Concurrent transport and removal of nitrate, phosphate and pesticides in low-cost metal- and carbon-based materials

Low-cost magnesium- and/or carbon-based materials have a great potential to remove soluble contaminants from surface and ground water. This study examined mechanisms that control the removal of nitrate, phosphate and pesticides (tricyclazole, malathion and isoprothiolane) during their transport thro...

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Published inChemosphere (Oxford) Vol. 230; pp. 84 - 91
Main Authors Tong, Dongli, Zhuang, Jie, Lee, Jaehoon, Buchanan, John, Chen, Xijuan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2019
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Abstract Low-cost magnesium- and/or carbon-based materials have a great potential to remove soluble contaminants from surface and ground water. This study examined mechanisms that control the removal of nitrate, phosphate and pesticides (tricyclazole, malathion and isoprothiolane) during their transport through calcined magnesia (MgO) and corn stalk biochar. Various miscible column breakthrough experiments were carried out and morphology and crystallographic structures of reactive materials were examined. Approximately 96% (78,950 mg-NO3-/kg) and 48% (27,455 mg-NO3-/kg) of nitrate were removed from biochar and MgO columns, respectively. Chemical adsorption dominated nitrate removal during early phase (i.e., <11 PVs for biochar and <100 PVs for MgO, respectively), and microbial denitrification dominated during the following phase. 92% of the applied phosphate (6168 mg-PO43-/kg) was removed in MgO column, while much less in biochar column (4%, 347 mg-PO43-/kg). Mineral surface analyses confirmed that electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange, and chemical precipitation were responsible for phosphate removal. For the three pesticides, biochar exhibited larger removal capacity (1260–2778 mg/kg) than MgO (28–2193 mg/kg) due to the functional groups on biochar. The removal of pesticides based on their physico-chemical properties. Malathion had highest removal rate (98–100%), attributing to chemical sorption and bio-degradation, followed by isoprothiolane (47–79%) and tricyclazole (6–64%). •Biochar showed good performance (∼96%) for the removal of nitrate.•Denitrification dominated nitrate removal after 2.3 days (11 PVs) in biochar and 20.8 days (100 PVs) in MgO.•MgO (∼92%) exhibited higher phosphate removal capacity than that of biochar (∼4%).•Both MgO and biochar showed a good performance for malathion and isoprothiolane removal.
AbstractList Low-cost magnesium- and/or carbon-based materials have a great potential to remove soluble contaminants from surface and ground water. This study examined mechanisms that control the removal of nitrate, phosphate and pesticides (tricyclazole, malathion and isoprothiolane) during their transport through calcined magnesia (MgO) and corn stalk biochar. Various miscible column breakthrough experiments were carried out and morphology and crystallographic structures of reactive materials were examined. Approximately 96% (78,950 mg-NO /kg) and 48% (27,455 mg-NO /kg) of nitrate were removed from biochar and MgO columns, respectively. Chemical adsorption dominated nitrate removal during early phase (i.e., <11 PVs for biochar and <100 PVs for MgO, respectively), and microbial denitrification dominated during the following phase. 92% of the applied phosphate (6168 mg-PO /kg) was removed in MgO column, while much less in biochar column (4%, 347 mg-PO /kg). Mineral surface analyses confirmed that electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange, and chemical precipitation were responsible for phosphate removal. For the three pesticides, biochar exhibited larger removal capacity (1260-2778 mg/kg) than MgO (28-2193 mg/kg) due to the functional groups on biochar. The removal of pesticides based on their physico-chemical properties. Malathion had highest removal rate (98-100%), attributing to chemical sorption and bio-degradation, followed by isoprothiolane (47-79%) and tricyclazole (6-64%).
Low-cost magnesium- and/or carbon-based materials have a great potential to remove soluble contaminants from surface and ground water. This study examined mechanisms that control the removal of nitrate, phosphate and pesticides (tricyclazole, malathion and isoprothiolane) during their transport through calcined magnesia (MgO) and corn stalk biochar. Various miscible column breakthrough experiments were carried out and morphology and crystallographic structures of reactive materials were examined. Approximately 96% (78,950 mg-NO3-/kg) and 48% (27,455 mg-NO3-/kg) of nitrate were removed from biochar and MgO columns, respectively. Chemical adsorption dominated nitrate removal during early phase (i.e., <11 PVs for biochar and <100 PVs for MgO, respectively), and microbial denitrification dominated during the following phase. 92% of the applied phosphate (6168 mg-PO43-/kg) was removed in MgO column, while much less in biochar column (4%, 347 mg-PO43-/kg). Mineral surface analyses confirmed that electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange, and chemical precipitation were responsible for phosphate removal. For the three pesticides, biochar exhibited larger removal capacity (1260–2778 mg/kg) than MgO (28–2193 mg/kg) due to the functional groups on biochar. The removal of pesticides based on their physico-chemical properties. Malathion had highest removal rate (98–100%), attributing to chemical sorption and bio-degradation, followed by isoprothiolane (47–79%) and tricyclazole (6–64%). •Biochar showed good performance (∼96%) for the removal of nitrate.•Denitrification dominated nitrate removal after 2.3 days (11 PVs) in biochar and 20.8 days (100 PVs) in MgO.•MgO (∼92%) exhibited higher phosphate removal capacity than that of biochar (∼4%).•Both MgO and biochar showed a good performance for malathion and isoprothiolane removal.
Author Lee, Jaehoon
Buchanan, John
Chen, Xijuan
Tong, Dongli
Zhuang, Jie
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Keywords Saturated flow condition
Nutrients removal
MgO
Pesticide
Biochar
Transport
Language English
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Snippet Low-cost magnesium- and/or carbon-based materials have a great potential to remove soluble contaminants from surface and ground water. This study examined...
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SubjectTerms Biochar
MgO
Nutrients removal
Pesticide
Saturated flow condition
Transport
Title Concurrent transport and removal of nitrate, phosphate and pesticides in low-cost metal- and carbon-based materials
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.056
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31102875
Volume 230
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