Multivariate statistical analysis of metabolomics profiles in tissues of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from the Southern and Western Hudson Bay subpopulations

Polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ) are apex predators of the Arctic, which exposes them to an array of natural and anthropogenic stress factors. Metabolomics analysis profiles endogenous metabolites that reflect the response of biological systems to stimuli, and the effects of multiple stressors can be...

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Published inPolar biology Vol. 41; no. 3; pp. 433 - 449
Main Authors Morris, A. D., Letcher, R. J., Dyck, M., Chandramouli, B., Fisk, A. T., Cosgrove, J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.03.2018
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
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Abstract Polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ) are apex predators of the Arctic, which exposes them to an array of natural and anthropogenic stress factors. Metabolomics analysis profiles endogenous metabolites that reflect the response of biological systems to stimuli, and the effects of multiple stressors can be assessed from an integrated perspective. A targeted, quantitative, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based metabolomics platform [219 metabolites including amino acids, biogenic amines, acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), sphingomyelins, hexoses (Hex), and fatty acids (FAs)] was applied to the muscle and liver of polar bears from the Southern and Western Hudson Bay (Canada) subpopulations (SHB and WHB, respectively). Multivariate statistics were then applied to establish whether bears were discriminated by sex and/or subpopulation. Five metabolites identified by variable importance projection (VIP) discriminated the hepatic profiles of SHB males and females (Hex, arginine, glutamine, one PC, one sphingomyelin), while fifteen metabolites (primarily PCs along with leucine) contrasted the livers of males from SHB and WHB. Metabolite profiles in the muscle of male and female bears could not be differentiated; however, the muscles of SHB and WHB males were discriminated primarily by PCs and FAs. Stable isotope ratios (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) were variably related to metabolites; δ 13 C was correlated with some VIP metabolite concentrations, particularly in comparisons of male bears from SHB and WHB, suggesting an influence of dietary differences. However, δ 15 N and age exhibited few, relatively weak correlations with metabolites. The metabolite profiles discriminating the sexes and subpopulations may have utility for future assessments regarding the effects of specific stressors on the physiology of Hudson Bay polar bears.
AbstractList Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are apex predators of the Arctic, which exposes them to an array of natural and anthropogenic stress factors. Metabolomics analysis profiles endogenous metabolites that reflect the response of biological systems to stimuli, and the effects of multiple stressors can be assessed from an integrated perspective. A targeted, quantitative, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics platform [219 metabolites including amino acids, biogenic amines, acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), sphingomyelins, hexoses (Hex), and fatty acids (FAs)] was applied to the muscle and liver of polar bears from the Southern and Western Hudson Bay (Canada) subpopulations (SHB and WHB, respectively). Multivariate statistics were then applied to establish whether bears were discriminated by sex and/or subpopulation. Five metabolites identified by variable importance projection (VIP) discriminated the hepatic profiles of SHB males and females (Hex, arginine, glutamine, one PC, one sphingomyelin), while fifteen metabolites (primarily PCs along with leucine) contrasted the livers of males from SHB and WHB. Metabolite profiles in the muscle of male and female bears could not be differentiated; however, the muscles of SHB and WHB males were discriminated primarily by PCs and FAs. Stable isotope ratios ([delta].sup.13C and [delta].sup.15N) were variably related to metabolites; [delta].sup.13C was correlated with some VIP metabolite concentrations, particularly in comparisons of male bears from SHB and WHB, suggesting an influence of dietary differences. However, [delta].sup.15N and age exhibited few, relatively weak correlations with metabolites. The metabolite profiles discriminating the sexes and subpopulations may have utility for future assessments regarding the effects of specific stressors on the physiology of Hudson Bay polar bears.
Polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ) are apex predators of the Arctic, which exposes them to an array of natural and anthropogenic stress factors. Metabolomics analysis profiles endogenous metabolites that reflect the response of biological systems to stimuli, and the effects of multiple stressors can be assessed from an integrated perspective. A targeted, quantitative, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based metabolomics platform [219 metabolites including amino acids, biogenic amines, acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), sphingomyelins, hexoses (Hex), and fatty acids (FAs)] was applied to the muscle and liver of polar bears from the Southern and Western Hudson Bay (Canada) subpopulations (SHB and WHB, respectively). Multivariate statistics were then applied to establish whether bears were discriminated by sex and/or subpopulation. Five metabolites identified by variable importance projection (VIP) discriminated the hepatic profiles of SHB males and females (Hex, arginine, glutamine, one PC, one sphingomyelin), while fifteen metabolites (primarily PCs along with leucine) contrasted the livers of males from SHB and WHB. Metabolite profiles in the muscle of male and female bears could not be differentiated; however, the muscles of SHB and WHB males were discriminated primarily by PCs and FAs. Stable isotope ratios (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) were variably related to metabolites; δ 13 C was correlated with some VIP metabolite concentrations, particularly in comparisons of male bears from SHB and WHB, suggesting an influence of dietary differences. However, δ 15 N and age exhibited few, relatively weak correlations with metabolites. The metabolite profiles discriminating the sexes and subpopulations may have utility for future assessments regarding the effects of specific stressors on the physiology of Hudson Bay polar bears.
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are apex predators of the Arctic, which exposes them to an array of natural and anthropogenic stress factors. Metabolomics analysis profiles endogenous metabolites that reflect the response of biological systems to stimuli, and the effects of multiple stressors can be assessed from an integrated perspective. A targeted, quantitative, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based metabolomics platform [219 metabolites including amino acids, biogenic amines, acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), sphingomyelins, hexoses (Hex), and fatty acids (FAs)] was applied to the muscle and liver of polar bears from the Southern and Western Hudson Bay (Canada) subpopulations (SHB and WHB, respectively). Multivariate statistics were then applied to establish whether bears were discriminated by sex and/or subpopulation. Five metabolites identified by variable importance projection (VIP) discriminated the hepatic profiles of SHB males and females (Hex, arginine, glutamine, one PC, one sphingomyelin), while fifteen metabolites (primarily PCs along with leucine) contrasted the livers of males from SHB and WHB. Metabolite profiles in the muscle of male and female bears could not be differentiated; however, the muscles of SHB and WHB males were discriminated primarily by PCs and FAs. Stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) were variably related to metabolites; δ13C was correlated with some VIP metabolite concentrations, particularly in comparisons of male bears from SHB and WHB, suggesting an influence of dietary differences. However, δ15N and age exhibited few, relatively weak correlations with metabolites. The metabolite profiles discriminating the sexes and subpopulations may have utility for future assessments regarding the effects of specific stressors on the physiology of Hudson Bay polar bears.
Audience Academic
Author Dyck, M.
Chandramouli, B.
Cosgrove, J.
Fisk, A. T.
Letcher, R. J.
Morris, A. D.
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Keywords Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)
Metabolomics
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Polar bears
Multivariate analysis
Hudson Bay
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Snippet Polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ) are apex predators of the Arctic, which exposes them to an array of natural and anthropogenic stress factors. Metabolomics...
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are apex predators of the Arctic, which exposes them to an array of natural and anthropogenic stress factors. Metabolomics...
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StartPage 433
SubjectTerms Amines
Amino acids
Analysis
Anthropogenic factors
Aquatic mammals
Arginine
Biogenic amines
Biological effects
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Ecology
Fatty acids
Glutamine
Hexoses
Human influences
Isotope ratios
Leucine
Life Sciences
Liquid chromatography
Liver
Males
Marine mammals
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Metabolites
Metabolomics
Microbiology
Multivariate analysis
Multivariate statistical analysis
Muscles
Oceanography
Original Paper
Physiological aspects
Plant Sciences
Polar bear
Polar bears
Predators
Profiles
Ratios
Sphingomyelin
Stable isotopes
Statistical analysis
Statistical methods
Subpopulations
Tissue
Ursus maritimus
Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Zoology
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Title Multivariate statistical analysis of metabolomics profiles in tissues of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from the Southern and Western Hudson Bay subpopulations
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