Variability in Protoplanetary Nebulae. IX. Evidence for Evolution in a Decade

• Published in: The Astrophysical journal Vol. 939; no. 1; pp. 32 - 50
• Main Authors: Hrivnak, Bruce J., Lu, Wenxian, Bakke, William C., Grimm, Peyton J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia The American Astronomical Society 01.11.2022; IOP Publishing
• Subjects: Astrophysics; Carbon stars; Circumstellar dust; Cosmic dust; Evolved stars; High temperature; Late stellar evolution; Light curve; Multi-periodic variable stars; Nebulae; Opacity; Planetary evolution; Planetary nebulae; Post-asymptotic giant branch stars; Protoplanetary nebulae; Pulsating variable stars; Pulsation; Sky surveys (astronomy); Stars; Stellar evolution; Stellar pulsations; Supernovae; Variability

We have carried out a new photometric V,R C study of 12 protoplanetary nebulae, objects in the short-lived transition between the asymptotic giant branch and planetary nebula phases of stellar evolution. These had been the subjects of an earlier study, using data from 1994−2007, that found that all...