Survey of robust and imperceptible watermarking

• Published in: Multimedia tools and applications Vol. 78; no. 7; pp. 8603 - 8633
• Main Authors: Agarwal, Namita, Singh, Amit Kumar, Singh, Pradeep Kumar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.04.2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Computer Communication Networks; Computer forensics; Computer Science; Copyright; Data Structures and Information Theory; Design; Digital imaging; Digital watermarking; Digital watermarks; Distance learning; Fourier transforms; Image retrieval; Intellectual property; Multimedia; Multimedia Information Systems; Robustness; Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems; Spread spectrum; Telemedicine; Wavelet transforms; Robustness; Imperceptible; Security; Capacity; Watermarking
• ISSN: 1380-7501; 1573-7721
• DOI: 10.1007/s11042-018-7128-5

Robustness, imperceptibility and embedding capacity are the preliminary requirements of any watermarking technique. However, research concluded that these requirements are difficult to achieve at same time. In this paper, we review various recent robust and imperceptible watermarking methods in spatial and transform domain. Further, the paper introduces elementary concepts of digital watermarking, characteristics and novel applications of watermark in detail. Furthermore, various analysis and comparison of different notable watermarking techniques are discussed in tabular format. We believe that our survey contribution will helpful for fledgling researchers to develop robust and imperceptible watermarking algorithms for various practical applications.