Attitudes Toward Marriage Among the Urban Middle-Class in Vietnam, Thailand, and the Philippines

This research examines current attitudes toward marriage among urban middle class women and men in Vietnam, Thailand, and the Philippines. Twenty-four focus group interviews were conducted among older ever-married and younger never-married participants in Hanoi, Bangkok, and Manila. Statistical data...

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Published inJournal of comparative family studies Vol. 36; no. 2; pp. 163 - 186
Main Authors WILLIAMS, LINDY, GUEST, MICHAEL PHILIP
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Calgary Department of Sociology, University of Calgary 01.04.2005
University of Toronto Press
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Abstract This research examines current attitudes toward marriage among urban middle class women and men in Vietnam, Thailand, and the Philippines. Twenty-four focus group interviews were conducted among older ever-married and younger never-married participants in Hanoi, Bangkok, and Manila. Statistical data indicate that there has been a general upward trend in age at first marriage and increasing percentages of nonmarriage among certain urban sub-groups in many parts of Asia. One central argument in the literature is that greater economic independence among women may be largely responsible. A second hypothesis is that unfavorable economic circumstances may affect marriage timing, particularly for men. Our interviews provide support for both hypotheses. They also suggest that both men and women still largely view the institution of marriage as important in general, as well as personally. This is especially true in Vietnam, where marriage is seen as a filial duty, in addition to being desirable in its own right. In the Philippines, it remains important to bless the marriage, but because divorce remains illegal many men and women now prefer to delay marriage (or prefer to have their children delay marriage) in order to be sure they have found the right partner. In Thailand, participants viewed marriage favorably on balance. Nonetheless, there was also explicit recognition that marriage is no longer a financial necessity for women and that there can be considerable downsides to marriage, including constraints on personal freedom. This was seen as particularly true for men, but also for women. Cette recherche étudie les attitudes actuelles visa-vis du marriage parmi les hommes et les femmes des classes moyennes urbaines au Vietnam, en Thaïlande et aux Philippines. La recherche est basée sur vingt quatre discussions de groupe menées auprès déjeunes célibataires et de personnes plus âgées ayant connu l'expérience du marriage. Les données statistiques pour plusieurs régions en Asie montrent un recul de l'âge au marriage et une montée du célibat parmi certains groupes urbains. Une explication courante est que ce changement est lie a une plus grande indépendance économique des femmes. Une seconde hypothèse est que des conditions économiques généralement défavorables poussent les hommes a différer le marriage. Nos données confirment les deux hypothèses. Elles suggèrent aussi que hommes et femmes accordent toujours une grande importance au marriage a la fois sur un plan général et personnel. Ceci est surtout vrai au Vietnam, ou le marriage est perçu comme un devoir filial, en plus d'être désirable en soi-même. Aux Philipplines, la marriage religieux reste important mais, le divorce étant toujours illégal, de nombreux hommes et femmes préfèrent repousser leur marriage (ou celui de leurs enfants) pour être certain d'avoir trouve le partenaire idéal. En Thailande, les vues exprimées par les participants au sujet du marriage étaient généralement favorables. Néanmoins, ils reconnaissent aussi que le marriage n'est désormais plus une nécessite économique pour les femmes et qu'il présente des inconvénients réels, notamment en termes d'independence personnelles. Ceci est surtout vrai pour les hommes, mais aussi pour les femmes. Esta investigación examina las actitudes vigentes hacia el matrimonio en mujeres y hombres de clase media del sector urbano en Vietnam, Tailandia y las Filipinas. Se realizaron veinticuatro entrevistas de grupos focales que comprendían participantes entre adultos mayores que se han casado y jóvenes que no se han casado en Hanoi, Bangkok y Manila. Las cifras estadísticas indican que se ha presentado una tendencia ascendente en la edad del primer matrimonio y mayores porcentajes de no matrimonios entre ciertos subgrupos urbanos de muchas partes de Asia. Uno de los argumentos centrales en la literatura sostiene que la mayor independencia económica de las mujeres podría ser en gran parte responsable. Una segunda hipótesis sostiene que circunstancias económicas desfavorables podrían afectar el tiempo para iniciar el matrimonio, especialmente en hombres. Nuestras entrevistas apoyan ambas hipótesis. También sugieren que tanto hombres como mujeres aún consideran la institución del matrimonio importante en general y en lo personal, lo cual es esespecialmente cierto en Vietnam, en donde el matrimonio además de ser deseado por sí mismo, es visto como una obligación filial. En las Filipinas, permanece siendo importante bendecir el matrimonio, pero como el divorcio continúa siendo ilegal, muchos hombres y mujeres actualmente prefieren demorar el matrimonio (o prefieren que sus hijos demoren sus matrimonios) para asegurarse de haber encontrado la pareja correcta. En Tailandia, los participantes percibieron el matrimonio inclinándose hacia el lado favorable. Sinembargo, existió el reconocimiento explícito de que el matrimonio puede presentar aspectos negativos, tales como restricciones en la libertad personal, lo cual fue considerado particularmente cierto para los hombres pero también para las mujeres.
AbstractList This research examines current attitudes toward marriage among urban middle class women and men in Vietnam, Thailand, and the Philippines. Twenty-four focus group interviews were conducted among older ever-married and younger never-married participants in Hanoi, Bangkok, and Manila. Statistical data indicate that there has been a general upward trend in age at first marriage and increasing percentages of non-marriage among certain urban sub-groups in many parts of Asia. One central argument in the literature is that greater economic independence among women may be largely responsible. A second hypothesis is that unfavorable economic circumstances may affect marriage timing, particularly for men. Our interviews provide support for both hypotheses. They also suggest that both men and women still largely view the institution of marriage as important in general, as well as personally. This is especially true in Vietnam, where marriage is seen as a filial duty, in addition to being desirable in its own right. In the Philippines, it remains important to bless the marriage, but because divorce remains illegal many men and women now prefer to delay marriage (or prefer to have their children delay marriage) in order to be sure they have found the right partner. In Thailand, participants viewed marriage favorably on balance. Nonetheless, there was also explicit recognition that marriage is no longer a financial necessity for women and that there can be considerable downsides to marriage, including constraints on personal freedom. This was seen as particularly true for men, but also for women.
This research examines current attitudes toward marriage among urban middle class women and men in Vietnam, Thailand, and the Philippines. Twenty-four focus group interviews were conducted among older ever-married and younger never-married participants in Hanoi, Bangkok, and Manila. Statistical data indicate that there has been a general upward trend in age at first marriage and increasing percentages of nonmarriage among certain urban sub-groups in many parts of Asia. One central argument in the literature is that greater economic independence among women may be largely responsible. A second hypothesis is that unfavorable economic circumstances may affect marriage timing, particularly for men. Our interviews provide support for both hypotheses. They also suggest that both men and women still largely view the institution of marriage as important in general, as well as personally. This is especially true in Vietnam, where marriage is seen as a filial duty, in addition to being desirable in its own right. In the Philippines, it remains important to bless the marriage, but because divorce remains illegal many men and women now prefer to delay marriage (or prefer to have their children delay marriage) in order to be sure they have found the right partner. In Thailand, participants viewed marriage favorably on balance. Nonetheless, there was also explicit recognition that marriage is no longer a financial necessity for women and that there can be considerable downsides to marriage, including constraints on personal freedom. This was seen as particularly true for men, but also for women. Cette recherche étudie les attitudes actuelles visa-vis du marriage parmi les hommes et les femmes des classes moyennes urbaines au Vietnam, en Thaïlande et aux Philippines. La recherche est basée sur vingt quatre discussions de groupe menées auprès déjeunes célibataires et de personnes plus âgées ayant connu l'expérience du marriage. Les données statistiques pour plusieurs régions en Asie montrent un recul de l'âge au marriage et une montée du célibat parmi certains groupes urbains. Une explication courante est que ce changement est lie a une plus grande indépendance économique des femmes. Une seconde hypothèse est que des conditions économiques généralement défavorables poussent les hommes a différer le marriage. Nos données confirment les deux hypothèses. Elles suggèrent aussi que hommes et femmes accordent toujours une grande importance au marriage a la fois sur un plan général et personnel. Ceci est surtout vrai au Vietnam, ou le marriage est perçu comme un devoir filial, en plus d'être désirable en soi-même. Aux Philipplines, la marriage religieux reste important mais, le divorce étant toujours illégal, de nombreux hommes et femmes préfèrent repousser leur marriage (ou celui de leurs enfants) pour être certain d'avoir trouve le partenaire idéal. En Thailande, les vues exprimées par les participants au sujet du marriage étaient généralement favorables. Néanmoins, ils reconnaissent aussi que le marriage n'est désormais plus une nécessite économique pour les femmes et qu'il présente des inconvénients réels, notamment en termes d'independence personnelles. Ceci est surtout vrai pour les hommes, mais aussi pour les femmes. Esta investigación examina las actitudes vigentes hacia el matrimonio en mujeres y hombres de clase media del sector urbano en Vietnam, Tailandia y las Filipinas. Se realizaron veinticuatro entrevistas de grupos focales que comprendían participantes entre adultos mayores que se han casado y jóvenes que no se han casado en Hanoi, Bangkok y Manila. Las cifras estadísticas indican que se ha presentado una tendencia ascendente en la edad del primer matrimonio y mayores porcentajes de no matrimonios entre ciertos subgrupos urbanos de muchas partes de Asia. Uno de los argumentos centrales en la literatura sostiene que la mayor independencia económica de las mujeres podría ser en gran parte responsable. Una segunda hipótesis sostiene que circunstancias económicas desfavorables podrían afectar el tiempo para iniciar el matrimonio, especialmente en hombres. Nuestras entrevistas apoyan ambas hipótesis. También sugieren que tanto hombres como mujeres aún consideran la institución del matrimonio importante en general y en lo personal, lo cual es esespecialmente cierto en Vietnam, en donde el matrimonio además de ser deseado por sí mismo, es visto como una obligación filial. En las Filipinas, permanece siendo importante bendecir el matrimonio, pero como el divorcio continúa siendo ilegal, muchos hombres y mujeres actualmente prefieren demorar el matrimonio (o prefieren que sus hijos demoren sus matrimonios) para asegurarse de haber encontrado la pareja correcta. En Tailandia, los participantes percibieron el matrimonio inclinándose hacia el lado favorable. Sinembargo, existió el reconocimiento explícito de que el matrimonio puede presentar aspectos negativos, tales como restricciones en la libertad personal, lo cual fue considerado particularmente cierto para los hombres pero también para las mujeres.
This research examines current attitudes toward marriage among urban middle class women and men in Vietnam, Thailand, and the Philippines. Twenty-four focus group interviews were conducted among older ever-married and younger never-married participants in Hanoi, Bangkok, and Manila. Statistical data indicate that there has been a general upward trend in age at first marriage and increasing percentages of nonmarriage among certain urban sub-groups in many parts of Asia. One central argument in the literature is that greater economic independence among women may be largely responsible. A second hypothesis is that unfavorable economic circumstances may affect marriage timing, particularly for men. Our interviews provide support for both hypotheses. They also suggest that both men and women still largely view the institution of marriage as important in general, as well as personally. This is especially true in Vietnam, where marriage is seen as a filial duty, in addition to being desirable in its own right. In the Philippines, it remains important to bless the marriage, but because divorce remains illegal many men and women now prefer to delay marriage (or prefer to have their children delay marriage) in order to be sure they have found the right partner. In Thailand, participants viewed marriage favorably on balance. Nonetheless, there was also explicit recognition that marriage is no longer a financial necessity for women and that there can be considerable downsides to marriage, including constraints on personal freedom. This was seen as particularly true for men, but also for women. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
This research examines current attitudes toward marriage among urban middle class women & men in Vietnam, Thailand, & the Philippines. Twenty-four focus group interviews were conducted among older ever-married & younger never-married participants in Hanoi, Bangkok, & Manila. Statistical data indicate that there has been a general upward trend in age at first marriage & increasing percentages of nonmarriage among certain urban sub-groups in many parts of Asia. One central argument in the literature is that greater economic independence among women may be largely responsible. A second hypothesis is that unfavorable economic circumstances may affect marriage timing, particularly for men. Our interviews provide support for both hypotheses. They also suggest that both men & women still largely view the institution of marriage as important in general, as well as personally. This is especially true in Vietnam, where marriage is seen as a filial duty, in addition to being desirable in its own right. In the Philippines, it remains important to bless the marriage, but because divorce remains illegal, many men & women now prefer to delay marriage (or prefer to have their children delay marriage) in order to be sure they have found the right partner. In Thailand, participants viewed marriage favorably on balance. Nonetheless, there was also explicit recognition that marriage is no longer a financial necessity for women & that there can be considerable downsides to marriage, including constraints on personal freedom. This was seen as particularly true for men, but also for women. 1 Table, 1 Figure, 42 References. Adapted from the source document.
Author GUEST, MICHAEL PHILIP
WILLIAMS, LINDY
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Snippet This research examines current attitudes toward marriage among urban middle class women and men in Vietnam, Thailand, and the Philippines. Twenty-four focus...
This research examines current attitudes toward marriage among urban middle class women & men in Vietnam, Thailand, & the Philippines. Twenty-four focus group...
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SubjectTerms Attitudes
Censuses
Ceremonies
Children
Crosscultural Differences
Economic Factors
Focus groups
Husbands
Marriage
Marriage Timing
Men
Middle Class
Parents
Philippines
Single status
Southeast Asia
Thailand
Urban Areas
Vietnam
Womens education
Title Attitudes Toward Marriage Among the Urban Middle-Class in Vietnam, Thailand, and the Philippines
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