Amino Assets: How Amino Acids Support Immunity

Amino acids are fundamental building blocks supporting life. Their role in protein synthesis is well defined, but they contribute to a host of other intracellular metabolic pathways, including ATP generation, nucleotide synthesis, and redox balance, to support cellular and organismal function. Immun...

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Published in	Cell metabolism Vol. 32; no. 2; pp. 154 - 175
Main Authors	Kelly, Beth, Pearce, Erika L.
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	United States Elsevier Inc 04.08.2020
Subjects	amino acids immunometabolism lymphocytes macrophages metabolic pathways T cells macrophages lymphocytes T cells immunometabolism metabolic pathways amino acids
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Abstract	Amino acids are fundamental building blocks supporting life. Their role in protein synthesis is well defined, but they contribute to a host of other intracellular metabolic pathways, including ATP generation, nucleotide synthesis, and redox balance, to support cellular and organismal function. Immune cells critically depend on such pathways to acquire energy and biomass and to reprogram their metabolism upon activation to support growth, proliferation, and effector functions. Amino acid metabolism plays a key role in this metabolic rewiring, and it supports various immune cell functions beyond increased protein synthesis. Here, we review the mechanisms by which amino acid metabolism promotes immune cell function, and how these processes could be targeted to improve immunity in pathological conditions. In this Review, Kelly and Pearce highlight the role of amino acids in immune cell function. They outline that beyond driving protein synthesis, amino acids support immunity by modulating immune cell energy metabolism, redox balance, epigenetic modification, nucleotide synthesis, autophagy, and post-translational protein modification.
AbstractList	Amino acids are fundamental building blocks supporting life. Their role in protein synthesis is well defined, but they contribute to a host of other intracellular metabolic pathways, including ATP generation, nucleotide synthesis, and redox balance, to support cellular and organismal function. Immune cells critically depend on such pathways to acquire energy and biomass and to reprogram their metabolism upon activation to support growth, proliferation, and effector functions. Amino acid metabolism plays a key role in this metabolic rewiring, and it supports various immune cell functions beyond increased protein synthesis. Here, we review the mechanisms by which amino acid metabolism promotes immune cell function, and how these processes could be targeted to improve immunity in pathological conditions. In this Review, Kelly and Pearce highlight the role of amino acids in immune cell function. They outline that beyond driving protein synthesis, amino acids support immunity by modulating immune cell energy metabolism, redox balance, epigenetic modification, nucleotide synthesis, autophagy, and post-translational protein modification. Amino acids are fundamental building blocks supporting life. Their role in protein synthesis is well defined, but they contribute to a host of other intracellular metabolic pathways, including ATP generation, nucleotide synthesis, and redox balance, to support cellular and organismal function. Immune cells critically depend on such pathways to acquire energy and biomass and to reprogram their metabolism upon activation to support growth, proliferation, and effector functions. Amino acid metabolism plays a key role in this metabolic rewiring, and it supports various immune cell functions beyond increased protein synthesis. Here, we review the mechanisms by which amino acid metabolism promotes immune cell function, and how these processes could be targeted to improve immunity in pathological conditions.Amino acids are fundamental building blocks supporting life. Their role in protein synthesis is well defined, but they contribute to a host of other intracellular metabolic pathways, including ATP generation, nucleotide synthesis, and redox balance, to support cellular and organismal function. Immune cells critically depend on such pathways to acquire energy and biomass and to reprogram their metabolism upon activation to support growth, proliferation, and effector functions. Amino acid metabolism plays a key role in this metabolic rewiring, and it supports various immune cell functions beyond increased protein synthesis. Here, we review the mechanisms by which amino acid metabolism promotes immune cell function, and how these processes could be targeted to improve immunity in pathological conditions. Amino acids are fundamental building blocks supporting life. Their role in protein synthesis is well defined, but they contribute to a host of other intracellular metabolic pathways, including ATP generation, nucleotide synthesis, and redox balance, to support cellular and organismal function. Immune cells critically depend on such pathways to acquire energy and biomass and to reprogram their metabolism upon activation to support growth, proliferation, and effector functions. Amino acid metabolism plays a key role in this metabolic rewiring, and it supports various immune cell functions beyond increased protein synthesis. Here, we review the mechanisms by which amino acid metabolism promotes immune cell function, and how these processes could be targeted to improve immunity in pathological conditions.
Author	Pearce, Erika L. Kelly, Beth
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Beth surname: Kelly fullname: Kelly, Beth organization: Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Erika L. surname: Pearce fullname: Pearce, Erika L. email: pearce@ie-freiburg.mpg.de organization: Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32649859$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Amino acids are fundamental building blocks supporting life. Their role in protein synthesis is well defined, but they contribute to a host of other...
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SubjectTerms	amino acids immunometabolism lymphocytes macrophages metabolic pathways T cells
Title	Amino Assets: How Amino Acids Support Immunity
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