Advances in understanding the changes of tropical rainfall annual cycle: a review

Aided by progress in the theoretical understanding, new knowledge on tropical rainfall annual cycle changes under global warming background has been advanced in the past decade. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding the changes of tropical rainfall annual cycle, including its...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inEnvironmental Research: Climate Vol. 2; no. 4; pp. 42001 - 42021
Main Authors Song, Fengfei, Leung, L Ruby, Lu, Jian, Zhou, Tianjun, Huang, Ping
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United Kingdom IOP Publishing 01.12.2023
Subjects
annual cycle
global warming
ITCZs
monsoons
tropical rainfall
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Aided by progress in the theoretical understanding, new knowledge on tropical rainfall annual cycle changes under global warming background has been advanced in the past decade. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding the changes of tropical rainfall annual cycle, including its four distinct features: amplitude, pattern shift, phase and wet/dry season length changes. In a warming climate, the amplitude of tropical rainfall annual cycle is enhanced, more evidently over ocean, while the phase of tropical rainfall annual cycle is delayed, mainly over land. The former is explained by the wet-get-wetter mechanism and the latter is explained by the enhanced effective atmospheric heat capacity and increased convective barrier. The phase delay over land has already emerged in the past four decades. The pattern shift under warming is marked by two features: equatorward shift of the inter-tropical convergence zone throughout the year and the land-to-ocean precipitation shift in the rainy season. The former is explained by the upped-ante mechanism and/or related to the enhanced equatorial warming in a warmer world. The latter is suggested to be caused by the opposite land and ocean surface temperature annual cycle changes in the tropics. Over tropical rainforest regions such as Amazon and Congo Basin, the dry season has lengthened in the recent decades, but the fundamental reason is still unclear. Despite the notable progress of the last decade, many gaps remain in understanding the mechanism, quantifying and attributing the emergence, narrowing the inter-model uncertainty, and evaluating the impact of tropical rainfall annual cycle changes, motivating future work guided by some directions proposed in this review.
AbstractList Aided by progress in the theoretical understanding, new knowledge on tropical rainfall annual cycle changes under global warming background has been advanced in the past decade. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding the changes of tropical rainfall annual cycle, including its four distinct features: amplitude, pattern shift, phase and wet/dry season length changes. In a warming climate, the amplitude of tropical rainfall annual cycle is enhanced, more evidently over ocean, while the phase of tropical rainfall annual cycle is delayed, mainly over land. The former is explained by the wet-get-wetter mechanism and the latter is explained by the enhanced effective atmospheric heat capacity and increased convective barrier. The phase delay over land has already emerged in the past four decades. The pattern shift under warming is marked by two features: equatorward shift of the inter-tropical convergence zone throughout the year and the land-to-ocean precipitation shift in the rainy season. The former is explained by the upped-ante mechanism and/or related to the enhanced equatorial warming in a warmer world. The latter is suggested to be caused by the opposite land and ocean surface temperature annual cycle changes in the tropics. Over tropical rainforest regions such as Amazon and Congo Basin, the dry season has lengthened in the recent decades, but the fundamental reason is still unclear. Despite the notable progress of the last decade, many gaps remain in understanding the mechanism, quantifying and attributing the emergence, narrowing the inter-model uncertainty, and evaluating the impact of tropical rainfall annual cycle changes, motivating future work guided by some directions proposed in this review.
Abstract Aided by progress in the theoretical understanding, new knowledge on tropical rainfall annual cycle changes under a global warming background has been advanced in the past decade. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding the changes of tropical rainfall annual cycle, including its four distinct features: amplitude, spatial pattern shift, phase and wet/dry season length changes. Here, amplitude refers to the local summer-winter rainfall contrast and phase refers to the timing of rainfall annual cycle. In a warming climate, the amplitude is enhanced, more evidently over ocean, while the phase is delayed, mainly over land. The former is explained by the wet-get-wetter mechanism and the latter is explained by the enhanced effective atmospheric heat capacity and increased convective barrier. The phase delay over land has already emerged in the past four decades. The spatial pattern shift under warming is marked by two features: equatorward shift of the ITCZ throughout the year and the land-to-ocean precipitation shift in the rainy season. The former is explained by the upped-ante mechanism and/or related to the enhanced equatorial warming in a warmer world. The latter may be caused by the opposite land and ocean surface temperature annual cycle changes in the tropics. Over tropical rainforest regions such as Amazon and Congo Basin, the dry season has lengthened in the recent decades, but the fundamental reason is still unclear. Despite the notable progress in the research of tropical rainfall annual cycle change, many gaps remain in understanding its mechanisms, quantifying and attributing its historical emergence, narrowing the inter-model uncertainty of its future projections, and evaluating its global impact, motivating future work guided by some directions proposed in this review.
Author Zhou, Tianjun
Huang, Ping
Leung, L Ruby
Lu, Jian
Song, Fengfei
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Fengfei
  orcidid: 0000-0002-3004-1749
  surname: Song
  fullname: Song, Fengfei
  organization: Deep-Sea Multidisciplinary Research Center, Laoshan Laboratory , Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
– sequence: 2
  givenname: L Ruby
  orcidid: 0000-0002-3221-9467
  surname: Leung
  fullname: Leung, L Ruby
  organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Richland, WA, United States of America
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Jian
  surname: Lu
  fullname: Lu, Jian
  organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Richland, WA, United States of America
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Tianjun
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5829-7279
  surname: Zhou
  fullname: Zhou, Tianjun
  organization: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Ping
  orcidid: 0000-0001-7891-8848
  surname: Huang
  fullname: Huang, Ping
  organization: Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
BackLink https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1997913$$D View this record in Osti.gov
BookMark eNp9kc9LXDEQx0OxULXeewy9eOnqJO-9_OhNxFZBkEJ7HrJJ3m6W12RJsor_vdm-WkqxnjKZ-Xy_DN85IgcxRU_IBwZnDJQ653Lgi4Hr4dzYUYB4Qw7_tA7-qt-Rk1I2AMDVILTWh-Tbhbs30fpCQ6S76Hwu1UQX4orWtad2beKqDdNIa07bYM1EswlxNNNETYy79rePdvKfqaHZ3wf_8J68bdPiT36_x-THl6vvl9eL27uvN5cXtwvbSVkXlgFzivemV35krGOdNr1UArRyTitYauels0tYKtcNoxBedSAcWK2Vl1x0x-Rm9nXJbHCbw0-THzGZgL8aKa_Q5BrabqikEQyk13zkvR2WuncaFHSCO8EkG5rXx9krlRqw2FC9XdsUo7cVmdZSs65BYoZsTqVkP2LjTA0p1hbJhAxwfwzcp437tHE-RhPCP8LnbV-RnM6SkLa4SbscW5Tos52QY4_QcwCGWzc28tML5H-NnwDVbKeU
CODEN ERCNDD
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_025_57501_6
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00382_025_07640_9
crossref_primary_10_1038_s43247_025_02136_0
crossref_primary_10_1360_TB_2023_1068
crossref_primary_10_1088_1748_9326_ad984f
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00382_024_07452_3
crossref_primary_10_3390_fire7120477
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_60976_w
Cites_doi 10.1175/2007JCLI1928.1
10.1073/pnas.1302584110
10.1029/2018GL079940
10.1029/2010JD015197
10.1038/s41467-020-15820-w
10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00097.1
10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0337.1
10.1038/s41558-019-0512-y
10.1175/2007JCLI2146.1
10.1002/JGRD.50258
10.1038/s41467-022-33473-9
10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0649.1
10.1175/2009JCLI2317.1
10.2151/jmsj.2016-003
10.1029/2022GL102546
10.1029/2005JD006355
10.1175/2008JCLI2154.1
10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0032.1
10.1038/s41558-020-00963-x
10.1007/s00382-019-04715-2
10.1002/2013GL058504
10.1007/s40641-018-0110-5
10.1029/2019GL083383
10.1002/2016GL070396
10.1007/s00382-012-1564-0
10.1002/qj.49712051902
10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00543.1
10.1002/2014JD021642
10.1002/grl.50932
10.1175/1520‐0469(1974)031
10.1029/2022GL101773
10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00613.1
10.1029/2003GL018625
10.1038/s41467-022-31826-y
10.1002/asl2.475
10.1007/s10584-009-9736-6
10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00229.1
10.1002/2016GL068240
10.1002/2017GL074473
10.1175/2009JCLI3329.1
10.1038/ngeo248
10.1007/s10584-010-9973-8
10.1126/science.1125566
10.1029/2006GL028443
10.1038/s41612-020-00151-w
10.1002/joc.4312
10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0336.1
10.1029/2020GL087232
10.1038/nclimate2941
10.1002/2017JD026468
10.1002/2015GL066858
10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00541.1
10.1007/s00382-011-1270-3
10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2688:MOGWIO>2.0.CO;2
10.1175/2009jas2924.1
10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00726.1
10.1007/s00382-012-1287-2
10.1002/jgrd.50111
10.1038/s41558-018-0246-2
10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0572.1
10.1029/2004JD005413
10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0993.1
10.1175/JCLI4126.1
10.1175/JCLI-D-20-1012.1
10.1038/s41467-020-18187-0
10.1038/ngeo1792
10.1038/ncomms15771
10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0369.1
10.1038/ngeo1744
10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0102.1
10.1175/JCLI3990.1
10.1029/2009GL041303
10.1038/ngeo1987
10.1029/2007GL030327
10.1088/1748-9326/ac9328
10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0386:RSOTAP>2.0.CO;2
10.1002/2016JD025428
10.1007/s40641-019-00137-8
10.1029/2020GL090327
10.1038/s41558-018-0244-4
10.1175/2007JAS2415.1
10.1038/s41558-019-0603-9
10.1002/2015JD024458
10.1029/2019GL082969
10.1038/s41586-023-06544-0
10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00445.1
10.1038/s41561-018-0137-1
10.1029/2001JD001143
10.1029/2020GL089846
10.1038/s41558-021-01066-x
10.1175/2010JCLI3505.1
10.1073/pnas.1418682112
10.1002/joc.6264
10.1073/pnas.2117832119
10.1038/ngeo2833
10.1175/2009JCLI3123.1
10.1002/2014GL059435
10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124002
10.1186/s40645-019-0304-z
10.1029/2005GL022937
10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0628.1
10.1002/jgrd.50206
10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0068.1
10.1029/2019EF001435
10.1029/2020RG000700
10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<4378:MTPIAS>2.0.CO;2
10.1038/nclimate1907
10.1038/s41598-022-23748-y
10.1175/2008JCLI2471.1
10.1038/nature13636
10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00216.1
10.1029/2019GL085809
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2023 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd
Copyright_xml – notice: 2023 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd
DBID O3W
TSCCA
AAYXX
CITATION
OTOTI
DOA
DOI 10.1088/2752-5295/acf606
DatabaseName Institute of Physics Open Access Journal Titles
IOPscience (Open Access)
CrossRef
OSTI.GOV
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList
CrossRef
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: O3W
  name: Institute of Physics Open Access Journal Titles
  url: http://iopscience.iop.org/
  sourceTypes:
    Enrichment Source
    Publisher
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
EISSN 2752-5295
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_87a6107e92f24c5b94d9080362d61715
1997913
10_1088_2752_5295_acf606
erclacf606
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China
  grantid: 42175029
  funderid: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
– fundername: the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
  grantid: 202312006, 202205010041, 202201013115
– fundername: Battelle Memorial Institute
  grantid: DE-AC05-76RL01830
– fundername: Science and Technology Innovation Project of Laoshan Laboratory
  grantid: LSKJ202202201
GroupedDBID ABHWH
ACHIP
AKPSB
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
CJUJL
GROUPED_DOAJ
N5L
O3W
TSCCA
AAYXX
CITATION
OTOTI
AEINN
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c377t-c101d824a48ef113139a4786098dd980b9de7dcb0b8d35f66e8306d0c998e7263
IEDL.DBID O3W
ISSN 2752-5295
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:22:16 EDT 2025
Mon Sep 11 05:25:30 EDT 2023
Tue Jul 01 04:31:09 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:51:35 EDT 2025
Wed Sep 27 04:07:33 EDT 2023
Wed Aug 21 03:40:49 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 4
Language English
License Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c377t-c101d824a48ef113139a4786098dd980b9de7dcb0b8d35f66e8306d0c998e7263
Notes ERCL-100189.R2
USDOE
ORCID 0000-0001-7891-8848
0000-0002-5829-7279
0000-0002-3221-9467
0000-0002-3004-1749
0000000232219467
0000000258297279
0000000178918848
0000000230041749
OpenAccessLink https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2752-5295/acf606
PageCount 21
ParticipantIDs crossref_citationtrail_10_1088_2752_5295_acf606
osti_scitechconnect_1997913
doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_87a6107e92f24c5b94d9080362d61715
iop_journals_10_1088_2752_5295_acf606
crossref_primary_10_1088_2752_5295_acf606
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2023-12-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2023-12-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 12
  year: 2023
  text: 2023-12-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace United Kingdom
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United Kingdom
PublicationTitle Environmental Research: Climate
PublicationTitleAbbrev ERCL
PublicationTitleAlternate Environ. Res.: Climate
PublicationYear 2023
Publisher IOP Publishing
Publisher_xml – name: IOP Publishing
References Ma (erclacf606bib67) 2015; 35
Nie (erclacf606bib75) 2010; 23
Lee (erclacf606bib63) 2014; 42
Feng (erclacf606bib37) 2013; 3
Su (erclacf606bib92) 2017; 8
Lu (erclacf606bib66) 2007; 34
Fasullo (erclacf606bib36) 2012; 39
Dwyer (erclacf606bib33) 2014; 27
Arakawa (erclacf606bib3) 1974; 31
Seth (erclacf606bib79) 2013; 26
Zhou (erclacf606bib111) 2020; 47
Su (erclacf606bib93) 2014; 119
Lau (erclacf606bib61) 2015; 112
Marvel (erclacf606bib69) 2017; 30
Zhou (erclacf606bib113) 2011; 116
Kang (erclacf606bib56) 2008; 21
Staten (erclacf606bib89) 2018; 8
Zhou (erclacf606bib108) 2022a; 13
Bui (erclacf606bib12) 2023; 50
Kumar (erclacf606bib59) 2015; 42
Wang (erclacf606bib97) 2020; 33
Wang (erclacf606bib98) 2002; 15
Fang (erclacf606bib35) 2022; 12
Donohoe (erclacf606bib30) 2019; 46
Fu (erclacf606bib40) 2013; 110
Schneider (erclacf606bib77) 2008; 65
Cook (erclacf606bib28) 2013; 118
Wodzicki (erclacf606bib100) 2016; 121
Biasutti (erclacf606bib6) 2009; 36
Moon (erclacf606bib71) 2020; 3
Bonan (erclacf606bib9) 2023; 36
Guo (erclacf606bib44) 2022; 17
Shongwe (erclacf606bib82) 2009; 22
Geng (erclacf606bib42) 2020; 33
Lau (erclacf606bib62) 2020; 33
Bombardi (erclacf606bib8) 2020; 40
Li (erclacf606bib64) 2006; 111
Byrne (erclacf606bib13) 2015; 28
Byrne (erclacf606bib14) 2018; 4
Hurley (erclacf606bib53) 2013; 26
Seth (erclacf606bib78) 2011; 104
Zhou (erclacf606bib110) 2022b; 35
Song (erclacf606bib86) 2021; 11
Xiang (erclacf606bib102) 2013; 26
Tan (erclacf606bib95) 2008; 21
Wu (erclacf606bib101) 2005; 32
Held (erclacf606bib48) 2006; 19
Schneider (erclacf606bib76) 2014; 513
Tian (erclacf606bib96) 2020; 47
Chadwick (erclacf606bib18) 2014; 41
McFarlane (erclacf606bib70) 2017; 44
Sobel (erclacf606bib83) 2000; 13
Chadwick (erclacf606bib17) 2013; 40
Zhang (erclacf606bib106) 2017; 122
Zhan (erclacf606bib105) 2016; 94
Huang (erclacf606bib52) 2013; 6
Kang (erclacf606bib55) 2009; 66
Giannini (erclacf606bib43) 2010; 23
Amaya (erclacf606bib2) 2020; 11
Bombardi (erclacf606bib7) 2021; 34
Hansen (erclacf606bib45) 2002; 107
Chou (erclacf606bib24) 2004; 17
Hill (erclacf606bib49) 2019; 5
Su (erclacf606bib94) 2020; 47
Chiang (erclacf606bib21) 2019; 46
Boos (erclacf606bib10) 2016; 9
Song (erclacf606bib87) 2020; 47
Chou (erclacf606bib23) 2012; 25
Chou (erclacf606bib25) 2009; 22
Kent (erclacf606bib57) 2015; 28
Adam (erclacf606bib1) 2023; 50
Xu (erclacf606bib104) 2022; 13
Bordoni (erclacf606bib11) 2008; 1
Chadwick (erclacf606bib19) 2013b; 40
Neelin (erclacf606bib73) 2003; 30
Chou (erclacf606bib27) 2007; 34
Song (erclacf606bib84) 2018a; 8
Emanuel (erclacf606bib34) 1994; 120
Chou (erclacf606bib22) 2013; 6
Chen (erclacf606bib20) 2020; 8
Zhou (erclacf606bib109) 2005; 110
Donat (erclacf606bib29) 2016; 6
Stevens (erclacf606bib90) 2019; 6
Seth (erclacf606bib80) 2010; 98
Nicknish (erclacf606bib74) 2023; 2
He (erclacf606bib47) 2014; 41
Hua (erclacf606bib50) 2016; 11
Zhang (erclacf606bib107) 2019; 32
Jiang (erclacf606bib54) 2019; 9
Frierson (erclacf606bib38) 2013; 6
Murray‐Tortarolo (erclacf606bib72) 2016; 43
Byrne (erclacf606bib15) 2016; 43
Song (erclacf606bib88) 2022; 119
Dunning (erclacf606bib32) 2018; 31
Shan (erclacf606bib81) 2023
Stowasser (erclacf606bib91) 2007; 20
Fu (erclacf606bib39) 2006; 312
Geen (erclacf606bib41) 2020; 58
Chadwick (erclacf606bib16) 2013a; 26
Chou (erclacf606bib26) 2008; 21
Song (erclacf606bib85) 2018b; 45
Dunning (erclacf606bib31) 2016; 121
Biasutti (erclacf606bib4) 2013; 118
Zhou (erclacf606bib112) 2019; 9
Biasutti (erclacf606bib5) 2018; 11
Harrop (erclacf606bib46) 2019; 53
Lambert (erclacf606bib60) 2017; 30
Mamalakis (erclacf606bib68) 2021; 11
Kitoh (erclacf606bib58) 2013; 118
Watanabe (erclacf606bib99) 2014; 27
Liang (erclacf606bib65) 2020; 11
Xie (erclacf606bib103) 2010; 23
Huang (erclacf606bib51) 2014; 15
References_xml – volume: 21
  start-page: 1309
  year: 2008
  ident: erclacf606bib26
  article-title: Hemispherical asymmetry of tropical precipitation in ECHAM5/MPI-OM during El Niño and under global warming
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/2007JCLI1928.1
– volume: 110
  start-page: 18110
  year: 2013
  ident: erclacf606bib40
  article-title: Increased dry-season length over southern Amazonia in recent decades and its implication for future climate projection
  publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1302584110
– volume: 45
  start-page: 11959
  year: 2018b
  ident: erclacf606bib85
  article-title: Future changes in seasonality of the North Pacific and North Atlantic subtropical highs
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1029/2018GL079940
– volume: 116
  year: 2011
  ident: erclacf606bib113
  article-title: Recent trends of the tropical hydrological cycle inferred from Global Precipitation Climatology Project and International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project data
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.
  doi: 10.1029/2010JD015197
– volume: 11
  start-page: 1903
  year: 2020
  ident: erclacf606bib2
  article-title: Physical drivers of the summer 2019 North Pacific marine heatwave
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15820-w
– volume: 25
  start-page: 222
  year: 2012
  ident: erclacf606bib23
  article-title: Changes in the annual range of precipitation under global warming
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00097.1
– volume: 36
  start-page: 3499
  year: 2023
  ident: erclacf606bib9
  article-title: Energetic constraints on the pattern of changes to the hydrological cycle under global warming
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0337.1
– volume: 9
  start-page: 617
  year: 2019
  ident: erclacf606bib54
  article-title: Widespread increase of boreal summer dry season length over the Congo rainforest
  publication-title: Nat. Clim. Change
  doi: 10.1038/s41558-019-0512-y
– volume: 21
  start-page: 3521
  year: 2008
  ident: erclacf606bib56
  article-title: The response of the ITCZ to extratropical thermal forcing: idealized slab‐ocean experiments with a GCM
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/2007JCLI2146.1
– volume: 118
  start-page: 3053
  year: 2013
  ident: erclacf606bib58
  article-title: Monsoons in a changing world: a regional perspective in a global context
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.
  doi: 10.1002/JGRD.50258
– volume: 13
  start-page: 5756
  year: 2022a
  ident: erclacf606bib108
  article-title: Diminishing seasonality of subtropical water availability in a warmer world dominated by soil moisture–atmosphere feedbacks
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33473-9
– volume: 30
  start-page: 4527
  year: 2017
  ident: erclacf606bib60
  article-title: Land–ocean shifts in tropical precipitation linked to surface temperature and humidity change
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0649.1
– volume: 22
  start-page: 3819
  year: 2009
  ident: erclacf606bib82
  article-title: Projected changes in mean and extreme precipitation in Africa under global warming. Part I: Southern Africa
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/2009JCLI2317.1
– volume: 94
  start-page: 41
  year: 2016
  ident: erclacf606bib105
  article-title: Start and end dates of rainy season and their temporal change in recent decades over East Asia
  publication-title: J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan
  doi: 10.2151/jmsj.2016-003
– volume: 50
  year: 2023
  ident: erclacf606bib1
  article-title: Reduced tropical climate land area under global warming
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1029/2022GL102546
– volume: 111
  start-page: 111
  year: 2006
  ident: erclacf606bib64
  article-title: Rainfall and its seasonality over the Amazon in the 21st century as assessed by the coupled models for the IPCC AR4
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.
  doi: 10.1029/2005JD006355
– volume: 21
  start-page: 5585
  year: 2008
  ident: erclacf606bib95
  article-title: Mechanisms of global warming impacts on robustness of tropical precipitation asymmetry
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2154.1
– volume: 33
  start-page: 7897
  year: 2020
  ident: erclacf606bib42
  article-title: Seasonal dependency of tropical precipitation change under global warming
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0032.1
– volume: 11
  start-page: 143
  year: 2021
  ident: erclacf606bib68
  article-title: Zonally contrasting shifts of the tropical rain belt in response to climate change
  publication-title: Nat. Clim. Change
  doi: 10.1038/s41558-020-00963-x
– volume: 53
  start-page: 3463
  year: 2019
  ident: erclacf606bib46
  article-title: Sub-cloud moist entropy curvature as a predictor for changes in the seasonal cycle of tropical precipitation
  publication-title: Clim. Dyn.
  doi: 10.1007/s00382-019-04715-2
– volume: 41
  start-page: 610
  year: 2014
  ident: erclacf606bib18
  article-title: Surface warming patterns drive tropical rainfall pattern responses to CO2 forcing on all timescales
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1002/2013GL058504
– volume: 4
  start-page: 355
  year: 2018
  ident: erclacf606bib14
  article-title: Response of the intertropical convergence zone to climate change: location, width, and strength
  publication-title: Curr. Clim. Change Rep.
  doi: 10.1007/s40641-018-0110-5
– volume: 46
  start-page: 7536
  year: 2019
  ident: erclacf606bib21
  article-title: Intensification of the pre-Meiyu rainband in the late 21st century
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1029/2019GL083383
– volume: 43
  start-page: 11350
  year: 2016
  ident: erclacf606bib15
  article-title: Narrowing of the ITCZ in a warming climate: physical mechanisms
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1002/2016GL070396
– volume: 42
  start-page: 101
  year: 2014
  ident: erclacf606bib63
  article-title: Future change of global monsoon in the CMIP5
  publication-title: Clim. Dyn.
  doi: 10.1007/s00382-012-1564-0
– volume: 120
  start-page: 1111
  year: 1994
  ident: erclacf606bib34
  article-title: On large‐scale circulations in convecting atmospheres
  publication-title: Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.
  doi: 10.1002/qj.49712051902
– volume: 26
  start-page: 3803
  year: 2013a
  ident: erclacf606bib16
  article-title: Spatial patterns of precipitation change in CMIP5: why the rich do not get richer in the tropics
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00543.1
– volume: 119
  start-page: 5787
  year: 2014
  ident: erclacf606bib93
  article-title: Weakening and strengthening structures in the Hadley circulation change under global warming and implications for cloud response and climate sensitivity
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.
  doi: 10.1002/2014JD021642
– volume: 40
  start-page: 4911
  year: 2013
  ident: erclacf606bib17
  article-title: Understanding nonlinear tropical precipitation responses to CO2 forcing
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1002/grl.50932
– volume: 31
  start-page: 674
  year: 1974
  ident: erclacf606bib3
  article-title: Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large‐scale environment, Part I
  publication-title: J. Atmos. Sci.
  doi: 10.1175/1520‐0469(1974)031
– volume: 50
  year: 2023
  ident: erclacf606bib12
  article-title: Projected changes in the seasonal cycle of Madden‐Julian oscillation precipitation and wind amplitude
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1029/2022GL101773
– volume: 28
  start-page: 4390
  year: 2015
  ident: erclacf606bib57
  article-title: Understanding uncertainties in future projections of seasonal tropical precipitation
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00613.1
– volume: 30
  start-page: 2275
  year: 2003
  ident: erclacf606bib73
  article-title: Tropical drought regions in global warming and El Niño teleconnections
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1029/2003GL018625
– volume: 13
  start-page: 4093
  year: 2022
  ident: erclacf606bib104
  article-title: Rising ecosystem water demand exacerbates the lengthening of tropical dry seasons
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31826-y
– volume: 15
  start-page: 103
  year: 2014
  ident: erclacf606bib51
  article-title: Regional response of annual-mean tropical rainfall to global warming
  publication-title: Atmos. Sci. Lett.
  doi: 10.1002/asl2.475
– volume: 98
  start-page: 331
  year: 2010
  ident: erclacf606bib80
  article-title: CMIP3 projected changes in the annual cycle of the South American Monsoon
  publication-title: Clim. Change
  doi: 10.1007/s10584-009-9736-6
– volume: 26
  start-page: 9507
  year: 2013
  ident: erclacf606bib53
  article-title: Interannual variability of monsoon precipitation and local subcloud equivalent potential temperature
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00229.1
– volume: 43
  start-page: 2632
  year: 2016
  ident: erclacf606bib72
  article-title: The dry season intensity as a key driver of NPP trends
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1002/2016GL068240
– volume: 2
  year: 2023
  ident: erclacf606bib74
  article-title: Regional tropical rainfall shifts under global warming: an energetic perspective
  publication-title: Environ. Res.
– volume: 44
  start-page: 8656
  year: 2017
  ident: erclacf606bib70
  article-title: The role of ocean fluxes and radiative forcings in determining tropical rainfall shifts in RCP 8.5 simulations
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1002/2017GL074473
– volume: 23
  start-page: 966
  year: 2010
  ident: erclacf606bib103
  article-title: Global warming pattern formation: sea surface temperature and rainfall
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/2009JCLI3329.1
– volume: 1
  start-page: 515
  year: 2008
  ident: erclacf606bib11
  article-title: Monsoons as eddy‐mediated regime transitions of the tropical overturning circulation
  publication-title: Nat. Geosci.
  doi: 10.1038/ngeo248
– volume: 104
  start-page: 403
  year: 2011
  ident: erclacf606bib78
  article-title: Enhanced spring convective barrier for monsoons in a warmer world?
  publication-title: Clim. Change
  doi: 10.1007/s10584-010-9973-8
– volume: 312
  start-page: 1179
  year: 2006
  ident: erclacf606bib39
  article-title: Enhanced mid-latitude tropospheric warming in satellite measurements
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1125566
– volume: 34
  year: 2007
  ident: erclacf606bib66
  article-title: Expansion of the Hadley cell under global warming
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1029/2006GL028443
– volume: 3
  start-page: 45
  year: 2020
  ident: erclacf606bib71
  article-title: Future changes in monsoon duration and precipitation using CMIP6
  publication-title: npj Clim. Atmos. Sci.
  doi: 10.1038/s41612-020-00151-w
– volume: 35
  start-page: 4631
  year: 2015
  ident: erclacf606bib67
  article-title: Observed trends in the timing of wet and dry season in China and the associated changes in frequency and duration of daily precipitation
  publication-title: Int. J. Climatol.
  doi: 10.1002/joc.4312
– volume: 35
  start-page: 4365
  year: 2022b
  ident: erclacf606bib110
  article-title: Linking large-scale double-ITCZ bias to local-scale drizzling bias in climate models
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0336.1
– volume: 47
  year: 2020
  ident: erclacf606bib96
  article-title: The double‐ITCZ bias in CMIP3, CMIP5 and CMIP6 models based on annual mean precipitation
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1029/2020GL087232
– volume: 6
  start-page: 508
  year: 2016
  ident: erclacf606bib29
  article-title: More extreme precipitation in the world’s dry and wet regions
  publication-title: Nat. Clim. Change
  doi: 10.1038/nclimate2941
– volume: 122
  start-page: 5808
  year: 2017
  ident: erclacf606bib106
  article-title: Wetting and greening Tibetan Plateau in early summer in recent decades
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.
  doi: 10.1002/2017JD026468
– volume: 42
  start-page: 10867
  year: 2015
  ident: erclacf606bib59
  article-title: Revisiting trends in wetness and dryness in the presence of internal climate variability and water limitations over land
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1002/2015GL066858
– volume: 27
  start-page: 5163
  year: 2014
  ident: erclacf606bib99
  article-title: Decadal-scale variation of South Asian summer monsoon onset and its relationship with the Pacific decadal oscillation
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00541.1
– volume: 39
  start-page: 1137
  year: 2012
  ident: erclacf606bib36
  article-title: A mechanism for land–ocean contrasts in global monsoon trends in a warming climate
  publication-title: Clim. Dyn.
  doi: 10.1007/s00382-011-1270-3
– volume: 17
  start-page: 2688
  year: 2004
  ident: erclacf606bib24
  article-title: Mechanisms of global warming impacts on regional tropical precipitation
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2688:MOGWIO>2.0.CO;2
– volume: 66
  start-page: 2812
  year: 2009
  ident: erclacf606bib55
  article-title: The tropical response to extratropical thermal forcing in an idealized GCM: the importance of radiative feedbacks and convective parameterization
  publication-title: J. Atmos. Sci.
  doi: 10.1175/2009jas2924.1
– volume: 26
  start-page: 7328
  year: 2013
  ident: erclacf606bib79
  article-title: CMIP5 projected changes in the annual cycle of precipitation in monsoon regions
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00726.1
– volume: 40
  start-page: 295
  year: 2013b
  ident: erclacf606bib19
  article-title: Asymmetries in tropical rainfall and circulation patterns in idealised CO2 removal experiments
  publication-title: Clim. Dyn.
  doi: 10.1007/s00382-012-1287-2
– volume: 118
  start-page: 1690
  year: 2013
  ident: erclacf606bib28
  article-title: The response of the North American Monsoon to increased greenhouse gas forcing
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.
  doi: 10.1002/jgrd.50111
– volume: 8
  start-page: 768
  year: 2018
  ident: erclacf606bib89
  article-title: Re-examining tropical expansion
  publication-title: Nat. Clim. Change
  doi: 10.1038/s41558-018-0246-2
– volume: 30
  start-page: 4983
  year: 2017
  ident: erclacf606bib69
  article-title: Observed and projected changes to the precipitation annual cycle
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0572.1
– volume: 110
  year: 2005
  ident: erclacf606bib109
  article-title: Atmospheric water vapor transport associated with typical anomalous summer rainfall patterns in China
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.
  doi: 10.1029/2004JD005413
– volume: 33
  start-page: 6471
  year: 2020
  ident: erclacf606bib97
  article-title: Understanding future change of global monsoons projected by CMIP6 models
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0993.1
– volume: 20
  start-page: 2378
  year: 2007
  ident: erclacf606bib91
  article-title: Tropical cyclone changes in the western North Pacific in a global warming scenario
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI4126.1
– volume: 34
  start-page: 8615
  year: 2021
  ident: erclacf606bib7
  article-title: Explaining globally inhomogeneous future changes in monsoons using simple moist energy diagnostics
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-1012.1
– volume: 11
  start-page: 4390
  year: 2020
  ident: erclacf606bib65
  article-title: Amplified seasonal cycle in hydroclimate over the Amazon river basin and its plume region
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18187-0
– volume: 6
  start-page: 357
  year: 2013
  ident: erclacf606bib52
  article-title: Patterns of the seasonal response of tropical rainfall to global warming
  publication-title: Nat. Geosci.
  doi: 10.1038/ngeo1792
– volume: 8
  year: 2017
  ident: erclacf606bib92
  article-title: Tightening of tropical ascent and high clouds key to precipitation change in a warmer climate
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/ncomms15771
– volume: 28
  start-page: 8078
  year: 2015
  ident: erclacf606bib13
  article-title: The response of precipitation minus evapotranspiration to climate warming: why the “wet-get-wetter, dry-get-drier” scaling does not hold over land
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0369.1
– volume: 6
  start-page: 263
  year: 2013
  ident: erclacf606bib22
  article-title: Increase in the range between wet and dry season precipitation
  publication-title: Nat. Geosci.
  doi: 10.1038/ngeo1744
– volume: 31
  start-page: 9719
  year: 2018
  ident: erclacf606bib32
  article-title: Later wet seasons with more intense rainfall over Africa under future climate change
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0102.1
– volume: 19
  start-page: 5686
  year: 2006
  ident: erclacf606bib48
  article-title: Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI3990.1
– volume: 36
  year: 2009
  ident: erclacf606bib6
  article-title: Delayed Sahel rainfall and global seasonal cycle in a warmer climate
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1029/2009GL041303
– volume: 6
  start-page: 940
  year: 2013
  ident: erclacf606bib38
  article-title: Contribution of ocean overturning circulation to tropical rainfall peak in the northern hemisphere
  publication-title: Nat. Geosci.
  doi: 10.1038/ngeo1987
– volume: 34
  year: 2007
  ident: erclacf606bib27
  article-title: Asymmetry of tropical precipitation change under global warming
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1029/2007GL030327
– volume: 17
  year: 2022
  ident: erclacf606bib44
  article-title: Regime shifts of the wet and dry seasons in the tropics under global warming
  publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac9328
– volume: 15
  start-page: 386
  year: 2002
  ident: erclacf606bib98
  article-title: Rainy season of the Asian–Pacific summer monsoon
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0386:RSOTAP>2.0.CO;2
– volume: 121
  start-page: 11405
  year: 2016
  ident: erclacf606bib31
  article-title: The onset and cessation of seasonal rainfall over Africa
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.
  doi: 10.1002/2016JD025428
– volume: 5
  start-page: 160
  year: 2019
  ident: erclacf606bib49
  article-title: Theories for past and future monsoon rainfall changes
  publication-title: Curr. Clim. Change Rep.
  doi: 10.1007/s40641-019-00137-8
– volume: 47
  year: 2020
  ident: erclacf606bib87
  article-title: Contrasting phase changes of precipitation annual cycle between land and ocean under global warming
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1029/2020GL090327
– volume: 8
  start-page: 787
  year: 2018a
  ident: erclacf606bib84
  article-title: Seasonally dependent responses of subtropical highs and tropical rainfall to anthropogenic warming
  publication-title: Nat. Clim. Change
  doi: 10.1038/s41558-018-0244-4
– volume: 65
  start-page: 915
  year: 2008
  ident: erclacf606bib77
  article-title: Eddy‐mediated regime transitions in the seasonal cycle of a Hadley circulation and implications for monsoon dynamics
  publication-title: J. Atmos. Sci.
  doi: 10.1175/2007JAS2415.1
– volume: 9
  start-page: 834
  year: 2019
  ident: erclacf606bib112
  article-title: Enhanced equatorial warming causes deep-tropical contraction and subtropical monsoon shift
  publication-title: Nat. Clim. Change
  doi: 10.1038/s41558-019-0603-9
– volume: 121
  start-page: 3153
  year: 2016
  ident: erclacf606bib100
  article-title: Long-term characterization of the Pacific ITCZ using TRMM, GPCP, and ERA-Interim
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.
  doi: 10.1002/2015JD024458
– volume: 46
  start-page: 9958
  year: 2019
  ident: erclacf606bib30
  article-title: Controls on the width of tropical precipitation and its contraction under global warming
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1029/2019GL082969
– year: 2023
  ident: erclacf606bib81
  article-title: Seasonal advance of intense tropical cyclones in a warming climate
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06544-0
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1993
  year: 2013
  ident: erclacf606bib102
  article-title: Mechanisms for the advanced Asian summer monsoon onset since the mid-to-late 1990s
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00445.1
– volume: 11
  start-page: 392
  year: 2018
  ident: erclacf606bib5
  article-title: Global energetics and local physics as drivers of past, present and future monsoons
  publication-title: Nat. Geosci.
  doi: 10.1038/s41561-018-0137-1
– volume: 107
  start-page: 4347
  year: 2002
  ident: erclacf606bib45
  article-title: Climate forcings in Goddard Institute for Space Studies SI2000 simulations
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.
  doi: 10.1029/2001JD001143
– volume: 47
  year: 2020
  ident: erclacf606bib111
  article-title: Contrasting recent and future ITCZ changes from distinct tropical warming patterns
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1029/2020GL089846
– volume: 11
  start-page: 605
  year: 2021
  ident: erclacf606bib86
  article-title: Emergence of seasonal delay of tropical rainfall during 1979–2019
  publication-title: Nat. Clim. Change
  doi: 10.1038/s41558-021-01066-x
– volume: 23
  start-page: 4416
  year: 2010
  ident: erclacf606bib75
  article-title: Observational evaluation of a convective quasi-equilibrium view of monsoons
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3505.1
– volume: 112
  start-page: 3630
  year: 2015
  ident: erclacf606bib61
  article-title: Robust Hadley circulation changes and increasing global dryness due to CO2 warming from CMIP5 model projections
  publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1418682112
– volume: 40
  start-page: 641
  year: 2020
  ident: erclacf606bib8
  article-title: Detection, variability, and predictability of monsoon onset and withdrawal dates: a review
  publication-title: Int. J. Climatol.
  doi: 10.1002/joc.6264
– volume: 119
  year: 2022
  ident: erclacf606bib88
  article-title: Trends in surface equivalent potential temperature: a more comprehensive metric for global warming and weather extremes
  publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.2117832119
– volume: 9
  start-page: 892
  year: 2016
  ident: erclacf606bib10
  article-title: Regional energy budget control of the intertropical convergence zone and application to mid-Holocene rainfall
  publication-title: Nat. Geosci.
  doi: 10.1038/ngeo2833
– volume: 23
  start-page: 743
  year: 2010
  ident: erclacf606bib43
  article-title: Mechanisms of climate change in the semiarid African Sahel: the local view
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/2009JCLI3123.1
– volume: 41
  start-page: 2614
  year: 2014
  ident: erclacf606bib47
  article-title: The robustness of the atmospheric circulation and precipitation response to future anthropogenic surface warming
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1002/2014GL059435
– volume: 11
  year: 2016
  ident: erclacf606bib50
  article-title: Possible causes of the Central Equatorial African long-term drought
  publication-title: Environ. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124002
– volume: 6
  start-page: 61
  year: 2019
  ident: erclacf606bib90
  article-title: DYAMOND: the DYnamics of the atmospheric general circulation modeled on non-hydrostatic domains
  publication-title: Prog. Earth Planet. Sci.
  doi: 10.1186/s40645-019-0304-z
– volume: 32
  year: 2005
  ident: erclacf606bib101
  article-title: Growing typhoon influence on East Asia
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1029/2005GL022937
– volume: 32
  start-page: 5437
  year: 2019
  ident: erclacf606bib107
  article-title: Future intensification of the water cycle with an enhanced annual cycle over global land monsoon regions
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0628.1
– volume: 118
  start-page: 1613
  year: 2013
  ident: erclacf606bib4
  article-title: Forced Sahel rainfall trends in the CMIP5 archive
  publication-title: J. Geophys. Res.
  doi: 10.1002/jgrd.50206
– volume: 33
  start-page: 8737
  year: 2020
  ident: erclacf606bib62
  article-title: Precipitation–radiation–circulation feedback processes associated with structural changes of the ITCZ in a warming climate during 1980–2014: an observational portrayal
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0068.1
– volume: 8
  year: 2020
  ident: erclacf606bib20
  article-title: Projected changes in the annual range of precipitation under stabilized 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming futures
  publication-title: Earth’s Future
  doi: 10.1029/2019EF001435
– volume: 58
  year: 2020
  ident: erclacf606bib41
  article-title: Monsoons, ITCZs, and the concept of the global monsoon
  publication-title: Rev. Geophys.
  doi: 10.1029/2020RG000700
– volume: 13
  start-page: 4378
  year: 2000
  ident: erclacf606bib83
  article-title: Modeling tropical precipitation in a single column
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<4378:MTPIAS>2.0.CO;2
– volume: 3
  start-page: 811
  year: 2013
  ident: erclacf606bib37
  article-title: Changes in rainfall seasonality in the tropics
  publication-title: Nat. Clim. Change
  doi: 10.1038/nclimate1907
– volume: 12
  year: 2022
  ident: erclacf606bib35
  article-title: Shifting in the global flood timing
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-23748-y
– volume: 22
  start-page: 1982
  year: 2009
  ident: erclacf606bib25
  article-title: Evaluating the ‘‘rich-get-richer’’ mechanism in tropical precipitation change under global warming
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2471.1
– volume: 513
  start-page: 45
  year: 2014
  ident: erclacf606bib76
  article-title: Migrations and dynamics of the intertropical convergence zone
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/nature13636
– volume: 27
  start-page: 4544
  year: 2014
  ident: erclacf606bib33
  article-title: The effect of greenhouse gas–induced changes in SST on the annual cycle of zonal mean tropical precipitation
  publication-title: J. Clim.
  doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00216.1
– volume: 47
  year: 2020
  ident: erclacf606bib94
  article-title: Observed tightening of tropical ascent in recent decades and linkage to regional precipitation changes
  publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett.
  doi: 10.1029/2019GL085809
SSID ssj0002856999
Score 2.3258517
Snippet Aided by progress in the theoretical understanding, new knowledge on tropical rainfall annual cycle changes under global warming background has been advanced...
Abstract Aided by progress in the theoretical understanding, new knowledge on tropical rainfall annual cycle changes under a global warming background has been...
SourceID doaj
osti
crossref
iop
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 42001
SubjectTerms annual cycle
global warming
ITCZs
monsoons
tropical rainfall
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3NS8MwFA-ykxdRVKxTyUEPHko_kjaJtymOISgIDnYLbT5gUtqxdQf_e1-aOuplXjy2JG15Ly-_32veB0K3toBlAlAWKsZJSFVCQp4xGlpAi9iaMibaJSe_vuWzOX1ZZItBqy8XE-bLA3vBRZwVgPDMiBSmq6wUVAtgObDvagDfLr08BcwbOFOf3S-jLAfq059LgiVFKcuc1yWyqFA2dw2OBjjUlesHdFk2K7howLgGIDM9Rkc9O8QT_1Un6MDUp-h94s_pN3hZ4-0wGQUDe8M-dXeDG4vbdbNyQseu74Mtqgr7kqNYfcHjHnCBfabKGZpPnz-eZmHfCSFUhLE2VGA4mqe0oNzYJCFA2wrKeB4LrrXgcSm0YVqVcck1yWyeGw6ugI4VOFOGpTk5R6O6qc0FwqkC0pOw3DDDqCK2LIEQERtnIBsVGxKg6EcuUvVlwl23ikp2x9WcSydJ6SQpvSQDdL-bsfIlMvaMfXSi3o1zxa27G6By2atc_qXyAN2BomRvbJs9L8O_xpm1qmQqqYSNCtBZrrQN0NhpWwLdcDVzlQsuUq100TciIZf_8bVjdOha1PsQmCs0atdbcw1Epi1vujX7Df6d6Pg
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
Title Advances in understanding the changes of tropical rainfall annual cycle: a review
URI https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2752-5295/acf606
https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1997913
https://doaj.org/article/87a6107e92f24c5b94d9080362d61715
Volume 2
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3NS8MwFA9jXryIouKcjhz04KGubT6rpymOIagIDncLbT5AGOvYuoP_vS9NHRvI8NaWpCm_95L3e817LwhduRzUBExZpIUkEdUJiSQTNHJgLWJni5gYn5z88spHY_o8YZMWul_nwpTzZum_hctQKDhA2ATEyX4qmPefMtbPteO-3PYekVz6eK438rn-wZJKxoH9NFuTf3XcMkV1xX4wMDAq3JQwvzbszPAQHTQEEQ_C5xyhlp0do_dB2Kpf4q8ZXm3mo2AgcDhk7y5x6XC1KOced-yPfnD5dIpD1VGsv-F1dzjHIVnlBI2HTx-Po6g5DCHSRIgq0jB3jExpTqV1SUKAueVUSB5n0phMxkVmrDC6iAtpCHOcWwnegIk1-FNWpJycovasnNkzhFMNvCcR3AorqCauKIATERczwEbHlnRQ_xcXpZtK4f7Aiqmqd6ylVB5J5ZFUAckOuln3mIcqGTvaPnio1-18fev6AchaNbJWUuTA64TNUlAazYqMmgy4LVhbA5QrYR10DYJSzXxb7hgMb7WzCz1VqaIK1iow0GpuXAd1vbQVqJ0vm6t9fJGulA_AyRJy_s-BumjfH0QfAl0uULtarOwl0JWq6NVufq9Wzh-hWeFu
linkProvider IOP Publishing
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3LTtwwFLUKlSo2CNRWHYaHF2XRRTpJbMcOO2gZQUtpKxWVnZX4ISGNJqOZsOjfcxy7I5Aq1F0S2XF077XPcXwfhLz3DcwEUJYZqVjGTcEyJSTPPNAi967NmQ3Byd-uq4sb_uVW3KY6p0MsTLdIS_9HXMZEwVGEySFOTUopwv6pFpPGePDvycL6DfJSMEANDPo7-73-yVIqUYEBpePJf3V-AkdD1n6ADEbGTYc59ghrpjtkO5FEeho_aZe8cPPX5OdpPK5f0bs5vX8ck0JB4miM4F3RztN-2S2C7Gko_-Cb2YzGzKPU_MHrTmhDY8DKG3IzPf_16SJLBREyw6TsM4P5Y1XJG66cLwoG9tZwqaq8VtbWKm9r66Q1bd4qy4SvKqewI7C5wZ7KybJib8nmvJu7d4SWBtynkJWTTnLDfNuCFzGfC8jG5I6NyOSvXLRJ2cJD0YqZHk6tldJBkjpIUkdJjsiHdY9FzJTxTNuzIOp1u5DjengAfeukb61kA24nXV3CcIxoa25r8FsgrgXtKsSIHENROs251TOD0Sft3NLMdKm5xnoFkNYwnxEZB21rmF5InWuCj5HpdXDCqQu2958DHZFXPz5P9dXl9dcx2Qp16aPfyz7Z7Jf37gDspW8PBwt9AE7m5Gg
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Advances+in+understanding+the+changes+of+tropical+rainfall+annual+cycle%3A+a+review&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research%3A+Climate&rft.au=Song%2C+Fengfei&rft.au=Leung%2C+L+Ruby&rft.au=Lu%2C+Jian&rft.au=Zhou%2C+Tianjun&rft.date=2023-12-01&rft.pub=IOP+Publishing&rft.eissn=2752-5295&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft_id=info:doi/10.1088%2F2752-5295%2Facf606&rft.externalDocID=erclacf606
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2752-5295&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2752-5295&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2752-5295&client=summon