Tight coordination of aerial flight maneuvers and sonar call production in insectivorous bats
Echolocating bats face the challenge of coordinating flight kinematics with the production of echolocation signals used to guide navigation. Previous studies of bat flight have focused on kinematics of fruit and nectar-feeding bats, often in wind tunnels with limited maneuvering, and without analysi...
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Published in | Journal of experimental biology Vol. 218; no. Pt 22; pp. 3678 - 3688 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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The Company of Biologists
01.11.2015
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Abstract | Echolocating bats face the challenge of coordinating flight kinematics with the production of echolocation signals used to guide navigation. Previous studies of bat flight have focused on kinematics of fruit and nectar-feeding bats, often in wind tunnels with limited maneuvering, and without analysis of echolocation behavior. In this study, we engaged insectivorous big brown bats in a task requiring simultaneous turning and climbing flight, and used synchronized high-speed motion-tracking cameras and audio recordings to quantify the animals' coordination of wing kinematics and echolocation. Bats varied flight speed, turn rate, climb rate and wingbeat rate as they navigated around obstacles, and they adapted their sonar signals in patterning, duration and frequency in relation to the timing of flight maneuvers. We found that bats timed the emission of sonar calls with the upstroke phase of the wingbeat cycle in straight flight, and that this relationship changed when bats turned to navigate obstacles. We also characterized the unsteadiness of climbing and turning flight, as well as the relationship between speed and kinematic parameters. Adaptations in the bats' echolocation call frequency suggest changes in beam width and sonar field of view in relation to obstacles and flight behavior. By characterizing flight and sonar behaviors in an insectivorous bat species, we find evidence of exquisitely tight coordination of sensory and motor systems for obstacle navigation and insect capture. |
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AbstractList | Echolocating bats face the challenge of coordinating flight kinematics with the production of echolocation signals used to guide navigation. Previous studies of bat flight have focused on kinematics of fruit and nectar-feeding bats, often in wind tunnels with limited maneuvering, and without analysis of echolocation behavior. In this study, we engaged insectivorous big brown bats in a task requiring simultaneous turning and climbing flight, and used synchronized high-speed motion-tracking cameras and audio recordings to quantify the animals' coordination of wing kinematics and echolocation. Bats varied flight speed, turn rate, climb rate and wingbeat rate as they navigated around obstacles, and they adapted their sonar signals in patterning, duration and frequency in relation to the timing of flight maneuvers. We found that bats timed the emission of sonar calls with the upstroke phase of the wingbeat cycle in straight flight, and that this relationship changed when bats turned to navigate obstacles. We also characterized the unsteadiness of climbing and turning flight, as well as the relationship between speed and kinematic parameters. Adaptations in the bats' echolocation call frequency suggest changes in beam width and sonar field of view in relation to obstacles and flight behavior. By characterizing flight and sonar behaviors in an insectivorous bat species, we find evidence of exquisitely tight coordination of sensory and motor systems for obstacle navigation and insect capture.
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Flight kinematics and adaptive sonar behavior in insectivorous, echolocating bats engaged in climbing and turning flight reveal tight coordination of adaptive flight and vocal motor systems. Echolocating bats face the challenge of coordinating flight kinematics with the production of echolocation signals used to guide navigation. Previous studies of bat flight have focused on kinematics of fruit and nectar-feeding bats, often in wind tunnels with limited maneuvering, and without analysis of echolocation behavior. In this study, we engaged insectivorous big brown bats in a task requiring simultaneous turning and climbing flight, and used synchronized high-speed motion-tracking cameras and audio recordings to quantify the animals' coordination of wing kinematics and echolocation. Bats varied flight speed, turn rate, climb rate and wingbeat rate as they navigated around obstacles, and they adapted their sonar signals in patterning, duration and frequency in relation to the timing of flight maneuvers. We found that bats timed the emission of sonar calls with the upstroke phase of the wingbeat cycle in straight flight, and that this relationship changed when bats turned to navigate obstacles. We also characterized the unsteadiness of climbing and turning flight, as well as the relationship between speed and kinematic parameters. Adaptations in the bats' echolocation call frequency suggest changes in beam width and sonar field of view in relation to obstacles and flight behavior. By characterizing flight and sonar behaviors in an insectivorous bat species, we find evidence of exquisitely tight coordination of sensory and motor systems for obstacle navigation and insect capture. ABSTRACT Echolocating bats face the challenge of coordinating flight kinematics with the production of echolocation signals used to guide navigation. Previous studies of bat flight have focused on kinematics of fruit and nectar-feeding bats, often in wind tunnels with limited maneuvering, and without analysis of echolocation behavior. In this study, we engaged insectivorous big brown bats in a task requiring simultaneous turning and climbing flight, and used synchronized high-speed motion-tracking cameras and audio recordings to quantify the animals' coordination of wing kinematics and echolocation. Bats varied flight speed, turn rate, climb rate and wingbeat rate as they navigated around obstacles, and they adapted their sonar signals in patterning, duration and frequency in relation to the timing of flight maneuvers. We found that bats timed the emission of sonar calls with the upstroke phase of the wingbeat cycle in straight flight, and that this relationship changed when bats turned to navigate obstacles. We also characterized the unsteadiness of climbing and turning flight, as well as the relationship between speed and kinematic parameters. Adaptations in the bats' echolocation call frequency suggest changes in beam width and sonar field of view in relation to obstacles and flight behavior. By characterizing flight and sonar behaviors in an insectivorous bat species, we find evidence of exquisitely tight coordination of sensory and motor systems for obstacle navigation and insect capture. |
Author | Falk, Benjamin Moss, Cynthia F Kasnadi, Joseph |
AuthorAffiliation | Johns Hopkins University , 7121 Riverdale Road, Lanham, MD 20706 , USA |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Johns Hopkins University , 7121 Riverdale Road, Lanham, MD 20706 , USA |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Benjamin surname: Falk fullname: Falk, Benjamin email: falk.ben@gmail.com organization: Johns Hopkins University, 7121 Riverdale Road, Lanham, MD 20706, USA falk.ben@gmail.com – sequence: 2 givenname: Joseph surname: Kasnadi fullname: Kasnadi, Joseph organization: Johns Hopkins University, 7121 Riverdale Road, Lanham, MD 20706, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Cynthia F surname: Moss fullname: Moss, Cynthia F organization: Johns Hopkins University, 7121 Riverdale Road, Lanham, MD 20706, USA |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26582935$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1242_jeb_191155 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_robot_2017_09_002 crossref_primary_10_1242_jeb_234815 crossref_primary_10_1088_1748_3190_11_5_056008 crossref_primary_10_1093_biolinnean_blaa026 crossref_primary_10_3389_fbioe_2023_1250102 crossref_primary_10_1093_icb_icz094 crossref_primary_10_3161_15081109ACC2021_23_2_019 crossref_primary_10_1242_jeb_176537 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00359_021_01518_x crossref_primary_10_1242_jeb_133595 crossref_primary_10_1044_2023_JSLHR_23_00178 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0226689 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnbeh_2018_00013 |
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Issue | Pt 22 |
Keywords | Adaptive sonar Sensorimotor integration Turning Echolocation Climbing |
Language | English |
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Snippet | Echolocating bats face the challenge of coordinating flight kinematics with the production of echolocation signals used to guide navigation. Previous studies... ABSTRACT Echolocating bats face the challenge of coordinating flight kinematics with the production of echolocation signals used to guide navigation. Previous... |
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SubjectTerms | Animals Chiroptera - physiology Echolocation - physiology Flight, Animal Predatory Behavior - physiology Sound |
Title | Tight coordination of aerial flight maneuvers and sonar call production in insectivorous bats |
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