storage Environmental impact Fossil fuels Fuel cells Fuel technology Functional groups Global warming Hydrogen storage Lithium Organic chemistry Petrochemicals Petrochemicals industry Porosity Production methods Renewable resources Sodium Surface chemistry Sustainable materials Sustainable yield Water pollution
Title	Emerging applications of biochar-based materials for energy storage and conversion
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