Inflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord and brain is mediated by activated macrophages, mast cells and T cells

Recent studies have shown inflammatory markers in affected neural tissues of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. We examined immunocytochemically spinal cord tissues of six patients with ALS, two with corticospinal tract degeneration secondary to cerebral infarcts and three control subject...

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Published inAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron disorders Vol. 5; no. 4; pp. 213 - 219
Main Authors Graves, Michael, Fiala, Milan, Dinglasan, Lu Anne, Liu, Nancy, Sayre, James, Chiappelli, Francesco, van Kooten, Cees, Vinters, Harry
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Taylor & Francis 01.12.2004
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Abstract Recent studies have shown inflammatory markers in affected neural tissues of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. We examined immunocytochemically spinal cord tissues of six patients with ALS, two with corticospinal tract degeneration secondary to cerebral infarcts and three control subjects without neuropathologic abnormalities. ALS spinal cords had dense macrophage infiltration (one log greater than control spinal cords) involving the white and gray matter, with heaviest infiltration of lateral and ventral columns and, in one patient, prefrontal gyrus and the occipital lobes of the brain. Macrophages in ALS spinal cord showed strong expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (one log greater than control tissues) and inducible nitric oxide synthase. In the gray matter, macrophages surrounded and appeared to phagocytize neurons (NeuN-positive) that appeared to be dying. Vessels showed damage to the tight junction protein ZO-1 in relation to perivascular CD40 receptor-positive macrophages and CD40 ligand-positive T lymphocytes. ALS spinal cords, but not control cords, were sparsely infiltrated with mast cells. In control cases with corticospinal tract degeneration following hemispheric cerebral infarction, macrophage infiltration of the white matter was COX-2-negative and restricted to lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts. Our data suggest that inflammation in ALS spinal cord and cortex is based on innate immune responses by macrophages and mast cells and adaptive immune responses by T cells.
AbstractList Recent studies have shown inflammatory markers in affected neural tissues of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. We examined immunocytochemically spinal cord tissues of six patients with ALS, two with corticospinal tract degeneration secondary to cerebral infarcts and three control subjects without neuropathologic abnormalities. ALS spinal cords had dense macrophage infiltration (one log greater than control spinal cords) involving the white and gray matter, with heaviest infiltration of lateral and ventral columns and, in one patient, prefrontal gyrus and the occipital lobes of the brain. Macrophages in ALS spinal cord showed strong expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (one log greater than control tissues) and inducible nitric oxide synthase. In the gray matter, macrophages surrounded and appeared to phagocytize neurons (NeuN- positive) that appeared to be dying. Vessels showed damage to the tight junction protein ZO-1 in relation to perivascular CD40 receptor-positive macrophages and CD40 ligand-positive T lymphocytes. ALS spinal cords, but not control cords, were sparsely infiltrated with mast cells. In control cases with corticospinal tract degeneration following hemispheric cerebral infarction, macrophage infiltration of the white matter was COX-2-negative and restricted to lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts. Our data suggest that inflammation in ALS spinal cord and cortex is based on innate immune responses by macrophages and mast cells and adaptive immune responses by T cells.
Author Graves, Michael
Fiala, Milan
Sayre, James
Chiappelli, Francesco
Liu, Nancy
van Kooten, Cees
Dinglasan, Lu Anne
Vinters, Harry
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Snippet Recent studies have shown inflammatory markers in affected neural tissues of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. We examined immunocytochemically...
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SubjectTerms adaptive immunity
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - immunology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - metabolism
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - pathology
Brain - immunology
Brain - metabolism
Brain - pathology
Cyclooxygenase 2
Humans
immunopathogenesis of ALS
inflammation
innate immunity
Macrophages - immunology
Macrophages - metabolism
mast cells
Mast Cells - immunology
Mast Cells - metabolism
Membrane Proteins
Middle Aged
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases - biosynthesis
Spinal Cord - immunology
Spinal Cord - metabolism
Spinal Cord - pathology
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
T-Lymphocytes - metabolism
Title Inflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord and brain is mediated by activated macrophages, mast cells and T cells
URI https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14660820410020286
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15799549
https://search.proquest.com/docview/19616244
https://search.proquest.com/docview/67292274
Volume 5
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