The impact of torture on interpersonal threat and reward neurocircuitry
Torture adversely influences emotional functioning, but the neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning its impact are unknown. This study examined how torture exposure affects the neural substrates of interpersonal threat and reward processing. Male refugees with ( = 31) and without ( = 27) tortur...
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Published in | Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry Vol. 55; no. 2; p. 153 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
01.02.2021
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get more information |
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Abstract | Torture adversely influences emotional functioning, but the neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning its impact are unknown. This study examined how torture exposure affects the neural substrates of interpersonal threat and reward processing.
Male refugees with (
= 31) and without (
= 27) torture exposure completed a clinical interview and functional magnetic resonance imaging scan where they viewed fear, happy and neutral faces. Between-group activations and neural coupling were examined as moderated by posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and cumulative trauma load.
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and trauma load significantly moderated group differences in brain activation and connectivity patterns. Torture survivors deactivated the ventral striatum during happy processing compared to non-torture survivor controls as a function of increased posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity - particularly avoidance symptoms. The ventral striatum was more strongly coupled with the inferior frontal gyrus in torture survivors. Torture survivors also showed left hippocampal deactivation to both fear and happy faces, moderated by trauma load, compared to controls. Stronger coupling between the hippocampus and frontal, temporoparietal and subcortical regions during fear processing was observed, with pathways being predicted by avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms.
Torture exposure was associated with distinct brain activity and connectivity patterns during threat and reward processing, dependent on trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity. Torture appears to affect emotional brain functioning, and findings have the potential to guide more targeted interventions for torture survivors. |
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AbstractList | Torture adversely influences emotional functioning, but the neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning its impact are unknown. This study examined how torture exposure affects the neural substrates of interpersonal threat and reward processing.
Male refugees with (
= 31) and without (
= 27) torture exposure completed a clinical interview and functional magnetic resonance imaging scan where they viewed fear, happy and neutral faces. Between-group activations and neural coupling were examined as moderated by posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and cumulative trauma load.
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and trauma load significantly moderated group differences in brain activation and connectivity patterns. Torture survivors deactivated the ventral striatum during happy processing compared to non-torture survivor controls as a function of increased posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity - particularly avoidance symptoms. The ventral striatum was more strongly coupled with the inferior frontal gyrus in torture survivors. Torture survivors also showed left hippocampal deactivation to both fear and happy faces, moderated by trauma load, compared to controls. Stronger coupling between the hippocampus and frontal, temporoparietal and subcortical regions during fear processing was observed, with pathways being predicted by avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms.
Torture exposure was associated with distinct brain activity and connectivity patterns during threat and reward processing, dependent on trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity. Torture appears to affect emotional brain functioning, and findings have the potential to guide more targeted interventions for torture survivors. |
Author | Askovic, Mirjana Malhi, Gin S Liddell, Belinda Nickerson, Angela Das, Pritha Cheung, Jessica Coello, Mariano Outhred, Tim Felmingham, Kim L Aroche, Jorge Bryant, Richard A Den, Miriam |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Belinda orcidid: 0000-0002-8036-5864 surname: Liddell fullname: Liddell, Belinda organization: School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia – sequence: 2 givenname: Gin S orcidid: 0000-0002-4524-9091 surname: Malhi fullname: Malhi, Gin S organization: CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065 Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: Kim L surname: Felmingham fullname: Felmingham, Kim L organization: School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia – sequence: 4 givenname: Jessica surname: Cheung fullname: Cheung, Jessica organization: School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia – sequence: 5 givenname: Tim surname: Outhred fullname: Outhred, Tim organization: CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065 Australia – sequence: 6 givenname: Pritha surname: Das fullname: Das, Pritha organization: CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW 2065 Australia – sequence: 7 givenname: Angela surname: Nickerson fullname: Nickerson, Angela organization: School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia – sequence: 8 givenname: Miriam surname: Den fullname: Den, Miriam organization: School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia – sequence: 9 givenname: Mirjana surname: Askovic fullname: Askovic, Mirjana organization: NSW Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors (STARTTS), Sydney Australia – sequence: 10 givenname: Mariano surname: Coello fullname: Coello, Mariano organization: NSW Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors (STARTTS), Sydney Australia – sequence: 11 givenname: Jorge surname: Aroche fullname: Aroche, Jorge organization: NSW Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors (STARTTS), Sydney Australia – sequence: 12 givenname: Richard A orcidid: 0000-0002-9607-819X surname: Bryant fullname: Bryant, Richard A organization: School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia |
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Keywords | reward Torture refugee functional magnetic resonance imaging fear posttraumatic stress disorder |
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Title | The impact of torture on interpersonal threat and reward neurocircuitry |
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