Toxicological Assessment and UV/TiO2-Based Induced Degradation Profile of Reactive Black 5 Dye

• Published in: Environmental management (New York) Vol. 61; no. 1; pp. 171 - 180
• Main Authors: Bilal, Muhammad, Rasheed, Tahir, Iqbal, Hafiz M. N., Hu, Hongbo, Wang, Wei, Zhang, Xuehong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.01.2018; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acute toxicity; Aquatic Pollution; Artemia; Artemia salina; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Cell lines; chemical oxygen demand; Chromatography; CI Reactive Black 5; Color removal; decolorization; Degradation; Dye concentrations; Dyes; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecology; Environment; Environmental Management; Forestry Management; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Fourier transforms; High performance liquid chromatography; human cell lines; Infrared spectroscopy; Intermediates; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Metabolites; Nature Conservation; reactive dyes; remediation; Spectral analysis; Textile industry wastewaters; textile mill effluents; Thin layer chromatography; Titanium dioxide; Toxicity; Toxicity testing; ultra-performance liquid chromatography; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy; Waste Water Technology; Wastewater; Wastewater treatment; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Degradation by-product; Reactive Black 5; Toxicity; MTT assay; Photocatalysis
• ISSN: 0364-152X; 1432-1009; 1432-1009
• DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0948-7

In this study, the toxicological and degradation profile of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye was evaluated using a UV/TiO 2 -based degradation system. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thin layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) techniques were used to evaluate the degradation level of RB5. The UV-Vis spectral analysis revealed the disappearance of peak intensity at 599 nm (λmax). The FT-IR spectrum of UV/TiO 2 treated dye sample manifest appearance of new peaks mainly because of the degraded product and/or disappearance of some characteristics peaks which were present in the untreated spectrum. The HPLC profile verified the RB5 degradation subject to the formation of metabolites at different retention times. A stable color removal higher than 96% with COD removal in the range of 74–82.3% was noted at all evaluated dye concentrations. The tentative degradation pathway of RB5 is proposed following a careful analysis of the intermediates identified by UPLC-MS. Toxicity profile of untreated and degraded dye samples was monitored using three types of human cell lines via MTT assay and acute toxicity testing with Artemia salina . In conclusion, the UV/TiO 2 -based degradation system could be effectively employed for the remediation of textile wastewater comprising a high concentration of reactive dyes.