Experimental infection of Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus Hippoglossus with nodavirus: tissue distribution and immune response
Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus, age 8 mo and weighing 20 g, were challenged by either intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) or by bath exposure using nodavirus isolated from Atlantic halibut. Fish were sampled at intervals over a 41 d period, starting on Day 5 post-challenge. Although no clin...
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Published in | Diseases of aquatic organisms Vol. 53; no. 3; pp. 211 - 221 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oldendorf
Inter-Research
27.02.2003
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Abstract | Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus, age 8 mo and weighing 20 g, were challenged by either intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) or by bath exposure using nodavirus isolated from Atlantic halibut. Fish were sampled at intervals over a 41 d period, starting on Day 5 post-challenge. Although no clinical disease or mortality was recorded, the data show that nodavirus did successfully propagate in i.p.-challenged fish. Using conventional end-point reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, nodavirus was detected in the kidney of all examined i.p.-challenged fish, and further in the head, heart, liver and posterior intestine of most of these individuals. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed that the amount of virus in head samples from the i.p.-challenged group increased during the experiment. The presence of nodavirus in nervous tissue of i.p.-challenged fish was detected by immunohistochemistry from Day 13 post-challenge. In the retina, virus positive cells were found adjacent to the circumferential germinal zone at the ciliary margin towards the iris. In the brain, a few positive cells were detected in the tectum opticum. An ELISA was developed to detect anti-nodavirus activity in plasma. The method included an optimized coating procedure, which allowed the use of non-purified nodavirus as the coating antigen in a simple indirect ELISA. An anti-nodavirus antibody response was detected from Day 19 post-challenge in i.p.-challenged fish, while a response was not detected in the bath-challenged or control fish. This experiment demonstrates a subclinical nodavirus infection in Atlantic halibut at a post-juvenile stage induced by i.p. injection of virus. |
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AbstractList | Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus, age 8 mo and weighing 20 g, were challenged by either intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) or by bath exposure using nodavirus isolated from Atlantic halibut. Fish were sampled at intervals over a 41 d period, starting on Day 5 post-challenge. Although no clinical disease or mortality was recorded, the data show that nodavirus did successfully propagate in i.p.-challenged fish. Using conventional end-point reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, nodavirus was detected in the kidney of all examined i.p.-challenged fish, and further in the head, heart, liver and posterior intestine of most of these individuals. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed that the amount of virus in head samples from the i.p.-challenged group increased during the experiment. The presence of nodavirus in nervous tissue of i.p.-challenged fish was detected by immunohistochemistry from Day 13 post-challenge. In the retina, virus positive cells were found adjacent to the circumferential germinal zone at the ciliary margin towards the iris. In the brain, a few positive cells were detected in the tectum opticum. An ELISA was developed to detect anti-nodavirus activity in plasma. The method included an optimized coating procedure, which allowed the use of non-purified nodavirus as the coating antigen in a simple indirect ELISA. An anti-nodavirus antibody response was detected from Day 19 post-challenge in i.p.-challenged fish, while a response was not detected in the bath-challenged or control fish. This experiment demonstrates a subclinical nodavirus infection in Atlantic halibut at a post-juvenile stage induced by i.p. injection of virus. |
Author | DANNEVIG, B. H GROVE, S RANHEIM, T JOHANSEN, R REITAN, L. J |
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Keywords | Immunohistochemistry VER Hippoglossus hippoglossus Immunity Host virus relation Marine environment Pisces Nodaviridae VNN Localization Atlantic halibut Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction Farming animal Immune response Host Infection Virus Vertebrata Experimental disease Experimental infection Viral disease Antibodies RT-PCR ELISA assay Nodavirus Aquaculture ELISA |
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SubjectTerms | Animal aquaculture Animal productions Animals Antibodies, Viral - analysis Biological and medical sciences Brain - pathology Brain - virology Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - veterinary Fish Diseases - immunology Fish Diseases - virology Flounder Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gills - virology Heart - virology Hippoglossus hippoglossus Immunocompetence Immunohistochemistry - veterinary Injections, Intraperitoneal - veterinary Intestines - virology Kidney - virology Liver - virology Nodaviridae - immunology Nodaviridae - isolation & purification Nodaviridae - physiology Nodavirus Pisciculture Retina - pathology Retina - virology Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary RNA Virus Infections - immunology RNA Virus Infections - veterinary RNA Virus Infections - virology Vertebrate aquaculture |
Title | Experimental infection of Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus Hippoglossus with nodavirus: tissue distribution and immune response |
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