Evaluation of Nicotine and the Components of e-Liquids Generated from e-Cigarette Aerosols
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) deliver nicotine in an aerosol to the user that simulates the smoke of traditional cigarettes purportedly without the pathology of inhaling tobacco smoke due to the absence of combustion. Advanced versions of e-cigs enable the user to potentially moderate the concentra...
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Published in | Journal of analytical toxicology Vol. 42; no. 8; pp. 537 - 543 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
Oxford University Press
01.10.2018
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Subjects | |
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Abstract | Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) deliver nicotine in an aerosol to the user that simulates the smoke of traditional cigarettes purportedly without the pathology of inhaling tobacco smoke due to the absence of combustion. Advanced versions of e-cigs enable the user to potentially moderate the concentration of drug in the aerosol by selecting from a range of voltages on the power supply. A method was developed to trap the aerosol produced by a KangerTech AeroTank, 1.8 Ω preassembled atomizer in order to analyze the concentration of nicotine and to evaluate the constituents of the aerosol at various voltages on the power supply. A 12-mg/mL formulation of nicotine in 50:50 propylene glycol (PG):vegetable glycerin (VG) was used to produce aerosol at 3.9, 4.3 and 4.7 V. The aerosol was trapped in a simple glass assemblage and analyzed by a 3200 Q Trap HPLC-MS-MS. The dose of nicotine delivered in the aerosol at 3.9, 4.3 and 4.7 V was determined to be 88 ± 12 μg, 91 ± 15 μg and 125 ± 22 μg. The average recovery of nicotine in the trap across the voltages was 99.8%. The glass trap system was an effective device for collecting the aerosol for analysis and an increase in drug yield was observed with increasing voltage from the power supply on the e-cig. The glass trap system was also used in combination with a 100-μm solid-phase microextraction fiber to capture the aerosol and analyze it via DART-MS and GC-MS. Four commercial e-liquids labeled to contain nicotine were aerosolized at 4.3 V. The pharmacologically active ingredient, nicotine, as well as PG, VG and a number of flavoring agents found in these formulations were identified. |
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AbstractList | Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) deliver nicotine in an aerosol to the user that simulates the smoke of traditional cigarettes purportedly without the pathology of inhaling tobacco smoke due to the absence of combustion. Advanced versions of e-cigs enable the user to potentially moderate the concentration of drug in the aerosol by selecting from a range of voltages on the power supply. A method was developed to trap the aerosol produced by a KangerTech AeroTank, 1.8 Ω preassembled atomizer in order to analyze the concentration of nicotine and to evaluate the constituents of the aerosol at various voltages on the power supply. A 12-mg/mL formulation of nicotine in 50:50 propylene glycol (PG):vegetable glycerin (VG) was used to produce aerosol at 3.9, 4.3 and 4.7 V. The aerosol was trapped in a simple glass assemblage and analyzed by a 3200 Q Trap HPLC-MS-MS. The dose of nicotine delivered in the aerosol at 3.9, 4.3 and 4.7 V was determined to be 88 ± 12 μg, 91 ± 15 μg and 125 ± 22 μg. The average recovery of nicotine in the trap across the voltages was 99.8%. The glass trap system was an effective device for collecting the aerosol for analysis and an increase in drug yield was observed with increasing voltage from the power supply on the e-cig. The glass trap system was also used in combination with a 100-μm solid-phase microextraction fiber to capture the aerosol and analyze it via DART-MS and GC-MS. Four commercial e-liquids labeled to contain nicotine were aerosolized at 4.3 V. The pharmacologically active ingredient, nicotine, as well as PG, VG and a number of flavoring agents found in these formulations were identified. |
Author | Mulder, Haley A Baird, Tyson R Poklis, Alphonse Poklis, Justin L Stone, Joseph W Peace, Michelle R Butler, Karen E Friedrich, Alaina K Turner, Joseph B McGee |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA 4 Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA 2 Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA – name: 4 Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA – name: 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA – name: 1 Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Michelle R surname: Peace fullname: Peace, Michelle R organization: Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Haley A surname: Mulder fullname: Mulder, Haley A organization: Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Tyson R surname: Baird fullname: Baird, Tyson R organization: Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Karen E surname: Butler fullname: Butler, Karen E organization: Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Alaina K surname: Friedrich fullname: Friedrich, Alaina K organization: Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Joseph W surname: Stone fullname: Stone, Joseph W organization: Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Joseph B McGee surname: Turner fullname: Turner, Joseph B McGee organization: Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Alphonse surname: Poklis fullname: Poklis, Alphonse organization: Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Justin L surname: Poklis fullname: Poklis, Justin L organization: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA |
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Snippet | Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) deliver nicotine in an aerosol to the user that simulates the smoke of traditional cigarettes purportedly without the pathology... |
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SubjectTerms | Aerosols - chemistry Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems - standards Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Nicotine - analysis Solid Phase Microextraction |
Title | Evaluation of Nicotine and the Components of e-Liquids Generated from e-Cigarette Aerosols |
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