Thermal oxidation of dieldrin and concomitant formation of toxic products including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F)
This paper examines the gas phase thermal decomposition of dieldrin and associated formation of toxic combustion products including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F). Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) analysis revealed the formation of pentachlorostyrene (PCS), hexachlorostyrene...
Saved in:
| Published in | Chemosphere (Oxford) Vol. 225; pp. 209 - 216 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Elsevier Ltd
01.06.2019
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | This paper examines the gas phase thermal decomposition of dieldrin and associated formation of toxic combustion products including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F). Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) analysis revealed the formation of pentachlorostyrene (PCS), hexachlorostyrene (HCS) and polychlorinated naphthalene as toxic combustion products generated during the combustion of dieldrin. The thermal pyrolysis of dieldrin resulted in the formation of chlorinated benzenes and chlorinated phenols, which are known PCDD/F precursors. The formation of PCDD/F commenced around 823 K @ 5s residence time and results indicate a preference for the formation of PCDF over PCDD under all experimental conditions studied. Subsequent experiments, to examine the yield of PCDD/F as a function of temperature, reveal the progressive chlorination of PCDD/F with temperatures up to 923 K. Octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF) was the major dioxin congener detected in the oxidation of dieldrin. The highest toxicity factor for dioxin formation was recorded at 923 K with a 6% O2 content in the feed gas and corresponds to 6.24 ng TEQ WHO 2005/mg of dieldrin and total PCDD/F concentration of 96.8 ng/mg of dieldrin.
•Decomposition at a temperature higher than 873 K produces all the range PCDD/F.•Chlorinated benzenes and chlorinated phenols detected as a PCDD/F precursors.•Highest toxicity factor, 6.24 ng TEQ WHO 2005/mg of dieldrin recorded at 923 K. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | This paper examines the gas phase thermal decomposition of dieldrin and associated formation of toxic combustion products including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F). Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) analysis revealed the formation of pentachlorostyrene (PCS), hexachlorostyrene (HCS) and polychlorinated naphthalene as toxic combustion products generated during the combustion of dieldrin. The thermal pyrolysis of dieldrin resulted in the formation of chlorinated benzenes and chlorinated phenols, which are known PCDD/F precursors. The formation of PCDD/F commenced around 823 K @ 5s residence time and results indicate a preference for the formation of PCDF over PCDD under all experimental conditions studied. Subsequent experiments, to examine the yield of PCDD/F as a function of temperature, reveal the progressive chlorination of PCDD/F with temperatures up to 923 K. Octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF) was the major dioxin congener detected in the oxidation of dieldrin. The highest toxicity factor for dioxin formation was recorded at 923 K with a 6% O2 content in the feed gas and corresponds to 6.24 ng TEQ WHO 2005/mg of dieldrin and total PCDD/F concentration of 96.8 ng/mg of dieldrin.
•Decomposition at a temperature higher than 873 K produces all the range PCDD/F.•Chlorinated benzenes and chlorinated phenols detected as a PCDD/F precursors.•Highest toxicity factor, 6.24 ng TEQ WHO 2005/mg of dieldrin recorded at 923 K. This paper examines the gas phase thermal decomposition of dieldrin and associated formation of toxic combustion products including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F). Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) analysis revealed the formation of pentachlorostyrene (PCS), hexachlorostyrene (HCS) and polychlorinated naphthalene as toxic combustion products generated during the combustion of dieldrin. The thermal pyrolysis of dieldrin resulted in the formation of chlorinated benzenes and chlorinated phenols, which are known PCDD/F precursors. The formation of PCDD/F commenced around 823 K @ 5s residence time and results indicate a preference for the formation of PCDF over PCDD under all experimental conditions studied. Subsequent experiments, to examine the yield of PCDD/F as a function of temperature, reveal the progressive chlorination of PCDD/F with temperatures up to 923 K. Octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF) was the major dioxin congener detected in the oxidation of dieldrin. The highest toxicity factor for dioxin formation was recorded at 923 K with a 6% O2 content in the feed gas and corresponds to 6.24 ng TEQ WHO 2005/mg of dieldrin and total PCDD/F concentration of 96.8 ng/mg of dieldrin. This paper examines the gas phase thermal decomposition of dieldrin and associated formation of toxic combustion products including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F). Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) analysis revealed the formation of pentachlorostyrene (PCS), hexachlorostyrene (HCS) and polychlorinated naphthalene as toxic combustion products generated during the combustion of dieldrin. The thermal pyrolysis of dieldrin resulted in the formation of chlorinated benzenes and chlorinated phenols, which are known PCDD/F precursors. The formation of PCDD/F commenced around 823 K @ 5s residence time and results indicate a preference for the formation of PCDF over PCDD under all experimental conditions studied. Subsequent experiments, to examine the yield of PCDD/F as a function of temperature, reveal the progressive chlorination of PCDD/F with temperatures up to 923 K. Octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF) was the major dioxin congener detected in the oxidation of dieldrin. The highest toxicity factor for dioxin formation was recorded at 923 K with a 6% O content in the feed gas and corresponds to 6.24 ng TEQ WHO 2005/mg of dieldrin and total PCDD/F concentration of 96.8 ng/mg of dieldrin. |
| Author | Stockenhuber, Michael Mackie, John C. Dharmarathne, Nirmala K. Kennedy, Eric M. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nirmala K. orcidid: 0000-0002-0168-2344 surname: Dharmarathne fullname: Dharmarathne, Nirmala K. – sequence: 2 givenname: John C. surname: Mackie fullname: Mackie, John C. – sequence: 3 givenname: Eric M. orcidid: 0000-0001-7681-5220 surname: Kennedy fullname: Kennedy, Eric M. email: eric.kennedy@newcastle.edu.au – sequence: 4 givenname: Michael surname: Stockenhuber fullname: Stockenhuber, Michael |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30877915$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqNkUFvFCEYhompsdvqXzB4q4eZwjAsw9FsrZo00UM9EwY-XDYzMAJjrD_C3yzNbo1HTyTkeZ-Pj_cCnYUYAKE3lLSU0O31oTV7mGNe9pCg7QiVLWEtoeQZ2tBByIZ2cjhDG0J63mw54-foIucDITXM5Qt0zsgghKR8g37fV8esJxx_equLjwFHh62HySYfsA4WmxhMnH3RoWAXK_xElZoxeEnRrqZk7IOZVuvDN7zE6cHsp1gNuoCtuhHCr9gsjfU1c9SeLt2adMBXX3Y3N9e3b1-i505PGV6dzkv09fb9_e5jc_f5w6fdu7vGMCFKA9BzOfZuNFxoIThhtjfWsFHA4HRlnGBcEDaOTnaWmrGTGlwvrCWGAOfsEl0dvfX131fIRc0-G5gmHSCuWXVUMrrdDl1XUXlETYo5J3BqSX7W6UFRoh7rUAf1Tx3qsQ5FmKp11Ozr05h1nMH-TT79fwV2RwDqsj88JJWNh2DA-gSmKBv9f4z5A691p8o |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jece_2023_109665 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijoes_2024_100561 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsanm_0c01994 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2022_713375 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1021/jp065558t 10.1289/ehp.93101378 10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.020 10.1080/1073161X.1993.10467230 10.1007/BF01636549 10.1021/acs.est.6b03280 10.1016/0045-6535(77)90035-2 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0690(200003)2000:6<921::AID-EJOC921>3.0.CO;2-P 10.1021/es970266e 10.1021/es950259v 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.02.018 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90306-P 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.055 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05209 10.1016/j.proci.2018.06.121 10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00302-6 10.1039/C4EM00594E 10.1021/es9502583 10.1248/jhs.47.495 10.1016/S0048-9697(86)80001-8 10.1021/es050576u 10.1016/0045-6535(94)90368-9 10.1016/j.proci.2010.07.069 10.1021/es0011820 10.5194/tc-10-2533-2016 10.1021/es049355z 10.1021/es301139q 10.1007/s11356-017-9963-8 10.1007/s002440010298 10.1016/S0378-4274(99)00132-0 10.1016/0045-6535(95)00239-1 10.1016/0045-6535(88)90070-7 10.1021/es00122a013 10.1016/0045-6535(96)00312-8 10.1016/0045-6535(84)90017-1 10.1016/0045-6535(89)90396-2 10.1016/j.pecs.2008.12.001 10.1021/es00006a023 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.12.039 10.1021/es9037935 10.1021/ie50536a034 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2019 Elsevier Ltd Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2019 Elsevier Ltd – notice: Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| DBID | NPM AAYXX CITATION 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010 |
| DatabaseName | PubMed CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | PubMed CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic PubMed |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Chemistry Ecology |
| EISSN | 1879-1298 |
| EndPage | 216 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_chemosphere_2019_03_010 30877915 S0045653519304424 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GroupedDBID | --- --K --M -~X .~1 0R~ 1B1 1RT 1~. 1~5 29B 4.4 457 4G. 53G 5GY 5VS 6J9 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JM AABNK AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AAXUO ABEFU ABFNM ABFRF ABFYP ABJNI ABLST ABMAC ABXDB ABYKQ ACDAQ ACGFO ACGFS ACRLP ADBBV ADEZE ADMUD AEBSH AEFWE AEKER AENEX AFFNX AFKWA AFTJW AFXIZ AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHEUO AHHHB AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV AKIFW ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BKOJK BLECG BLXMC CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q GBLVA HMA HMC HVGLF HZ~ H~9 IHE J1W K-O KCYFY KOM LY3 LY9 M41 MO0 MVM N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- RIG RNS ROL RPZ SCC SCU SDF SDG SDP SEN SEP SES SEW SPCBC SSJ SSZ T5K TWZ WH7 WUQ XPP Y6R ZCG ZMT ZXP ~02 ~G- ~KM AAHBH AAXKI AFJKZ AKRWK NPM AAYXX CITATION 7X8 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c377t-ee459b4fbc57a77503d4cdc3b7e8fac37f735703bbf92d1cb29aef47dd0c0e553 |
| IEDL.DBID | AIKHN |
| ISSN | 0045-6535 |
| IngestDate | Fri Oct 25 02:13:42 EDT 2024 Thu Sep 26 16:20:01 EDT 2024 Wed Oct 16 00:51:02 EDT 2024 Fri Feb 23 02:32:29 EST 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | Polychlorinated styrenes Toxic equivalents factor Dioxin precursors Dioxin Dieldrin |
| Language | English |
| License | Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c377t-ee459b4fbc57a77503d4cdc3b7e8fac37f735703bbf92d1cb29aef47dd0c0e553 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7681-5220 0000-0002-0168-2344 |
| PMID | 30877915 |
| PQID | 2193166822 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| PageCount | 8 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2193166822 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2019_03_010 pubmed_primary_30877915 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2019_03_010 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | June 2019 2019-Jun 2019-06-00 20190601 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2019-06-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 06 year: 2019 text: June 2019 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | England |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: England |
| PublicationTitle | Chemosphere (Oxford) |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Chemosphere |
| PublicationYear | 2019 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd |
| References | Jorgenson (bib24) 2001; 109 Altarawneh, Kennedy, Dlugogorski, Mackie (bib3) 2007; 111 Hargrave, Barrie, Bidleman, Welch (bib20) 1997; 31 Colborn, vom Saal, Soto (bib13) 1993; 101 Kim, Mulholland (bib26) 2005; 39 Kaminsky, Hites (bib25) 1984; 18 Zhao, Ni, Li, Chen, Buekens, Yan (bib44) 2017; 24 Dharmarathne, Mackie, Lucas, Kennedy, Stockenhuber (bib16) 2019; 37 Ramdahl, Carlberg, Kolsaker (bib31) 1986; 48 Bigot, Curran, Moy, Muir, Hawker, Cropp, Teixeira, Bengtson Nash (bib8) 2016; 10 Stevenson, Walborg, Warner North, Sielken, Ross, Wright, Xu, Kamendulis, Klaunig (bib35) 1999; 109 Olie, Vermeulen, Hutzinger (bib29) 1977; 6 Coelhan, Reil, Rimkus, Parlar (bib12) 2000; 34 Summoogum, Wojtalewicz, Altarawneh, Mackie, Kennedy, Dlugogorski (bib36) 2013; 34 Bester, Biselli, Ellerichmann, Hühnerfuss, Möller, Rimkus, Wolf (bib7) 1998; 37 Tarkpea, Hagen, Carlberg, Kolsaker, Storflor (bib37) 1985; 35 Carrizo, Grimalt (bib9) 2009; 1216 Satoh, Nagai, Aoki (bib33) 2001; 47 Hovander, Malmberg, Athanasiadou, Athanassiadis, Rahm, Bergman, Wehler (bib22) 2002; 42 Addink, Olie (bib1) 1995; 29 Milligan, Altwicker (bib28) 1996; 30 Altwicker (bib4) 1996; 33 Dharmarathne, Mackie, Kennedy, Stockenhuber (bib14) 2016; 50 Ballschmiter, Braunmiller, Niemczyk, Swerev (bib6) 1988; 17 Hoh, Dodder, Lehotay, Pangallo, Reddy, Maruya (bib21) 2012; 46 Imagawa, Takeuchi, Miyazaki, Tanaka (bib23) 1989; 19 Yang, Lee, Park, Lee (bib41) 1999; 20 Ernst, Weigelt, Weber (bib17) 1984; 13 Ghorishi, Altwicker (bib19) 1996; 32 Dharmarathne, Mackie, Kennedy, Stockenhuber (bib15) 2017; 121 Park, Kang, Baek, Chang (bib30) 2010; 158 Zhang, Buekens, Ma, Li (bib42) 2017; 191 Chen, Wojtalewicz, Altarawneh, Mackie, Kennedy, Dlugogorski (bib11) 2011; 33 Altarawneh, Dlugogorski, Kennedy, Mackie (bib2) 2009; 35 Evans, Dellinger (bib18) 2005; 39 Sommeling, Mulder, Louw (bib34) 1994; 29 Zhao, Zhan, Liu, Zheng, Jin, Yang, Hao, Wu, Zhang, Wang (bib43) 2017; 330 Chen, Mackie, Kennedy, Dlugogorski (bib10) 2010; 44 Robitschek, Bean (bib32) 1954; 46 Troxler, Goh, Dicks (bib38) 1993; 43 Wang, Kennedy, Powell, Keywood, R, Thai, Bridgen, Broomhall, Paxman, Waniae, Muellera (bib39) 2015; 17 Wiater, Born, Louw (bib40) 2000 Altwicker, Milligan (bib5) 1993; 27 Milligan, Altwicker (bib27) 1996; 30 Sommeling (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib34) 1994; 29 Yang (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib41) 1999; 20 Hargrave (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib20) 1997; 31 Altwicker (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib4) 1996; 33 Zhao (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib43) 2017; 330 Altarawneh (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib2) 2009; 35 Chen (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib10) 2010; 44 Olie (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib29) 1977; 6 Wiater (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib40) 2000 Bester (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib7) 1998; 37 Evans (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib18) 2005; 39 Satoh (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib33) 2001; 47 Colborn (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib13) 1993; 101 Milligan (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib27) 1996; 30 Altarawneh (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib3) 2007; 111 Imagawa (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib23) 1989; 19 Jorgenson (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib24) 2001; 109 Tarkpea (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib37) 1985; 35 Wang (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib39) 2015; 17 Bigot (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib8) 2016; 10 Altwicker (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib5) 1993; 27 Chen (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib11) 2011; 33 Kaminsky (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib25) 1984; 18 Ghorishi (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib19) 1996; 32 Park (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib30) 2010; 158 Kim (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib26) 2005; 39 Addink (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib1) 1995; 29 Coelhan (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib12) 2000; 34 Dharmarathne (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib15) 2017; 121 Hovander (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib22) 2002; 42 Carrizo (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib9) 2009; 1216 Zhang (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib42) 2017; 191 Zhao (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib44) 2017; 24 Milligan (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib28) 1996; 30 Troxler (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib38) 1993; 43 Robitschek (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib32) 1954; 46 Ernst (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib17) 1984; 13 Ballschmiter (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib6) 1988; 17 Ramdahl (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib31) 1986; 48 Hoh (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib21) 2012; 46 Summoogum (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib36) 2013; 34 Dharmarathne (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib16) 2019; 37 Dharmarathne (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib14) 2016; 50 Stevenson (10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib35) 1999; 109 |
| References_xml | – volume: 42 start-page: 105 year: 2002 end-page: 117 ident: bib22 article-title: Identification of hydroxylated PCB metabolites and other phenolic halogenated pollutants in human blood plasma publication-title: Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. contributor: fullname: Wehler – volume: 35 start-page: 245 year: 2009 end-page: 274 ident: bib2 article-title: Mechanisms for formation, chlorination, dechlorination and destruction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) publication-title: Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. contributor: fullname: Mackie – volume: 47 start-page: 495 year: 2001 end-page: 501 ident: bib33 article-title: Several environmental pollutants have binding affinities for both androgen receptor and estrogen receptor &alpha publication-title: J. Health Sci. contributor: fullname: Aoki – volume: 101 start-page: 378 year: 1993 end-page: 384 ident: bib13 article-title: Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans publication-title: Environ. Health Perspect. contributor: fullname: Soto – volume: 27 start-page: 301 year: 1993 end-page: 307 ident: bib5 article-title: Formation of dioxins: competing rates between chemically similar precursors and de novo reactions publication-title: Chemosphere contributor: fullname: Milligan – volume: 30 start-page: 230 year: 1996 end-page: 236 ident: bib28 article-title: Chlorophenol reactions on fly ash. 2. Equilibrium surface coverage and global kinetics publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. contributor: fullname: Altwicker – start-page: 921 year: 2000 end-page: 928 ident: bib40 article-title: Products, rates, and mechanism of the gas-phase condensation of phenoxy radicals between 500-840 K publication-title: Eur. J. Org. Chem. contributor: fullname: Louw – volume: 34 start-page: 4695 year: 2000 end-page: 4700 ident: bib12 article-title: Peak patterns of chlorostyrenes in fish and fish oils from the North Atlantic publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. contributor: fullname: Parlar – volume: 32 start-page: 133 year: 1996 end-page: 144 ident: bib19 article-title: Rapid formation of polychlorinated dioxins/furans during the heterogeneous combustion of 1,2-dichlorobenzene and 2,4-dichlorophenol publication-title: Chemosphere contributor: fullname: Altwicker – volume: 20 start-page: 689 year: 1999 end-page: 695 ident: bib41 article-title: Analytical method for dioxin and organo-chlorinated compounds: (II) comparison of extraction methods of dioxins from XAD-2 adsorbent publication-title: Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. contributor: fullname: Lee – volume: 50 start-page: 10106 year: 2016 end-page: 10113 ident: bib14 article-title: Gas phase thermal oxidation of endosulfan and formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. contributor: fullname: Stockenhuber – volume: 1216 start-page: 5723 year: 2009 end-page: 5729 ident: bib9 article-title: Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of polychlorostyrene congener mixtures in sediments, human sera and cord sera publication-title: J. Chromatogr. A contributor: fullname: Grimalt – volume: 29 start-page: 2015 year: 1994 end-page: 2018 ident: bib34 article-title: Formation of PCDFs during chlorination and oxidation of chlorobenzene in chlorine/oxygen mixtures around 340 °C publication-title: Chemosphere contributor: fullname: Louw – volume: 39 start-page: 5831 year: 2005 end-page: 5836 ident: bib26 article-title: Temperature-dependent formation of polychlorinated naphthalenes and dibenzofurans from chlorophenols publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. contributor: fullname: Mulholland – volume: 18 start-page: 275 year: 1984 end-page: 279 ident: bib25 article-title: Octachlorostyrene in lake ontario: sources and fates publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. contributor: fullname: Hites – volume: 158 start-page: 1420 year: 2010 end-page: 1427 ident: bib30 article-title: Relative importance of polychlorinated naphthalenes compared to dioxins, and polychlorinated biphenyls in human serum from Korea: contribution to TEQs and potential sources publication-title: Environ. Pollut. contributor: fullname: Chang – volume: 33 start-page: 701 year: 2011 end-page: 708 ident: bib11 article-title: Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in oxidation of captan pesticide publication-title: Proc. Combust. Inst. contributor: fullname: Dlugogorski – volume: 29 start-page: 1586 year: 1995 end-page: 1590 ident: bib1 article-title: Role of oxygen in formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans from carbon on fly ash publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. contributor: fullname: Olie – volume: 111 start-page: 2563 year: 2007 end-page: 2573 ident: bib3 article-title: Quantum chemical investigation of formation of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from oxidation and pyrolysis of 2-chlorophenol publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. A contributor: fullname: Mackie – volume: 43 start-page: 1610 year: 1993 end-page: 1617 ident: bib38 article-title: Treatment of pesticide-contaminated soils with thermal desorption technologies publication-title: Air Waste contributor: fullname: Dicks – volume: 191 year: 2017 ident: bib42 article-title: Iron chloride catalysed PCDD/F-formation: experiments and PCDD/F-signatures publication-title: Chemosphere contributor: fullname: Li – volume: 19 start-page: 717 year: 1989 end-page: 720 ident: bib23 article-title: Formation of chlorinated benzenes, naphthalenes and dibenzofurans in the pyrolysis of Chlordane publication-title: Chemosphere contributor: fullname: Tanaka – volume: 30 start-page: 225 year: 1996 end-page: 229 ident: bib27 article-title: Chlorophenol reactions on fly ash. 1. Adsorption/desorption equilibria and conversion to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. contributor: fullname: Altwicker – volume: 37 start-page: 2459 year: 1998 end-page: 2471 ident: bib7 article-title: Chlorostyrenes in fish and sediment samples from the river Elbe publication-title: Chemosphere contributor: fullname: Wolf – volume: 31 start-page: 3258 year: 1997 end-page: 3266 ident: bib20 article-title: Seasonality in exchange of organochlorines between arctic air and seawater publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. contributor: fullname: Welch – volume: 17 start-page: 525 year: 2015 end-page: 532 ident: bib39 article-title: Spatial distribution of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Australia's atmosphere publication-title: Environ. Sci–Process. Impacts contributor: fullname: Muellera – volume: 34 start-page: 3499 year: 2013 end-page: 3507 ident: bib36 article-title: Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) by precursor pathways in oxidation of pesticide alpha-cypermethrin publication-title: Proc. Combust. Inst. contributor: fullname: Dlugogorski – volume: 13 start-page: 161 year: 1984 end-page: 168 ident: bib17 article-title: Octachlorostyrene - a permanent micropollutant in the north sea publication-title: Chemosphere contributor: fullname: Weber – volume: 24 start-page: 23321 year: 2017 end-page: 23330 ident: bib44 article-title: PCDD/F formation during thermal desorption of chlorobenzene contaminated soil publication-title: Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser. contributor: fullname: Yan – volume: 46 start-page: 1628 year: 1954 end-page: 1632 ident: bib32 article-title: Flame-resistant polyesters from hexachlorocyclopentadiene publication-title: Ind. Eng. Chem. contributor: fullname: Bean – volume: 33 start-page: 1897 year: 1996 end-page: 1904 ident: bib4 article-title: Relative rates of formation of polychlorinated dioxins and furans from precursor and de novo reactions publication-title: Chemosphere contributor: fullname: Altwicker – volume: 10 start-page: 2533 year: 2016 end-page: 2539 ident: bib8 article-title: Brief communication: organochlorine pesticides in an archived firn core from Law Dome, East Antarctica publication-title: Cryosphere contributor: fullname: Bengtson Nash – volume: 44 start-page: 4149 year: 2010 end-page: 4154 ident: bib10 article-title: Thermal decomposition of captan and formation pathways of toxic air pollutants publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. contributor: fullname: Dlugogorski – volume: 6 start-page: 455 year: 1977 end-page: 459 ident: bib29 article-title: Chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and chlorodibenzofurans are trace components of fly ash and flue gas of some municipal incinerators in The Netherlands publication-title: Chemosphere contributor: fullname: Hutzinger – volume: 330 start-page: 135 year: 2017 end-page: 141 ident: bib43 article-title: Evaluation of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds from a cement plant using carbide slag from chlor-alkali industry as the major raw material publication-title: J. Hazard Mater. contributor: fullname: Wang – volume: 17 start-page: 995 year: 1988 end-page: 1005 ident: bib6 article-title: Reaction pathways for the formation of polychloro-dibenzodioxins (PCDD) and —dibenzofurans (PCDF) in combustion processes: II. Chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols as precursors in the formation of polychloro-dibenzodioxins and —dibenzofurans in flame chemistry publication-title: Chemosphere contributor: fullname: Swerev – volume: 109 start-page: 113 year: 2001 end-page: 139 ident: bib24 article-title: Aldrin and dieldrin: a review of research on their production, environmental deposition and fate, bioaccumulation, toxicology, and epidemiology in the United States publication-title: Environ. Health Perspect. contributor: fullname: Jorgenson – volume: 48 start-page: 147 year: 1986 end-page: 155 ident: bib31 article-title: Analysis of chlorinated styrenes in environmental samples using negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. contributor: fullname: Kolsaker – volume: 37 start-page: 1143 year: 2019 end-page: 1150 ident: bib16 article-title: Mechanisms of thermal decomposition of cyclodiene pesticides, identification and possible mitigation of their toxic products publication-title: Proc. Combust. Inst. contributor: fullname: Stockenhuber – volume: 39 start-page: 122 year: 2005 end-page: 127 ident: bib18 article-title: Mechanisms of dioxin formation from the high-temperature oxidation of 2-chlorophenol publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. contributor: fullname: Dellinger – volume: 109 start-page: 123 year: 1999 end-page: 186 ident: bib35 article-title: Monograph: reassessment of human cancer risk of aldrin/dieldrin publication-title: Toxicol. Lett. contributor: fullname: Klaunig – volume: 46 start-page: 8001 year: 2012 end-page: 8008 ident: bib21 article-title: Nontargeted comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry method and software for inventorying persistent and bioaccumulative contaminants in marine environments publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. contributor: fullname: Maruya – volume: 121 start-page: 5871 year: 2017 end-page: 5883 ident: bib15 article-title: Mechanism and rate of thermal decomposition of hexachlorocyclopentadiene and its importance in PCDD/F formation from the combustion of cyclodiene pesticides publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. A contributor: fullname: Stockenhuber – volume: 35 start-page: 525 year: 1985 end-page: 530 ident: bib37 article-title: Mutagenicity, acute toxicity, and bioaccumulation potential of six chlorinated styrenes publication-title: Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. contributor: fullname: Storflor – volume: 111 start-page: 2563 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib3 article-title: Quantum chemical investigation of formation of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from oxidation and pyrolysis of 2-chlorophenol publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. A doi: 10.1021/jp065558t contributor: fullname: Altarawneh – volume: 101 start-page: 378 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib13 article-title: Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans publication-title: Environ. Health Perspect. doi: 10.1289/ehp.93101378 contributor: fullname: Colborn – volume: 34 start-page: 3499 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib36 article-title: Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) by precursor pathways in oxidation of pesticide alpha-cypermethrin publication-title: Proc. Combust. Inst. doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.020 contributor: fullname: Summoogum – volume: 43 start-page: 1610 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib38 article-title: Treatment of pesticide-contaminated soils with thermal desorption technologies publication-title: Air Waste doi: 10.1080/1073161X.1993.10467230 contributor: fullname: Troxler – volume: 191 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib42 article-title: Iron chloride catalysed PCDD/F-formation: experiments and PCDD/F-signatures publication-title: Chemosphere contributor: fullname: Zhang – volume: 35 start-page: 525 year: 1985 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib37 article-title: Mutagenicity, acute toxicity, and bioaccumulation potential of six chlorinated styrenes publication-title: Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. doi: 10.1007/BF01636549 contributor: fullname: Tarkpea – volume: 50 start-page: 10106 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib14 article-title: Gas phase thermal oxidation of endosulfan and formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03280 contributor: fullname: Dharmarathne – volume: 20 start-page: 689 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib41 article-title: Analytical method for dioxin and organo-chlorinated compounds: (II) comparison of extraction methods of dioxins from XAD-2 adsorbent publication-title: Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. contributor: fullname: Yang – volume: 6 start-page: 455 year: 1977 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib29 article-title: Chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and chlorodibenzofurans are trace components of fly ash and flue gas of some municipal incinerators in The Netherlands publication-title: Chemosphere doi: 10.1016/0045-6535(77)90035-2 contributor: fullname: Olie – start-page: 921 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib40 article-title: Products, rates, and mechanism of the gas-phase condensation of phenoxy radicals between 500-840 K publication-title: Eur. J. Org. Chem. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0690(200003)2000:6<921::AID-EJOC921>3.0.CO;2-P contributor: fullname: Wiater – volume: 31 start-page: 3258 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib20 article-title: Seasonality in exchange of organochlorines between arctic air and seawater publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/es970266e contributor: fullname: Hargrave – volume: 30 start-page: 230 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib28 article-title: Chlorophenol reactions on fly ash. 2. Equilibrium surface coverage and global kinetics publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/es950259v contributor: fullname: Milligan – volume: 330 start-page: 135 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib43 article-title: Evaluation of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds from a cement plant using carbide slag from chlor-alkali industry as the major raw material publication-title: J. Hazard Mater. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.02.018 contributor: fullname: Zhao – volume: 27 start-page: 301 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib5 article-title: Formation of dioxins: competing rates between chemically similar precursors and de novo reactions publication-title: Chemosphere doi: 10.1016/0045-6535(93)90306-P contributor: fullname: Altwicker – volume: 1216 start-page: 5723 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib9 article-title: Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of polychlorostyrene congener mixtures in sediments, human sera and cord sera publication-title: J. Chromatogr. A doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.055 contributor: fullname: Carrizo – volume: 121 start-page: 5871 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib15 article-title: Mechanism and rate of thermal decomposition of hexachlorocyclopentadiene and its importance in PCDD/F formation from the combustion of cyclodiene pesticides publication-title: J. Phys. Chem. A doi: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05209 contributor: fullname: Dharmarathne – volume: 37 start-page: 1143 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib16 article-title: Mechanisms of thermal decomposition of cyclodiene pesticides, identification and possible mitigation of their toxic products publication-title: Proc. Combust. Inst. doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2018.06.121 contributor: fullname: Dharmarathne – volume: 37 start-page: 2459 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib7 article-title: Chlorostyrenes in fish and sediment samples from the river Elbe publication-title: Chemosphere doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00302-6 contributor: fullname: Bester – volume: 17 start-page: 525 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib39 article-title: Spatial distribution of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Australia's atmosphere publication-title: Environ. Sci–Process. Impacts doi: 10.1039/C4EM00594E contributor: fullname: Wang – volume: 30 start-page: 225 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib27 article-title: Chlorophenol reactions on fly ash. 1. Adsorption/desorption equilibria and conversion to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/es9502583 contributor: fullname: Milligan – volume: 47 start-page: 495 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib33 article-title: Several environmental pollutants have binding affinities for both androgen receptor and estrogen receptor &alpha publication-title: J. Health Sci. doi: 10.1248/jhs.47.495 contributor: fullname: Satoh – volume: 48 start-page: 147 year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib31 article-title: Analysis of chlorinated styrenes in environmental samples using negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(86)80001-8 contributor: fullname: Ramdahl – volume: 39 start-page: 5831 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib26 article-title: Temperature-dependent formation of polychlorinated naphthalenes and dibenzofurans from chlorophenols publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/es050576u contributor: fullname: Kim – volume: 29 start-page: 2015 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib34 article-title: Formation of PCDFs during chlorination and oxidation of chlorobenzene in chlorine/oxygen mixtures around 340 °C publication-title: Chemosphere doi: 10.1016/0045-6535(94)90368-9 contributor: fullname: Sommeling – volume: 33 start-page: 701 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib11 article-title: Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in oxidation of captan pesticide publication-title: Proc. Combust. Inst. doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2010.07.069 contributor: fullname: Chen – volume: 34 start-page: 4695 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib12 article-title: Peak patterns of chlorostyrenes in fish and fish oils from the North Atlantic publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/es0011820 contributor: fullname: Coelhan – volume: 10 start-page: 2533 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib8 article-title: Brief communication: organochlorine pesticides in an archived firn core from Law Dome, East Antarctica publication-title: Cryosphere doi: 10.5194/tc-10-2533-2016 contributor: fullname: Bigot – volume: 39 start-page: 122 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib18 article-title: Mechanisms of dioxin formation from the high-temperature oxidation of 2-chlorophenol publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/es049355z contributor: fullname: Evans – volume: 46 start-page: 8001 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib21 article-title: Nontargeted comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry method and software for inventorying persistent and bioaccumulative contaminants in marine environments publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/es301139q contributor: fullname: Hoh – volume: 24 start-page: 23321 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib44 article-title: PCDD/F formation during thermal desorption of chlorobenzene contaminated soil publication-title: Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9963-8 contributor: fullname: Zhao – volume: 42 start-page: 105 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib22 article-title: Identification of hydroxylated PCB metabolites and other phenolic halogenated pollutants in human blood plasma publication-title: Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. doi: 10.1007/s002440010298 contributor: fullname: Hovander – volume: 109 start-page: 123 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib35 article-title: Monograph: reassessment of human cancer risk of aldrin/dieldrin publication-title: Toxicol. Lett. doi: 10.1016/S0378-4274(99)00132-0 contributor: fullname: Stevenson – volume: 32 start-page: 133 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib19 article-title: Rapid formation of polychlorinated dioxins/furans during the heterogeneous combustion of 1,2-dichlorobenzene and 2,4-dichlorophenol publication-title: Chemosphere doi: 10.1016/0045-6535(95)00239-1 contributor: fullname: Ghorishi – volume: 17 start-page: 995 year: 1988 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib6 publication-title: Chemosphere doi: 10.1016/0045-6535(88)90070-7 contributor: fullname: Ballschmiter – volume: 18 start-page: 275 year: 1984 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib25 article-title: Octachlorostyrene in lake ontario: sources and fates publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/es00122a013 contributor: fullname: Kaminsky – volume: 33 start-page: 1897 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib4 article-title: Relative rates of formation of polychlorinated dioxins and furans from precursor and de novo reactions publication-title: Chemosphere doi: 10.1016/0045-6535(96)00312-8 contributor: fullname: Altwicker – volume: 13 start-page: 161 year: 1984 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib17 article-title: Octachlorostyrene - a permanent micropollutant in the north sea publication-title: Chemosphere doi: 10.1016/0045-6535(84)90017-1 contributor: fullname: Ernst – volume: 109 start-page: 113 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib24 article-title: Aldrin and dieldrin: a review of research on their production, environmental deposition and fate, bioaccumulation, toxicology, and epidemiology in the United States publication-title: Environ. Health Perspect. contributor: fullname: Jorgenson – volume: 19 start-page: 717 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib23 article-title: Formation of chlorinated benzenes, naphthalenes and dibenzofurans in the pyrolysis of Chlordane publication-title: Chemosphere doi: 10.1016/0045-6535(89)90396-2 contributor: fullname: Imagawa – volume: 35 start-page: 245 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib2 article-title: Mechanisms for formation, chlorination, dechlorination and destruction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) publication-title: Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.pecs.2008.12.001 contributor: fullname: Altarawneh – volume: 29 start-page: 1586 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib1 article-title: Role of oxygen in formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans from carbon on fly ash publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/es00006a023 contributor: fullname: Addink – volume: 158 start-page: 1420 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib30 article-title: Relative importance of polychlorinated naphthalenes compared to dioxins, and polychlorinated biphenyls in human serum from Korea: contribution to TEQs and potential sources publication-title: Environ. Pollut. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.12.039 contributor: fullname: Park – volume: 44 start-page: 4149 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib10 article-title: Thermal decomposition of captan and formation pathways of toxic air pollutants publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/es9037935 contributor: fullname: Chen – volume: 46 start-page: 1628 year: 1954 ident: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010_bib32 article-title: Flame-resistant polyesters from hexachlorocyclopentadiene publication-title: Ind. Eng. Chem. doi: 10.1021/ie50536a034 contributor: fullname: Robitschek |
| SSID | ssj0001659 |
| Score | 2.3605766 |
| Snippet | This paper examines the gas phase thermal decomposition of dieldrin and associated formation of toxic combustion products including polychlorinated... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref pubmed elsevier |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 209 |
| SubjectTerms | Dieldrin Dioxin Dioxin precursors Polychlorinated styrenes Toxic equivalents factor |
| Title | Thermal oxidation of dieldrin and concomitant formation of toxic products including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.010 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30877915 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2193166822 |
| Volume | 225 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3fa9RAEB7aK_54KVq1nq1lCz7ow3qbZDe5g76Ua49TsfhgoW9LNrsLkWsSenegPvgn-Dc7k03OChUEH7NkNsvMMvMNmfkG4BUmyQgLhOexwVxVSiM4UaDwNKc-SuejvC35_3iRzi_l-yt1tQXTvheGyio73x98euutu5VRp81RU5bU40tohAbMYUouY7kNOxiO4vEAdk7ffZhfbBxylKqAgqXiJHAfjn-XeaFqrusltfATaWYUKE-pn_buMPU3GNqGo9kj2O1wJDsNR30MW67agwfTfnzbHtw7b_movz2Bn3gV0P0uWP21DBOUWO2ZpdK1m7JieWUZJsWogJImCrNNOyO9tUKZgjWBFnbJyqpYrCnasaZeoOdsy_cQrVrczrjqe80bbkuUCdt2i36NAZG9_jQ9OxvN3jyFy9n55-mcd2MYeJFk2Yo7J9XESG8KlaHllEisLGyRmMyNfY7v-CwhHi9j_CS2UWHiSe68zKwVhXBKJc9gUNWVew7MUD6HeN6LXEnvzdgiaibKO2HRD4h8CHGvdd0Etg3dl6F90bdMpclUWiQaTTWEk94--o-rozEq_Iv4cW9TjSai_yV55er1UqMzT6I0RQg1hP1g7M2pWiLFSaRe_N_HD-AhPYXas0MYrG7W7iWinJU5gu23P6Kj7i7_Au4f_yk |
| link.rule.ids | 315,783,787,4509,24128,27936,27937,45597,45691 |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1La9wwEB7ShDa9lDZ9ZPtUoIf2IFa2JTuGXsImy6ZJlh4SyE1YlgQuW9tkdyHtj-hv7oxlb1toodCrLMliRp75Bs98A_AWg2SEBcLz2GCsKqURnChQeFpQHaXzUdGl_F_M09mV_HitrrdgMtTCUFplb_uDTe-sdT8y7qU5bquKanwJjVCDOQzJZSzvwA4O5Ph17hydns3mG4McpSqgYKk4LbgHBz_TvFA0X5ollfATaWYUKE-pnvbPbupvMLRzR9OH8KDHkewoHPURbLl6D3YnQ_u2Pbh70vFRf30M3_EqoPldsOa2Ch2UWOOZpdS1m6pmRW0ZBsUogIo6CrNNOSPNWuGakrWBFnbJqrpcrMnbsbZZoOXs0vcQrVrczrj6W8NbbitcE7btB_0aHSJ792lyfDyevn8CV9OTy8mM920YeJlk2Yo7J1VupDelylBzSiRWlrZMTOYOfYFzfJYQj5cxPo9tVJo4L5yXmbWiFE6p5Cls103t9oEZiucQz3tRKOm9ObSImonyTli0A6IYQTxIXbeBbUMPaWif9S-q0qQqLRKNqhrBh0E_-rero9Er_Mvyg0GnGlVE_0uK2jXrpUZjnkRpihBqBM-Csjen6ogU80g9_7-Xv4Hd2eXFuT4_nZ-9gPv0JOShvYTt1c3avULEszKv-xv9AxkhASw |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Thermal+oxidation+of+dieldrin+and+concomitant+formation+of+toxic+products+including+polychlorinated+dibenzo-p-dioxin+and+dibenzofuran+%28PCDD%2FF%29&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere+%28Oxford%29&rft.au=Dharmarathne%2C+Nirmala+K.&rft.au=Mackie%2C+John+C.&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+Eric+M.&rft.au=Stockenhuber%2C+Michael&rft.date=2019-06-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+Ltd&rft.issn=0045-6535&rft.eissn=1879-1298&rft.volume=225&rft.spage=209&rft.epage=216&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2019.03.010&rft.externalDocID=S0045653519304424 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0045-6535&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0045-6535&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0045-6535&client=summon |