Multivariate statistical analysis of metabolomics profiles in tissues of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from the Southern and Western Hudson Bay subpopulations
Polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ) are apex predators of the Arctic, which exposes them to an array of natural and anthropogenic stress factors. Metabolomics analysis profiles endogenous metabolites that reflect the response of biological systems to stimuli, and the effects of multiple stressors can be...
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Published in | Polar biology Vol. 41; no. 3; pp. 433 - 449 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Berlin/Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
01.03.2018
Springer Springer Nature B.V |
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Abstract | Polar bears (
Ursus maritimus
) are apex predators of the Arctic, which exposes them to an array of natural and anthropogenic stress factors. Metabolomics analysis profiles endogenous metabolites that reflect the response of biological systems to stimuli, and the effects of multiple stressors can be assessed from an integrated perspective. A targeted, quantitative, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based metabolomics platform [219 metabolites including amino acids, biogenic amines, acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), sphingomyelins, hexoses (Hex), and fatty acids (FAs)] was applied to the muscle and liver of polar bears from the Southern and Western Hudson Bay (Canada) subpopulations (SHB and WHB, respectively). Multivariate statistics were then applied to establish whether bears were discriminated by sex and/or subpopulation. Five metabolites identified by variable importance projection (VIP) discriminated the hepatic profiles of SHB males and females (Hex, arginine, glutamine, one PC, one sphingomyelin), while fifteen metabolites (primarily PCs along with leucine) contrasted the livers of males from SHB and WHB. Metabolite profiles in the muscle of male and female bears could not be differentiated; however, the muscles of SHB and WHB males were discriminated primarily by PCs and FAs. Stable isotope ratios (δ
13
C and δ
15
N) were variably related to metabolites; δ
13
C was correlated with some VIP metabolite concentrations, particularly in comparisons of male bears from SHB and WHB, suggesting an influence of dietary differences. However, δ
15
N and age exhibited few, relatively weak correlations with metabolites. The metabolite profiles discriminating the sexes and subpopulations may have utility for future assessments regarding the effects of specific stressors on the physiology of Hudson Bay polar bears. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are apex predators of the Arctic, which exposes them to an array of natural and anthropogenic stress factors. Metabolomics analysis profiles endogenous metabolites that reflect the response of biological systems to stimuli, and the effects of multiple stressors can be assessed from an integrated perspective. A targeted, quantitative, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics platform [219 metabolites including amino acids, biogenic amines, acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), sphingomyelins, hexoses (Hex), and fatty acids (FAs)] was applied to the muscle and liver of polar bears from the Southern and Western Hudson Bay (Canada) subpopulations (SHB and WHB, respectively). Multivariate statistics were then applied to establish whether bears were discriminated by sex and/or subpopulation. Five metabolites identified by variable importance projection (VIP) discriminated the hepatic profiles of SHB males and females (Hex, arginine, glutamine, one PC, one sphingomyelin), while fifteen metabolites (primarily PCs along with leucine) contrasted the livers of males from SHB and WHB. Metabolite profiles in the muscle of male and female bears could not be differentiated; however, the muscles of SHB and WHB males were discriminated primarily by PCs and FAs. Stable isotope ratios ([delta].sup.13C and [delta].sup.15N) were variably related to metabolites; [delta].sup.13C was correlated with some VIP metabolite concentrations, particularly in comparisons of male bears from SHB and WHB, suggesting an influence of dietary differences. However, [delta].sup.15N and age exhibited few, relatively weak correlations with metabolites. The metabolite profiles discriminating the sexes and subpopulations may have utility for future assessments regarding the effects of specific stressors on the physiology of Hudson Bay polar bears. Polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ) are apex predators of the Arctic, which exposes them to an array of natural and anthropogenic stress factors. Metabolomics analysis profiles endogenous metabolites that reflect the response of biological systems to stimuli, and the effects of multiple stressors can be assessed from an integrated perspective. A targeted, quantitative, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based metabolomics platform [219 metabolites including amino acids, biogenic amines, acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), sphingomyelins, hexoses (Hex), and fatty acids (FAs)] was applied to the muscle and liver of polar bears from the Southern and Western Hudson Bay (Canada) subpopulations (SHB and WHB, respectively). Multivariate statistics were then applied to establish whether bears were discriminated by sex and/or subpopulation. Five metabolites identified by variable importance projection (VIP) discriminated the hepatic profiles of SHB males and females (Hex, arginine, glutamine, one PC, one sphingomyelin), while fifteen metabolites (primarily PCs along with leucine) contrasted the livers of males from SHB and WHB. Metabolite profiles in the muscle of male and female bears could not be differentiated; however, the muscles of SHB and WHB males were discriminated primarily by PCs and FAs. Stable isotope ratios (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) were variably related to metabolites; δ 13 C was correlated with some VIP metabolite concentrations, particularly in comparisons of male bears from SHB and WHB, suggesting an influence of dietary differences. However, δ 15 N and age exhibited few, relatively weak correlations with metabolites. The metabolite profiles discriminating the sexes and subpopulations may have utility for future assessments regarding the effects of specific stressors on the physiology of Hudson Bay polar bears. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are apex predators of the Arctic, which exposes them to an array of natural and anthropogenic stress factors. Metabolomics analysis profiles endogenous metabolites that reflect the response of biological systems to stimuli, and the effects of multiple stressors can be assessed from an integrated perspective. A targeted, quantitative, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based metabolomics platform [219 metabolites including amino acids, biogenic amines, acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), sphingomyelins, hexoses (Hex), and fatty acids (FAs)] was applied to the muscle and liver of polar bears from the Southern and Western Hudson Bay (Canada) subpopulations (SHB and WHB, respectively). Multivariate statistics were then applied to establish whether bears were discriminated by sex and/or subpopulation. Five metabolites identified by variable importance projection (VIP) discriminated the hepatic profiles of SHB males and females (Hex, arginine, glutamine, one PC, one sphingomyelin), while fifteen metabolites (primarily PCs along with leucine) contrasted the livers of males from SHB and WHB. Metabolite profiles in the muscle of male and female bears could not be differentiated; however, the muscles of SHB and WHB males were discriminated primarily by PCs and FAs. Stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) were variably related to metabolites; δ13C was correlated with some VIP metabolite concentrations, particularly in comparisons of male bears from SHB and WHB, suggesting an influence of dietary differences. However, δ15N and age exhibited few, relatively weak correlations with metabolites. The metabolite profiles discriminating the sexes and subpopulations may have utility for future assessments regarding the effects of specific stressors on the physiology of Hudson Bay polar bears. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Dyck, M. Chandramouli, B. Cosgrove, J. Fisk, A. T. Letcher, R. J. Morris, A. D. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: A. D. surname: Morris fullname: Morris, A. D. email: adam.morris@canada.ca, adam.morris.phd@gmail.com organization: Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University – sequence: 2 givenname: R. J. surname: Letcher fullname: Letcher, R. J. organization: Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University – sequence: 3 givenname: M. surname: Dyck fullname: Dyck, M. organization: Department of Environment, Government of Nunavut – sequence: 4 givenname: B. surname: Chandramouli fullname: Chandramouli, B. organization: AXYS Analytical Services – sequence: 5 givenname: A. T. surname: Fisk fullname: Fisk, A. T. organization: Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor – sequence: 6 givenname: J. surname: Cosgrove fullname: Cosgrove, J. organization: AXYS Analytical Services |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tree_2021_01_007 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2019_03_477 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2021_112169 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2018_10_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2019_02_030 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2019_133792 |
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Copyright | Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2017 COPYRIGHT 2018 Springer Polar Biology is a copyright of Springer, (2017). All Rights Reserved. |
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Keywords | Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) Metabolomics ) Polar bears Multivariate analysis Hudson Bay |
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Ursus maritimus
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Title | Multivariate statistical analysis of metabolomics profiles in tissues of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from the Southern and Western Hudson Bay subpopulations |
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