Choline Kinase Alpha as an Androgen Receptor Chaperone and Prostate Cancer Therapeutic Target
The androgen receptor (AR) is a major drug target in prostate cancer (PCa). We profiled the AR-regulated kinome to identify clinically relevant and druggable effectors of AR signaling. Using genome-wide approaches, we interrogated all AR regulated kinases. Among these, choline kinase alpha (CHKA) ex...
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Published in | JNCI : Journal of the National Cancer Institute Vol. 108; no. 5; p. djv371 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
Oxford University Press
01.05.2016
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Abstract | The androgen receptor (AR) is a major drug target in prostate cancer (PCa). We profiled the AR-regulated kinome to identify clinically relevant and druggable effectors of AR signaling.
Using genome-wide approaches, we interrogated all AR regulated kinases. Among these, choline kinase alpha (CHKA) expression was evaluated in benign (n = 195), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) (n = 153) and prostate cancer (PCa) lesions (n = 359). We interrogated how CHKA regulates AR signaling using biochemical assays and investigated androgen regulation of CHKA expression in men with PCa, both untreated (n = 20) and treated with an androgen biosynthesis inhibitor degarelix (n = 27). We studied the effect of CHKA inhibition on the PCa transcriptome using RNA sequencing and tested the effect of CHKA inhibition on cell growth, clonogenic survival and invasion. Tumor xenografts (n = 6 per group) were generated in mice using genetically engineered prostate cancer cells with inducible CHKA knockdown. Data were analyzed with χ(2) tests, Cox regression analysis, and Kaplan-Meier methods. All statistical tests were two-sided.
CHKA expression was shown to be androgen regulated in cell lines, xenografts, and human tissue (log fold change from 6.75 to 6.59, P = .002) and was positively associated with tumor stage. CHKA binds directly to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of AR, enhancing its stability. As such, CHKA is the first kinase identified as an AR chaperone. Inhibition of CHKA repressed the AR transcriptional program including pathways enriched for regulation of protein folding, decreased AR protein levels, and inhibited the growth of PCa cell lines, human PCa explants, and tumor xenografts.
CHKA can act as an AR chaperone, providing, to our knowledge, the first evidence for kinases as molecular chaperones, making CHKA both a marker of tumor progression and a potential therapeutic target for PCa. |
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AbstractList | BACKGROUNDThe androgen receptor (AR) is a major drug target in prostate cancer (PCa). We profiled the AR-regulated kinome to identify clinically relevant and druggable effectors of AR signaling.METHODSUsing genome-wide approaches, we interrogated all AR regulated kinases. Among these, choline kinase alpha (CHKA) expression was evaluated in benign (n = 195), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) (n = 153) and prostate cancer (PCa) lesions (n = 359). We interrogated how CHKA regulates AR signaling using biochemical assays and investigated androgen regulation of CHKA expression in men with PCa, both untreated (n = 20) and treated with an androgen biosynthesis inhibitor degarelix (n = 27). We studied the effect of CHKA inhibition on the PCa transcriptome using RNA sequencing and tested the effect of CHKA inhibition on cell growth, clonogenic survival and invasion. Tumor xenografts (n = 6 per group) were generated in mice using genetically engineered prostate cancer cells with inducible CHKA knockdown. Data were analyzed with χ(2) tests, Cox regression analysis, and Kaplan-Meier methods. All statistical tests were two-sided.RESULTSCHKA expression was shown to be androgen regulated in cell lines, xenografts, and human tissue (log fold change from 6.75 to 6.59, P = .002) and was positively associated with tumor stage. CHKA binds directly to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of AR, enhancing its stability. As such, CHKA is the first kinase identified as an AR chaperone. Inhibition of CHKA repressed the AR transcriptional program including pathways enriched for regulation of protein folding, decreased AR protein levels, and inhibited the growth of PCa cell lines, human PCa explants, and tumor xenografts.CONCLUSIONSCHKA can act as an AR chaperone, providing, to our knowledge, the first evidence for kinases as molecular chaperones, making CHKA both a marker of tumor progression and a potential therapeutic target for PCa. The androgen receptor (AR) is a major drug target in prostate cancer (PCa). We profiled the AR-regulated kinome to identify clinically relevant and druggable effectors of AR signaling. Using genome-wide approaches, we interrogated all AR regulated kinases. Among these, choline kinase alpha (CHKA) expression was evaluated in benign (n = 195), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) (n = 153) and prostate cancer (PCa) lesions (n = 359). We interrogated how CHKA regulates AR signaling using biochemical assays and investigated androgen regulation of CHKA expression in men with PCa, both untreated (n = 20) and treated with an androgen biosynthesis inhibitor degarelix (n = 27). We studied the effect of CHKA inhibition on the PCa transcriptome using RNA sequencing and tested the effect of CHKA inhibition on cell growth, clonogenic survival and invasion. Tumor xenografts (n = 6 per group) were generated in mice using genetically engineered prostate cancer cells with inducible CHKA knockdown. Data were analyzed with χ(2) tests, Cox regression analysis, and Kaplan-Meier methods. All statistical tests were two-sided. CHKA expression was shown to be androgen regulated in cell lines, xenografts, and human tissue (log fold change from 6.75 to 6.59, P = .002) and was positively associated with tumor stage. CHKA binds directly to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of AR, enhancing its stability. As such, CHKA is the first kinase identified as an AR chaperone. Inhibition of CHKA repressed the AR transcriptional program including pathways enriched for regulation of protein folding, decreased AR protein levels, and inhibited the growth of PCa cell lines, human PCa explants, and tumor xenografts. CHKA can act as an AR chaperone, providing, to our knowledge, the first evidence for kinases as molecular chaperones, making CHKA both a marker of tumor progression and a potential therapeutic target for PCa. |
Author | Madhu, Basetti Mohammed, Hisham Taylor, Chris Warren, Anne Y Griffiths, John R Orafidiya, Folake Escriu, Carlos Lamb, Alastair Stark, Rory Massie, Charles E Luko, Katarina Asim, Mohammad Zecchini, Heather I Russell, Roslin Mills, Ian G Baniahmad, Aria Zecchini, Vincent R McEwan, Iain J Vowler, Sarah L Shaw, Greg Yang, Jiali Stefanos, Niki Tilley, Wayne D Carroll, Jason S Selth, Luke A Menon, Suraj Sriranjan, Rouchelle Baridi, Ajoeb D'Santos, Clive Grigorenko, Elena Lyons, Scott Neal, David E Dehm, Scott M Qureshi, Arham Hessenkemper, Wiebke Tavaré, Simon Pértega-Gomes, Nelma Esmaeili, Mohsen Lynch, Andy G Rennie, Paul S |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mohammad surname: Asim fullname: Asim, Mohammad organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 2 givenname: Charles E surname: Massie fullname: Massie, Charles E organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 3 givenname: Folake surname: Orafidiya fullname: Orafidiya, Folake organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 4 givenname: Nelma surname: Pértega-Gomes fullname: Pértega-Gomes, Nelma organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 5 givenname: Anne Y surname: Warren fullname: Warren, Anne Y organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 6 givenname: Mohsen surname: Esmaeili fullname: Esmaeili, Mohsen organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 7 givenname: Luke A surname: Selth fullname: Selth, Luke A organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 8 givenname: Heather I surname: Zecchini fullname: Zecchini, Heather I organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 9 givenname: Katarina surname: Luko fullname: Luko, Katarina organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 10 givenname: Arham surname: Qureshi fullname: Qureshi, Arham organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 11 givenname: Ajoeb surname: Baridi fullname: Baridi, Ajoeb organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 12 givenname: Suraj surname: Menon fullname: Menon, Suraj organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 13 givenname: Basetti surname: Madhu fullname: Madhu, Basetti organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 14 givenname: Carlos surname: Escriu fullname: Escriu, Carlos organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 15 givenname: Scott surname: Lyons fullname: Lyons, Scott organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 16 givenname: Sarah L surname: Vowler fullname: Vowler, Sarah L organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 17 givenname: Vincent R surname: Zecchini fullname: Zecchini, Vincent R organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 18 givenname: Greg surname: Shaw fullname: Shaw, Greg organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 19 givenname: Wiebke surname: Hessenkemper fullname: Hessenkemper, Wiebke organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 20 givenname: Roslin surname: Russell fullname: Russell, Roslin organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 21 givenname: Hisham surname: Mohammed fullname: Mohammed, Hisham organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 22 givenname: Niki surname: Stefanos fullname: Stefanos, Niki organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 23 givenname: Andy G surname: Lynch fullname: Lynch, Andy G organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 24 givenname: Elena surname: Grigorenko fullname: Grigorenko, Elena organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 25 givenname: Clive surname: D'Santos fullname: D'Santos, Clive organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 26 givenname: Chris surname: Taylor fullname: Taylor, Chris organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 27 givenname: Alastair surname: Lamb fullname: Lamb, Alastair organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 28 givenname: Rouchelle surname: Sriranjan fullname: Sriranjan, Rouchelle organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 29 givenname: Jiali surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Jiali organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 30 givenname: Rory surname: Stark fullname: Stark, Rory organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 31 givenname: Scott M surname: Dehm fullname: Dehm, Scott M organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 32 givenname: Paul S surname: Rennie fullname: Rennie, Paul S organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 33 givenname: Jason S surname: Carroll fullname: Carroll, Jason S organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 34 givenname: John R surname: Griffiths fullname: Griffiths, John R organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 35 givenname: Simon surname: Tavaré fullname: Tavaré, Simon organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 36 givenname: Ian G surname: Mills fullname: Mills, Ian G organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 37 givenname: Iain J surname: McEwan fullname: McEwan, Iain J organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 38 givenname: Aria surname: Baniahmad fullname: Baniahmad, Aria organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 39 givenname: Wayne D surname: Tilley fullname: Tilley, Wayne D organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) – sequence: 40 givenname: David E surname: Neal fullname: Neal, David E organization: Affiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN) |
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Snippet | The androgen receptor (AR) is a major drug target in prostate cancer (PCa). We profiled the AR-regulated kinome to identify clinically relevant and druggable... BACKGROUNDThe androgen receptor (AR) is a major drug target in prostate cancer (PCa). We profiled the AR-regulated kinome to identify clinically relevant and... |
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SubjectTerms | Aged Animals Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism Choline Kinase - antagonists & inhibitors Choline Kinase - genetics Choline Kinase - metabolism Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Male Mice Mice, Inbred NOD Mice, SCID Middle Aged Molecular Chaperones Molecular Targeted Therapy - methods Neoplasm Grading Neoplasm Staging Proportional Hazards Models Prostatectomy - methods Prostatic Neoplasms - drug therapy Prostatic Neoplasms - enzymology Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology Prostatic Neoplasms - surgery Receptors, Androgen - metabolism Sequence Analysis, DNA Signal Transduction Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays |
Title | Choline Kinase Alpha as an Androgen Receptor Chaperone and Prostate Cancer Therapeutic Target |
URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26657335 https://search.proquest.com/docview/1749992309 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4849803 |
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