Mycoplasma pneumonia Infection Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Nationwide, Retrospective Cohort Study

Infections may play a role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To assess the link between ( ) infection and the incidence of SLE. We conducted a retrospective cohort study, which identified 116,043 hospitalized patients with between 2000 and 2012 from the Taiwan National Health...

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Published inFrontiers in microbiology Vol. 13; p. 815136
Main Authors Chu, Kuo-An, Ou, Ting-Yun, Hung, Wei-Hsin, Sung, Jie, Chen, Weishan, Lin, Cheng-Li, Hung, Yao-Min, Wei, James Cheng-Chung
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 21.04.2022
Subjects
autoimmune disease
cohort study
Microbiology
Mycoplasma pneumonia infection
risk factor
systemic lupus erythematosus
Mycoplasma pneumonia infection
systemic lupus erythematosus
cohort study
autoimmune disease
risk factor
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Abstract Infections may play a role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To assess the link between ( ) infection and the incidence of SLE. We conducted a retrospective cohort study, which identified 116,043 hospitalized patients with between 2000 and 2012 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and compared them with 447,839 matched inpatients who had never been diagnosed with infection (at a 1:4 ratio, matched by age, gender, and index year). Their comparative risk of developing SLE was evaluated. The follow-up period was defined as the time from the initial diagnosis of infection to the date of SLE diagnosis, or December 31, 2013. The incidence rates of SLE were assessed in people with and without infection. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with the uninfected group used as the reference. The adjusted HR of SLE for the group was 2.97 with 95% CI = 2.18-4.05 compared with the uninfected group. The risk was most significantly higher within 0.5 years after the infection with an adjusted HR of 6.18 (95% CI = 3.82-9.97, < 0.01). The adjusted HR for SLE from 0.5 to 2 years and from 2 to 5 years after infection was 1.59 (95% CI = 0.70-3.59, = 0.27) and 2.42 (95% CI = 1.22-4.81, = 0.01), respectively. The incidence of SLE was significantly higher in subjects infected with .
AbstractList BackgroundInfections may play a role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). ObjectiveTo assess the link between Mycoplasma pneumonia (M. pneumonia) infection and the incidence of SLE. MethodWe conducted a retrospective cohort study, which identified 116,043 hospitalized patients with M. pneumoniae between 2000 and 2012 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and compared them with 447,839 matched inpatients who had never been diagnosed with M. pneumonia infection (at a 1:4 ratio, matched by age, gender, and index year). Their comparative risk of developing SLE was evaluated. The follow-up period was defined as the time from the initial diagnosis of M. pneumonia infection to the date of SLE diagnosis, or December 31, 2013. The incidence rates of SLE were assessed in people with and without M. pneumoniae infection. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with the uninfected group used as the reference. ResultsThe adjusted HR of SLE for the M. pneumoniae group was 2.97 with 95% CI = 2.18-4.05 compared with the uninfected group. The risk was most significantly higher within 0.5 years after the M. pneumoniae infection with an adjusted HR of 6.18 (95% CI = 3.82-9.97, p < 0.01). The adjusted HR for SLE from 0.5 to 2 years and from 2 to 5 years after M. pneumoniae infection was 1.59 (95% CI = 0.70-3.59, p = 0.27) and 2.42 (95% CI = 1.22-4.81, p = 0.01), respectively. ConclusionThe incidence of SLE was significantly higher in subjects infected with M. pneumoniae.
Infections may play a role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To assess the link between ( ) infection and the incidence of SLE. We conducted a retrospective cohort study, which identified 116,043 hospitalized patients with between 2000 and 2012 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and compared them with 447,839 matched inpatients who had never been diagnosed with infection (at a 1:4 ratio, matched by age, gender, and index year). Their comparative risk of developing SLE was evaluated. The follow-up period was defined as the time from the initial diagnosis of infection to the date of SLE diagnosis, or December 31, 2013. The incidence rates of SLE were assessed in people with and without infection. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with the uninfected group used as the reference. The adjusted HR of SLE for the group was 2.97 with 95% CI = 2.18-4.05 compared with the uninfected group. The risk was most significantly higher within 0.5 years after the infection with an adjusted HR of 6.18 (95% CI = 3.82-9.97, < 0.01). The adjusted HR for SLE from 0.5 to 2 years and from 2 to 5 years after infection was 1.59 (95% CI = 0.70-3.59, = 0.27) and 2.42 (95% CI = 1.22-4.81, = 0.01), respectively. The incidence of SLE was significantly higher in subjects infected with .
Background Infections may play a role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Objective To assess the link between Mycoplasma pneumonia ( M. pneumonia ) infection and the incidence of SLE. Method We conducted a retrospective cohort study, which identified 116,043 hospitalized patients with M. pneumoniae between 2000 and 2012 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and compared them with 447,839 matched inpatients who had never been diagnosed with M. pneumonia infection (at a 1:4 ratio, matched by age, gender, and index year). Their comparative risk of developing SLE was evaluated. The follow-up period was defined as the time from the initial diagnosis of M. pneumonia infection to the date of SLE diagnosis, or December 31, 2013. The incidence rates of SLE were assessed in people with and without M. pneumoniae infection. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with the uninfected group used as the reference. Results The adjusted HR of SLE for the M. pneumoniae group was 2.97 with 95% CI = 2.18–4.05 compared with the uninfected group. The risk was most significantly higher within 0.5 years after the M. pneumoniae infection with an adjusted HR of 6.18 (95% CI = 3.82–9.97, p < 0.01). The adjusted HR for SLE from 0.5 to 2 years and from 2 to 5 years after M. pneumoniae infection was 1.59 (95% CI = 0.70–3.59, p = 0.27) and 2.42 (95% CI = 1.22–4.81, p = 0.01), respectively. Conclusion The incidence of SLE was significantly higher in subjects infected with M. pneumoniae .
Author Ou, Ting-Yun
Hung, Wei-Hsin
Sung, Jie
Lin, Cheng-Li
Hung, Yao-Min
Wei, James Cheng-Chung
Chen, Weishan
Chu, Kuo-An
AuthorAffiliation 11 Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
7 College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University , Pingtung , Taiwan
8 School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan
5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
1 Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
6 Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
4 Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
3 Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
2 Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
10 Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
9 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung , Taiw
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Keywords Mycoplasma pneumonia infection
systemic lupus erythematosus
cohort study
autoimmune disease
risk factor
Language English
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Edited by: Ibrahim M. Sayed, Assiut University, Egypt
These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
This article was submitted to Infectious Agents and Disease, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology
Reviewed by: Mohamed Ahmed El-Mokhtar, Assiut University, Egypt; Sayed F. Abdelwahab, Minia University, Egypt
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Snippet Infections may play a role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To assess the link between ( ) infection and the incidence of SLE. We...
Background Infections may play a role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Objective To assess the link between Mycoplasma pneumonia ( M....
BackgroundInfections may play a role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). ObjectiveTo assess the link between Mycoplasma pneumonia (M....
BackgroundInfections may play a role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).ObjectiveTo assess the link between Mycoplasma pneumonia (M....
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SubjectTerms autoimmune disease
cohort study
Microbiology
Mycoplasma pneumonia infection
risk factor
systemic lupus erythematosus
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Title Mycoplasma pneumonia Infection Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Nationwide, Retrospective Cohort Study
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35531287
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Volume 13
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