Insights into the Physiological and Biochemical Impacts of Salt Stress on Plant Growth and Development

Climate change is causing soil salinization, resulting in crop losses throughout the world. The ability of plants to tolerate salt stress is determined by multiple biochemical and molecular pathways. Here we discuss physiological, biochemical, and cellular modulations in plants in response to salt s...

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Published inAgronomy (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 7; p. 938
Main Authors Shahid, Muhammad Adnan, Sarkhosh, Ali, Khan, Naeem, Balal, Rashad Mukhtar, Ali, Shahid, Rossi, Lorenzo, Gómez, Celina, Mattson, Neil, Nasim, Wajid, Garcia-Sanchez, Francisco
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published MDPI AG 01.07.2020
Subjects
abiotic stresses
Analysis
cell membrane stability
Climate change
Gibberellins
Khan, Naeem
osmolytes
Physiological aspects
Plant genetics
polyamines
Soil salinity
Stress (Psychology)
India
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Abstract Climate change is causing soil salinization, resulting in crop losses throughout the world. The ability of plants to tolerate salt stress is determined by multiple biochemical and molecular pathways. Here we discuss physiological, biochemical, and cellular modulations in plants in response to salt stress. Knowledge of these modulations can assist in assessing salt tolerance potential and the mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance in plants. Salinity-induced cellular damage is highly correlated with generation of reactive oxygen species, ionic imbalance, osmotic damage, and reduced relative water content. Accelerated antioxidant activities and osmotic adjustment by the formation of organic and inorganic osmolytes are significant and effective salinity tolerance mechanisms for crop plants. In addition, polyamines improve salt tolerance by regulating various physiological mechanisms, including rhizogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, maintenance of cell pH, and ionic homeostasis. This research project focuses on three strategies to augment salinity tolerance capacity in agricultural crops: salinity-induced alterations in signaling pathways; signaling of phytohormones, ion channels, and biosensors; and expression of ion transporter genes in crop plants (especially in comparison to halophytes).
AbstractList Climate change is causing soil salinization, resulting in crop losses throughout the world. The ability of plants to tolerate salt stress is determined by multiple biochemical and molecular pathways. Here we discuss physiological, biochemical, and cellular modulations in plants in response to salt stress. Knowledge of these modulations can assist in assessing salt tolerance potential and the mechanisms underlying salinity tolerance in plants. Salinity-induced cellular damage is highly correlated with generation of reactive oxygen species, ionic imbalance, osmotic damage, and reduced relative water content. Accelerated antioxidant activities and osmotic adjustment by the formation of organic and inorganic osmolytes are significant and effective salinity tolerance mechanisms for crop plants. In addition, polyamines improve salt tolerance by regulating various physiological mechanisms, including rhizogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, maintenance of cell pH, and ionic homeostasis. This research project focuses on three strategies to augment salinity tolerance capacity in agricultural crops: salinity-induced alterations in signaling pathways; signaling of phytohormones, ion channels, and biosensors; and expression of ion transporter genes in crop plants (especially in comparison to halophytes).
Audience Academic
Author Sarkhosh, Ali
Gómez, Celina
Khan, Naeem
Mattson, Neil
Rossi, Lorenzo
Ali, Shahid
Balal, Rashad Mukhtar
Shahid, Muhammad Adnan
Garcia-Sanchez, Francisco
Nasim, Wajid
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RelatedPersons Khan, Naeem
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Snippet Climate change is causing soil salinization, resulting in crop losses throughout the world. The ability of plants to tolerate salt stress is determined by...
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SubjectTerms abiotic stresses
Analysis
cell membrane stability
Climate change
Gibberellins
Khan, Naeem
osmolytes
Physiological aspects
Plant genetics
polyamines
Soil salinity
Stress (Psychology)
Title Insights into the Physiological and Biochemical Impacts of Salt Stress on Plant Growth and Development
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