Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon (C) products: challenges and perspectives

Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction has been developed as a promising and attractive strategy to achieve carbon neutrality for sustainable chemical production. Among various reduction products, multi-carbon (C 2+ ) compounds with higher energy density are desirable value-added products. Herein, we revie...

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Published in	Energy & environmental science Vol. 16; no. 11; pp. 4714 - 4758
Main Authors	Chang, Bin, Pang, Hong, Raziq, Fazal, Wang, Sibo, Huang, Kuo-Wei, Ye, Jinhua, Zhang, Huabin
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Cambridge Royal Society of Chemistry 08.11.2023
Subjects	Carbon dioxide Catalysts Chemical reduction Design optimization Electrochemistry Electrolytes Interface reactions Intermediates Ionic liquids Machine learning Mass transfer Reaction intermediates
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Abstract	Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction has been developed as a promising and attractive strategy to achieve carbon neutrality for sustainable chemical production. Among various reduction products, multi-carbon (C 2+ ) compounds with higher energy density are desirable value-added products. Herein, we review and discuss the recent progress and challenges in preparing C 2+ products. We start with the elaboration of the most recent advancement of carbon-carbon coupling results and the newly proposed mechanisms, which are much more complicated than that of single-carbon products. The complex scenarios involved in the initial CO 2 activation process, the catalyst micro/nanostructure design, and mass transfer conditions optimization have been thoroughly discussed. In addition, we also propose the synergistic realization of high C 2+ product selectivity through the rational design of the catalyst and elaborate on the influence of electrolytes (anion/cation/pH/ionic liquid) using theoretical calculation analysis and machine learning prediction. Several in situ / operando techniques have been elaborated for tracking the structural evolution and recording the reaction intermediates during electrocatalysis. Additional insights into the triphasic interfacial reaction systems with improved C 2+ selectivity are also provided. By presenting these advances and future challenges with potential solutions related to the integral development of electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to C 2+ products, we hope to shed some light on the forthcoming research on electrochemical carbon dioxide recycling. This review analyzes advanced catalysts and C 2+ synthesis mechanisms based on theoretical explorations and in situ / operando characterizations. Triphasic interface optimization is discussed for the potential of industry-compatible stability.
AbstractList	Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction has been developed as a promising and attractive strategy to achieve carbon neutrality for sustainable chemical production. Among various reduction products, multi-carbon (C 2+ ) compounds with higher energy density are desirable value-added products. Herein, we review and discuss the recent progress and challenges in preparing C 2+ products. We start with the elaboration of the most recent advancement of carbon-carbon coupling results and the newly proposed mechanisms, which are much more complicated than that of single-carbon products. The complex scenarios involved in the initial CO 2 activation process, the catalyst micro/nanostructure design, and mass transfer conditions optimization have been thoroughly discussed. In addition, we also propose the synergistic realization of high C 2+ product selectivity through the rational design of the catalyst and elaborate on the influence of electrolytes (anion/cation/pH/ionic liquid) using theoretical calculation analysis and machine learning prediction. Several in situ / operando techniques have been elaborated for tracking the structural evolution and recording the reaction intermediates during electrocatalysis. Additional insights into the triphasic interfacial reaction systems with improved C 2+ selectivity are also provided. By presenting these advances and future challenges with potential solutions related to the integral development of electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to C 2+ products, we hope to shed some light on the forthcoming research on electrochemical carbon dioxide recycling. This review analyzes advanced catalysts and C 2+ synthesis mechanisms based on theoretical explorations and in situ / operando characterizations. Triphasic interface optimization is discussed for the potential of industry-compatible stability. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction has been developed as a promising and attractive strategy to achieve carbon neutrality for sustainable chemical production. Among various reduction products, multi-carbon (C2+) compounds with higher energy density are desirable value-added products. Herein, we review and discuss the recent progress and challenges in preparing C2+ products. We start with the elaboration of the most recent advancement of carbon–carbon coupling results and the newly proposed mechanisms, which are much more complicated than that of single-carbon products. The complex scenarios involved in the initial CO2 activation process, the catalyst micro/nanostructure design, and mass transfer conditions optimization have been thoroughly discussed. In addition, we also propose the synergistic realization of high C2+ product selectivity through the rational design of the catalyst and elaborate on the influence of electrolytes (anion/cation/pH/ionic liquid) using theoretical calculation analysis and machine learning prediction. Several in situ/operando techniques have been elaborated for tracking the structural evolution and recording the reaction intermediates during electrocatalysis. Additional insights into the triphasic interfacial reaction systems with improved C2+ selectivity are also provided. By presenting these advances and future challenges with potential solutions related to the integral development of electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to C2+ products, we hope to shed some light on the forthcoming research on electrochemical carbon dioxide recycling. Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction has been developed as a promising and attractive strategy to achieve carbon neutrality for sustainable chemical production. Among various reduction products, multi-carbon (C 2+ ) compounds with higher energy density are desirable value-added products. Herein, we review and discuss the recent progress and challenges in preparing C 2+ products. We start with the elaboration of the most recent advancement of carbon–carbon coupling results and the newly proposed mechanisms, which are much more complicated than that of single-carbon products. The complex scenarios involved in the initial CO 2 activation process, the catalyst micro/nanostructure design, and mass transfer conditions optimization have been thoroughly discussed. In addition, we also propose the synergistic realization of high C 2+ product selectivity through the rational design of the catalyst and elaborate on the influence of electrolytes (anion/cation/pH/ionic liquid) using theoretical calculation analysis and machine learning prediction. Several in situ / operando techniques have been elaborated for tracking the structural evolution and recording the reaction intermediates during electrocatalysis. Additional insights into the triphasic interfacial reaction systems with improved C 2+ selectivity are also provided. By presenting these advances and future challenges with potential solutions related to the integral development of electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to C 2+ products, we hope to shed some light on the forthcoming research on electrochemical carbon dioxide recycling.
Author	Ye, Jinhua Pang, Hong Zhang, Huabin Raziq, Fazal Huang, Kuo-Wei Wang, Sibo Chang, Bin
AuthorAffiliation	King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Fuzhou University Tsukuba College of Chemistry Chemistry Program International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)1-1 Namiki Physical Science and Engineering Division KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– sequence: 0 name: State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment – sequence: 0 name: Physical Science and Engineering Division – sequence: 0 name: Tsukuba – sequence: 0 name: College of Chemistry – sequence: 0 name: Chemistry Program – sequence: 0 name: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) – sequence: 0 name: KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) – sequence: 0 name: International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)1-1 Namiki – sequence: 0 name: Fuzhou University
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Bin surname: Chang fullname: Chang, Bin – sequence: 2 givenname: Hong surname: Pang fullname: Pang, Hong – sequence: 3 givenname: Fazal surname: Raziq fullname: Raziq, Fazal – sequence: 4 givenname: Sibo surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Sibo – sequence: 5 givenname: Kuo-Wei surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Kuo-Wei – sequence: 6 givenname: Jinhua surname: Ye fullname: Ye, Jinhua – sequence: 7 givenname: Huabin surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Huabin
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ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	Copyright Royal Society of Chemistry 2023
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Notes	Bin Chang received his PhD degree from Shandong University in 2020. Then, he worked as a postdoc under the supervision of Prof. Weijia Zhou at the University of Jinan (UJN) and Prof. Shuhui Sun at the Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS). He is currently a Postdoctoral Fellow in Huabin Zhang's group at KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). His research interests focus on advanced catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion. Huabin Zhang received his PhD degree in chemistry from Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (FJIRSM-CAS). After finishing his postdoc research in Japan (Supervisor: Jinhua Ye) at the National Institute of Materials Science (NIMS) and Singapore (supervisor: Xiong Wen Lou) at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, he joined KAUST serving as an Assistant Professor in January 2021. His research interests focus on advanced catalysis for sustainable energy. Jinhua Ye received her PhD from the University of Tokyo in 1990. She is presently a Principal Investigator at the National Institute of Materials Science (NIMS) and a Professor of the Joint Doctoral Program at Hokkaido University, Japan. Her research interests focus on the research and development of photofunctional materials and their applications in the fields of environmental remediation and new energy production. She has published more than 600 high impact research papers with over 60 000 total citations (h index: 133). She is currently serving as the Associate Editor of RSC Catalysis Science & Technology, and Science Advances. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14
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Snippet	Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction has been developed as a promising and attractive strategy to achieve carbon neutrality for sustainable chemical production.... Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction has been developed as a promising and attractive strategy to achieve carbon neutrality for sustainable chemical production....
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SubjectTerms	Carbon dioxide Catalysts Chemical reduction Design optimization Electrochemistry Electrolytes Interface reactions Intermediates Ionic liquids Machine learning Mass transfer Reaction intermediates
Title	Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon (C) products: challenges and perspectives
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