Time-dependent formation of oxygen vacancies in black TiO2 nanotube arrays and the effect on photoelectrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties
Black TiO2 nanotube arrays were synthesized via a two-step anodization procedure by controlling the duration of anodization and annealing in an argon atmosphere. Oxygen vacancies were introduced in black TiO2 nanotube arrays during the anodization and annealing process due to an insufficient oxygen...
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| Published in | International journal of hydrogen energy Vol. 41; no. 27; pp. 11634 - 11643 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
20.07.2016
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| Subjects | |
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| Abstract | Black TiO2 nanotube arrays were synthesized via a two-step anodization procedure by controlling the duration of anodization and annealing in an argon atmosphere. Oxygen vacancies were introduced in black TiO2 nanotube arrays during the anodization and annealing process due to an insufficient oxygen atomosphere, as confirmed by EPR, XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and Raman analysis. Black TiO2 nanotube arrays prepared in 6 h (denoted as Ar TNT-6h) exhibited excellent photoelectrocatalytic performance and stable photoelectrochemical performance due to a considerable amount of oxygen vacancies, which ensured charge separation efficiency and strong visible light absorption. The photoelectrocatalytic activities of the samples were monitored by the decomposition of Rhodamine B (RhB). Notably, the black TiO2 nanotube arrays exhibited lower charge-transfer resistance in electrochemical impendence spectroscopy (EIS). The photocurrent density of Ar TNT-6h (1.2 mA/cm2) was nearly twelve times higher than that of air-TNTs (pristine TiO2 nanotube arrays annealed in air, 0.1 mA/cm2). The formation of oxygen vacancies in black TiO2 nanotube arrays was influenced by the duration of anodization and the annealing atmosphere. A considerable amount of oxygen vacancies significantly improved the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes, thus enhancing the photoelectrocatalytic efficiency.
•The formation of oxygen vacancy was affected by anodic oxidation time and annealed atmosphere.•The optimum anodic oxidation time of black TiO2 nanotube arrays annealing in argon atmosphere has been proved.•The black TiO2 nanotube arrays prepared for 6 h exhibited excellent photoelectrocatalytic performance.•A possible of formation oxygen vacancies mechanism was proposed based on the preparation experiments. |
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| AbstractList | Black TiO2 nanotube arrays were synthesized via a two-step anodization procedure by controlling the duration of anodization and annealing in an argon atmosphere. Oxygen vacancies were introduced in black TiO2 nanotube arrays during the anodization and annealing process due to an insufficient oxygen atomosphere, as confirmed by EPR, XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and Raman analysis. Black TiO2 nanotube arrays prepared in 6 h (denoted as Ar TNT-6h) exhibited excellent photoelectrocatalytic performance and stable photoelectrochemical performance due to a considerable amount of oxygen vacancies, which ensured charge separation efficiency and strong visible light absorption. The photoelectrocatalytic activities of the samples were monitored by the decomposition of Rhodamine B (RhB). Notably, the black TiO2 nanotube arrays exhibited lower charge-transfer resistance in electrochemical impendence spectroscopy (EIS). The photocurrent density of Ar TNT-6h (1.2 mA/cm2) was nearly twelve times higher than that of air-TNTs (pristine TiO2 nanotube arrays annealed in air, 0.1 mA/cm2). The formation of oxygen vacancies in black TiO2 nanotube arrays was influenced by the duration of anodization and the annealing atmosphere. A considerable amount of oxygen vacancies significantly improved the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes, thus enhancing the photoelectrocatalytic efficiency.
•The formation of oxygen vacancy was affected by anodic oxidation time and annealed atmosphere.•The optimum anodic oxidation time of black TiO2 nanotube arrays annealing in argon atmosphere has been proved.•The black TiO2 nanotube arrays prepared for 6 h exhibited excellent photoelectrocatalytic performance.•A possible of formation oxygen vacancies mechanism was proposed based on the preparation experiments. |
| Author | Tan, Xin Jia, Lixia Zhang, Zhen Yu, Tao Huang, Xiang |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Zhen surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Zhen organization: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China – sequence: 2 givenname: Xin surname: Tan fullname: Tan, Xin organization: School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, Tibet, PR China – sequence: 3 givenname: Tao surname: Yu fullname: Yu, Tao email: yutao@tju.edu.cn organization: School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China – sequence: 4 givenname: Lixia surname: Jia fullname: Jia, Lixia organization: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China – sequence: 5 givenname: Xiang surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Xiang email: xiang.huang@utibet.edu.cn organization: School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, Tibet, PR China |
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| SubjectTerms | Black TiO2 nanotube arrays Oxygen vacancies Photoelectrocatalytic Photoelectrochemical performance |
| Title | Time-dependent formation of oxygen vacancies in black TiO2 nanotube arrays and the effect on photoelectrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties |
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