Constraints on the Assembly History of the Milky Way's Smooth, Diffuse Stellar Halo from the Metallicity-dependent, Radially Dominated Velocity Anisotropy Profiles Probed with K Giants and BHB Stars Using LAMOST, SDSS/SEGUE, and Gaia

We analyze the anisotropy profile of the Milky Way’s smooth, diffuse stellar halo using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) SEGUE blue horizontal branch stars and the SDSS/SEGUE and LAMOST K giants. These intrinsically luminous stars allow us to probe the halo to approximately 100 kpc from the Galac...

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Published inThe Astrophysical journal Vol. 919; no. 1; pp. 66 - 92
Main Authors Bird, Sarah A., Xue, Xiang-Xiang, Liu, Chao, Shen, Juntai, Flynn, Chris, Yang, Chengqun, Zhao, Gang, Tian, Hai-Jun
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Philadelphia The American Astronomical Society 01.09.2021
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Abstract We analyze the anisotropy profile of the Milky Way’s smooth, diffuse stellar halo using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) SEGUE blue horizontal branch stars and the SDSS/SEGUE and LAMOST K giants. These intrinsically luminous stars allow us to probe the halo to approximately 100 kpc from the Galactic center. Line-of-sight velocities, distances, metallicities, and proper motions are available for all stars via SDSS/SEGUE, LAMOST, and Gaia, and we use these data to construct a full 7D set consisting of positions, space motions, and metallicity. We remove substructure from our samples using integrals of motion based on the method of Xue et al. We find radially dominated kinematic profiles with nearly constant anisotropy within 20 kpc, beyond which the anisotropy profile gently declines but remains radially dominated to the farthest extents of our sample. Independent of star type or substructure removal, the anisotropy depends on metallicity, such that the orbits of the stars become less radial with decreasing metallicity. For −1.7 < [Fe/H] < −1, the smooth, diffuse halo anisotropy profile begins to decline at Galactocentric distances ∼20 kpc, from β ∼ 0.9 to 0.7 for K giants and from β ∼ 0.8 to 0.1 for blue horizontal branch stars. For [Fe/H] < −1.7, the smooth, diffuse halo anisotropy remains constant along all distances with 0.2 < β < 0.7 depending on the metallicity range probed, but independent of star type. These samples are ideal for estimating the total Galactic mass as they represent the virialized stellar halo system.
AbstractList We analyze the anisotropy profile of the Milky Way’s smooth, diffuse stellar halo using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) SEGUE blue horizontal branch stars and the SDSS/SEGUE and LAMOST K giants. These intrinsically luminous stars allow us to probe the halo to approximately 100 kpc from the Galactic center. Line-of-sight velocities, distances, metallicities, and proper motions are available for all stars via SDSS/SEGUE, LAMOST, and Gaia, and we use these data to construct a full 7D set consisting of positions, space motions, and metallicity. We remove substructure from our samples using integrals of motion based on the method of Xue et al. We find radially dominated kinematic profiles with nearly constant anisotropy within 20 kpc, beyond which the anisotropy profile gently declines but remains radially dominated to the farthest extents of our sample. Independent of star type or substructure removal, the anisotropy depends on metallicity, such that the orbits of the stars become less radial with decreasing metallicity. For −1.7 < [Fe/H] < −1, the smooth, diffuse halo anisotropy profile begins to decline at Galactocentric distances ∼20 kpc, from \(\beta \sim 0.9\) to 0.7 for K giants and from \(\beta \sim 0.8\) to 0.1 for blue horizontal branch stars. For [Fe/H] < −1.7, the smooth, diffuse halo anisotropy remains constant along all distances with \(0.2\lt \beta \lt 0.7\) depending on the metallicity range probed, but independent of star type. These samples are ideal for estimating the total Galactic mass as they represent the virialized stellar halo system.
We analyze the anisotropy profile of the Milky Way’s smooth, diffuse stellar halo using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) SEGUE blue horizontal branch stars and the SDSS/SEGUE and LAMOST K giants. These intrinsically luminous stars allow us to probe the halo to approximately 100 kpc from the Galactic center. Line-of-sight velocities, distances, metallicities, and proper motions are available for all stars via SDSS/SEGUE, LAMOST, and Gaia, and we use these data to construct a full 7D set consisting of positions, space motions, and metallicity. We remove substructure from our samples using integrals of motion based on the method of Xue et al. We find radially dominated kinematic profiles with nearly constant anisotropy within 20 kpc, beyond which the anisotropy profile gently declines but remains radially dominated to the farthest extents of our sample. Independent of star type or substructure removal, the anisotropy depends on metallicity, such that the orbits of the stars become less radial with decreasing metallicity. For −1.7 < [Fe/H] < −1, the smooth, diffuse halo anisotropy profile begins to decline at Galactocentric distances ∼20 kpc, from β ∼ 0.9 to 0.7 for K giants and from β ∼ 0.8 to 0.1 for blue horizontal branch stars. For [Fe/H] < −1.7, the smooth, diffuse halo anisotropy remains constant along all distances with 0.2 < β < 0.7 depending on the metallicity range probed, but independent of star type. These samples are ideal for estimating the total Galactic mass as they represent the virialized stellar halo system.
Author Liu, Chao
Shen, Juntai
Yang, Chengqun
Bird, Sarah A.
Flynn, Chris
Zhao, Gang
Tian, Hai-Jun
Xue, Xiang-Xiang
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  organization: ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), Australia
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  organization: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Science, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
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  organization: China Three Gorges University Center for Astronomy and Space Sciences, Yichang 443002, People's Republic of China
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SubjectTerms Anisotropy
Astrophysics
Galactic mass
Horizontal branch stars
Metallicity
Milky Way
Milky Way stellar halo
Sky surveys (astronomy)
Title Constraints on the Assembly History of the Milky Way's Smooth, Diffuse Stellar Halo from the Metallicity-dependent, Radially Dominated Velocity Anisotropy Profiles Probed with K Giants and BHB Stars Using LAMOST, SDSS/SEGUE, and Gaia
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