Characteristics of the Two Active Stages of Lightning Activity in Two Hailstorms
Two hailstorms that occurred in Beijing and Tianjin,respectively,are investigated,based mainly on the total lightning data observed by the System d＇Alerte Fondre par Interferometric Radioelecctrique（SAFIR3000）,the cloud-to-ground（CG） lightning data of a CG lightning location system,and the echo data...
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| Published in | Acta meteorologica Sinica Vol. 30; no. 2; pp. 265 - 281 |
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| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Beijing
The Chinese Meteorological Society
01.04.2016
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2095-6037 0894-0525 2198-0934 2191-4788 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s13351-016-5074-6 |
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| Abstract | Two hailstorms that occurred in Beijing and Tianjin,respectively,are investigated,based mainly on the total lightning data observed by the System d＇Alerte Fondre par Interferometric Radioelecctrique（SAFIR3000）,the cloud-to-ground（CG） lightning data of a CG lightning location system,and the echo data of a Doppler radar.Both hailstorms exhibited two lightning frequency peaks：the first was before the hailfall and the second was after the hailfall,with the second peak greater than the first.The dominant polarity of the CG lightning was positive in the stage around the first frequency peak,but changed to negative in the stage around the second frequency peak.The evolution of radar echoes and the height distribution of lightning radiation sources are explored,revealing that both hailstorms had stronger convection and the main positive charge occurred at mid levels during the stage around the first frequency peak.However,whilst the Beijing hailstorm experienced the enhancement of convection,with the main positive charge at upper levels around the second frequency peak,the Tianjin hailstorm generated its second frequency peak during the period when the convection kept weakening and the main positive charge dropped to mid-lower levels.Through evaluation of the radar parameters,we investigate the mechanisms responsible for the second stage of active lightning discharge.Furthermore,the lightning activity exhibited a close relationship with radar echo parameters and hailfall.Lightning jump signals were found before the hailfall and were associated with the change ratio of the 40-dBZ echo volume above the-15℃ level,which demonstrates the application value of lightning data in severe weather warning. |
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| AbstractList | Two hailstorms that occurred in Beijing and Tianjin, respectively, are investigated, based mainly on the total lightning data observed by the System d’Alerte Fondre par Interferometric Radioelecctrique (SAFIR3000), the cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning data of a CG lightning location system, and the echo data of a Doppler radar. Both hailstorms exhibited two lightning frequency peaks: the first was before the hailfall and the second was after the hailfall, with the second peak greater than the first. The dominant polarity of the CG lightning was positive in the stage around the first frequency peak, but changed to negative in the stage around the second frequency peak. The evolution of radar echoes and the height distribution of lightning radiation sources are explored, revealing that both hailstorms had stronger convection and the main positive charge occurred at mid levels during the stage around the first frequency peak. However, whilst the Beijing hailstorm experienced the enhancement of convection, with the main positive charge at upper levels around the second frequency peak, the Tianjin hailstorm generated its second frequency peak during the period when the convection kept weakening and the main positive charge dropped to mid–lower levels. Through evaluation of the radar parameters, we investigate the mechanisms responsible for the second stage of active lightning discharge. Furthermore, the lightning activity exhibited a close relationship with radar echo parameters and hailfall. Lightning jump signals were found before the hailfall and were associated with the change ratio of the 40-dBZ echo volume above the −15°C level, which demonstrates the application value of lightning data in severe weather warning. Two hailstorms that occurred in Beijing and Tianjin, respectively, are investigated, based mainly on the total lightning data observed by the System d'Alerte Fondre par Interferometric Radioelecctrique (SAFIR3000), the cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning data of a CG lightning location system, and the echo data of a Doppler radar. Both hailstorms exhibited two lightning frequency peaks: the first was before the hailfall and the second was after the hailfall, with the second peak greater than the first. The dominant polarity of the CG lightning was positive in the stage around the first frequency peak, but changed to negative in the stage around the second frequency peak. The evolution of radar echoes and the height distribution of lightning radiation sources are explored, revealing that both hailstorms had stronger convection and the main positive charge occurred at mid levels during the stage around the first frequency peak. However, whilst the Beijing hailstorm experienced the enhancement of convection, with the main positive charge at upper levels around the second frequency peak, the Tianjin hailstorm generated its second frequency peak during the period when the convection kept weakening and the main positive charge dropped to mid-lower levels. Through evaluation of the radar parameters, we investigate the mechanisms responsible for the second stage of active lightning discharge. Furthermore, the lightning activity exhibited a close relationship with radar echo parameters and hailfall. Lightning jump signals were found before the hailfall and were associated with the change ratio of the 40-dBZ echo volume above the -15 degree C level, which demonstrates the application value of lightning data in severe weather warning. Two hailstorms that occurred in Beijing and Tianjin, respectively, are investigated, based mainly on the total lightning data observed by the System d’Alerte Fondre par Interferometric Radioelecctrique (SAFIR3000), the cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning data of a CG lightning location system, and the echo data of a Doppler radar. Both hailstorms exhibited two lightning frequency peaks: the first was before the hailfall and the second was after the hailfall, with the second peak greater than the first. The dominant po-larity of the CG lightning was positive in the stage around the first frequency peak, but changed to negative in the stage around the second frequency peak. The evolution of radar echoes and the height distribution of lightning radiation sources are explored, revealing that both hailstorms had stronger convection and the main positive charge occurred at mid levels during the stage around the first frequency peak. However, whilst the Beijing hailstorm experienced the enhancement of convection, with the main positive charge at upper levels around the second frequency peak, the Tianjin hailstorm generated its second frequency peak during the period when the convection kept weakening and the main positive charge dropped to mid–lower levels. Through evaluation of the radar parameters, we investigate the mechanisms responsible for the second stage of active lightning discharge. Furthermore, the lightning activity exhibited a close relationship with radar echo parameters and hailfall. Lightning jump signals were found before the hailfall and were associated with the change ratio of the 40-dBZ echo volume above the–15℃level, which demonstrates the application value of lightning data in severe weather warning. Two hailstorms that occurred in Beijing and Tianjin,respectively,are investigated,based mainly on the total lightning data observed by the System d＇Alerte Fondre par Interferometric Radioelecctrique（SAFIR3000）,the cloud-to-ground（CG） lightning data of a CG lightning location system,and the echo data of a Doppler radar.Both hailstorms exhibited two lightning frequency peaks：the first was before the hailfall and the second was after the hailfall,with the second peak greater than the first.The dominant polarity of the CG lightning was positive in the stage around the first frequency peak,but changed to negative in the stage around the second frequency peak.The evolution of radar echoes and the height distribution of lightning radiation sources are explored,revealing that both hailstorms had stronger convection and the main positive charge occurred at mid levels during the stage around the first frequency peak.However,whilst the Beijing hailstorm experienced the enhancement of convection,with the main positive charge at upper levels around the second frequency peak,the Tianjin hailstorm generated its second frequency peak during the period when the convection kept weakening and the main positive charge dropped to mid-lower levels.Through evaluation of the radar parameters,we investigate the mechanisms responsible for the second stage of active lightning discharge.Furthermore,the lightning activity exhibited a close relationship with radar echo parameters and hailfall.Lightning jump signals were found before the hailfall and were associated with the change ratio of the 40-dBZ echo volume above the-15℃ level,which demonstrates the application value of lightning data in severe weather warning. |
| Author | 徐爽 郑栋 王咏青 胡鹏宇 |
| AuthorAffiliation | School of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University of Information Science ＆ Technology, Nanjing 210044 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081 Liaoning Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning Center, Shenyang 110166 Shenyang Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110168 |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1175/2009MWR3210.1 10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.11.035 10.1175/2007BAMS2352.1 10.1029/1999GL010856 10.1029/96JD01803 10.1029/2003JD003669 10.1175/WAF-D-14-00132.1 10.1029/91JD00970 10.1029/00EO00014 10.1029/JD090iD04p06059 10.1175/1520-0469(1955)012<0001:TDADOT>2.0.CO;2 10.1002/qj.49710946111 10.1007/s00376-015-5124-5 10.1175/1520-0469(1978)035<1536:REAACG>2.0.CO;2 10.1175/MWR2994.1 10.1175/2006MWR1953.1 10.1007/s11430-007-2063-8 10.1029/2000GL011464 10.1175/2009JTECHA1286.1 10.1029/JC086iC10p09900 10.1175/1520-0469(1960)017<0015:RIOAPL>2.0.CO;2 10.1007/s00376-010-0001-8 10.1029/98JD00153 10.1007/s13351-013-0212-x 10.1016/S0169-8095(99)00011-3 10.1007/s13351-014-3061-3 |
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| Copyright | The Chinese Meteorological Society and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Copyright © Wanfang Data Co. Ltd. All Rights Reserved. |
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| DocumentTitleAlternate | Characteristics of the Two Active Stages of Lightning Activity in Two Hailstorms |
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| Notes | Two hailstorms that occurred in Beijing and Tianjin,respectively,are investigated,based mainly on the total lightning data observed by the System d＇Alerte Fondre par Interferometric Radioelecctrique（SAFIR3000）,the cloud-to-ground（CG） lightning data of a CG lightning location system,and the echo data of a Doppler radar.Both hailstorms exhibited two lightning frequency peaks：the first was before the hailfall and the second was after the hailfall,with the second peak greater than the first.The dominant polarity of the CG lightning was positive in the stage around the first frequency peak,but changed to negative in the stage around the second frequency peak.The evolution of radar echoes and the height distribution of lightning radiation sources are explored,revealing that both hailstorms had stronger convection and the main positive charge occurred at mid levels during the stage around the first frequency peak.However,whilst the Beijing hailstorm experienced the enhancement of convection,with the main positive charge at upper levels around the second frequency peak,the Tianjin hailstorm generated its second frequency peak during the period when the convection kept weakening and the main positive charge dropped to mid-lower levels.Through evaluation of the radar parameters,we investigate the mechanisms responsible for the second stage of active lightning discharge.Furthermore,the lightning activity exhibited a close relationship with radar echo parameters and hailfall.Lightning jump signals were found before the hailfall and were associated with the change ratio of the 40-dBZ echo volume above the-15℃ level,which demonstrates the application value of lightning data in severe weather warning. 11-2277/P hailstorm; total lightning; electric structure XU Shuang,ZHENG Dong,WANG Yongqing,HU Pengyu（ 1 School of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University of Information Science ＆ Technology, Nanjing 210044 ;2 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081 ;3 Liaoning Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning Center, Shenyang 110166 ;4 Shenyang Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110168） ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
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| Snippet | Two hailstorms that occurred in Beijing and Tianjin,respectively,are investigated,based mainly on the total lightning data observed by the System d＇Alerte... Two hailstorms that occurred in Beijing and Tianjin, respectively, are investigated, based mainly on the total lightning data observed by the System d’Alerte... Two hailstorms that occurred in Beijing and Tianjin, respectively, are investigated, based mainly on the total lightning data observed by the System d'Alerte... |
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| SubjectTerms | Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Atmospheric Sciences Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Geophysics and Environmental Physics Meteorology 回波数据 多普勒雷达 峰值频率 段特征 闪电定位系统 雷电数据 雷电活动 雹暴 |
| Title | Characteristics of the Two Active Stages of Lightning Activity in Two Hailstorms |
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