Performance and modelling of 70kVdc power supply with solid-state crowbar
The experimental activities of tokamak research involve development of high power RF and microwave sources for fusion related heating and current drive applications. High power RF and microwave tubes like Klystron, Gyrotron and Tetrode are in general operated with high voltage DC power supplies. The...
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Published in | Fusion engineering and design Vol. 88; no. 6-8; pp. 868 - 871 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Elsevier B.V
01.10.2013
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Abstract | The experimental activities of tokamak research involve development of high power RF and microwave sources for fusion related heating and current drive applications. High power RF and microwave tubes like Klystron, Gyrotron and Tetrode are in general operated with high voltage DC power supplies. These HVDC power supplies of the order of 70kVdc, must be equipped with necessary arc fault protection in addition to general over current and over voltage protection.
The arc fault protection must act within few microseconds to prevent permanent damage to the RF tube, window, etc. When an arc fault is detected, output voltage of the DC power supply is short circuited using a crowbar device (generally Ignitron, Thyratron, thyristor, rail-gap, etc.) that operates in few microseconds. This diverts the fault current from the load to crowbar device, thereby protecting the load. This is necessary as conventional protection in the power supply input takes ∼100ms to switch-off. The crowbar device must be able to take the fault current till the circuit breaker placed at power supply input is switched off.
The arc fault protection is tested for its effectiveness by “wire-burn” test. Full power short circuit of ∼1.5MW DC power supply puts enormous stress on the power supply, utility and the crowbar, therefore frequent wire-burn testing is to be avoided.
This report presents simulation of wire-burn test using PSIM software. Optimization of the component values without conducting actual wire-burn test could be achieved. |
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AbstractList | The experimental activities of tokamak research involve development of high power RF and microwave sources for fusion related heating and current drive applications. High power RF and microwave tubes like Klystron, Gyrotron and Tetrode are in general operated with high voltage DC power supplies. These HVDC power supplies of the order of 70 kVdc, must be equipped with necessary arc fault protection in addition to general over current and over voltage protection. The arc fault protection must act within few microseconds to prevent permanent damage to the RF tube, window, etc. When an arc fault is detected, output voltage of the DC power supply is short circuited using a crowbar device (generally Ignitron, Thyratron, thyristor, rail-gap, etc.) that operates in few microseconds. This diverts the fault current from the load to crowbar device, thereby protecting the load. This is necessary as conventional protection in the power supply input takes similar to 100 ms to switch-off. The crowbar device must be able to take the fault current till the circuit breaker placed at power supply input is switched off. The arc fault protection is tested for its effectiveness by "wire-burn" test. Full power short circuit of similar to 1.5 MW DC power supply puts enormous stress on the power supply, utility and the crowbar, therefore frequent wire-burn testing is to be avoided. This report presents simulation of wire-burn test using PSIM software. Optimization of the component values without conducting actual wire-burn test could be achieved. The experimental activities of tokamak research involve development of high power RF and microwave sources for fusion related heating and current drive applications. High power RF and microwave tubes like Klystron, Gyrotron and Tetrode are in general operated with high voltage DC power supplies. These HVDC power supplies of the order of 70kVdc, must be equipped with necessary arc fault protection in addition to general over current and over voltage protection. The arc fault protection must act within few microseconds to prevent permanent damage to the RF tube, window, etc. When an arc fault is detected, output voltage of the DC power supply is short circuited using a crowbar device (generally Ignitron, Thyratron, thyristor, rail-gap, etc.) that operates in few microseconds. This diverts the fault current from the load to crowbar device, thereby protecting the load. This is necessary as conventional protection in the power supply input takes similar to 100ms to switch-off. The crowbar device must be able to take the fault current till the circuit breaker placed at power supply input is switched off. The arc fault protection is tested for its effectiveness by "wire-burn" test. Full power short circuit of similar to 1.5 MW DC power supply puts enormous stress on the power supply, utility and the crowbar, therefore frequent wire-burn testing is to be avoided. This report presents simulation of wire-bum test using PSIM software. Optimization of the component values without conducting actual wire-burn test could be achieved. The experimental activities of tokamak research involve development of high power RF and microwave sources for fusion related heating and current drive applications. High power RF and microwave tubes like Klystron, Gyrotron and Tetrode are in general operated with high voltage DC power supplies. These HVDC power supplies of the order of 70kVdc, must be equipped with necessary arc fault protection in addition to general over current and over voltage protection. The arc fault protection must act within few microseconds to prevent permanent damage to the RF tube, window, etc. When an arc fault is detected, output voltage of the DC power supply is short circuited using a crowbar device (generally Ignitron, Thyratron, thyristor, rail-gap, etc.) that operates in few microseconds. This diverts the fault current from the load to crowbar device, thereby protecting the load. This is necessary as conventional protection in the power supply input takes ∼100ms to switch-off. The crowbar device must be able to take the fault current till the circuit breaker placed at power supply input is switched off. The arc fault protection is tested for its effectiveness by “wire-burn” test. Full power short circuit of ∼1.5MW DC power supply puts enormous stress on the power supply, utility and the crowbar, therefore frequent wire-burn testing is to be avoided. This report presents simulation of wire-burn test using PSIM software. Optimization of the component values without conducting actual wire-burn test could be achieved. |
Author | Kulkarni, Sanjay V. Yellamraju, Sham Sunder Srinivas |
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References | Technical Report: IPR/TR-189/2011 October 2011. 70 A DC Power Supply for Testing of High Power RF and Microwave Tubes. kV, 2 kV, 22 Technical Report: IPR/TR-197/2011 January 2012: Commissioning of 11 MVA Voltage Variation System for High Power RF and Microwave Tubes. Y.S.S. Srinivas, M. Kushwah, S.V. Kulkarni, K. Sathyanarayana, et al., The Proceedings of 19th IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering, Jan 22–25, 2002, (19th SOFE), pp. 91–94. (bib0020) 2010 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.02.073_bib0010 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.02.073_bib0015 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.02.073_bib0005 (10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.02.073_bib0020) 2010 |
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SubjectTerms | Crowbar Devices Direct current Electric potential Faults High voltage DC power supplies High voltages Microwave tubes Power supplies Radio frequencies Solid state crowbar Voltage Wire-burn test |
Title | Performance and modelling of 70kVdc power supply with solid-state crowbar |
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