UV-assisted water splitting of stable Cl-doped ZnO nanorod photoanodes grown via facile sol-gel hydrothermal technique for enhanced solar energy harvesting applications

[Display omitted] •A photocurrent density of 2.16 mA cm−2 was observed for Cl-ZnO NRs.•LHE of ~97% has been achieved for the doped samples.•Low recombination rate and better electron-hole separation were observed.•Cl-ZnO NRs are envisioned to provide valuable platform for solar water splitting appli...

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Published inSolar energy Vol. 193; pp. 148 - 163
Main Authors Sahoo, Pooja, Sharma, Akash, Padhan, Subash, Udayabhanu, G., Thangavel, R.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Elsevier Ltd 15.11.2019
Pergamon Press Inc
Subjects
Absorption spectroscopy
Arrays
Density
Energy harvesting
Flat band potential
Illumination
Light harvesting efficiency
Nanorods
Photoanodes
Photoelectric effect
Photoelectric emission
Photostability
Photovoltaic cells
Silver chloride
Sol-gel processes
Solar energy
Solar hydrogen generation
Splitting
Water splitting
Zinc oxide
ZnO nanorods
ZnO nanorods
Flat band potential
Light harvesting efficiency
Photostability
Solar hydrogen generation
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Abstract [Display omitted] •A photocurrent density of 2.16 mA cm−2 was observed for Cl-ZnO NRs.•LHE of ~97% has been achieved for the doped samples.•Low recombination rate and better electron-hole separation were observed.•Cl-ZnO NRs are envisioned to provide valuable platform for solar water splitting application. Vertically aligned pristine ZnO and Cl-doped ZnO nanorod arrays were grown by a simple, cost-effective sol-gel and hydrothermal method. These nanorods (NRs) were fabricated to demonstrate their potential as highly efficient photoelectrodes to be used in photoelectrochemical water splitting applications. XRD measurements indicate that all the fabricated NRs have preferably grown along c-axis (0 0 2) direction. FESEM images confirmed hexagonal shaped NRs grown along (0 0 2) direction. The light harvesting efficiency of pristine ZnO NRs was enhanced with increase in doping concentration which is due to rise in absorbance as verified by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. When used as photoanodes in PEC water splitting under UV illumination, these NR arrays exhibits an enhanced photocurrent density of 2.16 mA cm−2 at 1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl which is much higher than undoped ZnO NRs (0.103 mA cm−2). Cl_Z3 photoanode exhibits a stable photocurrent density even after continuous illumination of 12 h. The significantly improved photoresponse behavior and high photostability with suitable bandgap and high light harvesting efficiency of these photoanodes provides valuable platforms for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting applications.
AbstractList Vertically aligned pristine ZnO and Cl-doped ZnO nanorod arrays were grown by a simple, cost-effective sol-gel and hydrothermal method. These nanorods (NRs) were fabricated to demonstrate their potential as highly efficient photoelectrodes to be used in photoelectrochemical water splitting applications. XRD measurements indicate that all the fabricated NRs have preferably grown along c-axis (0 0 2) direction. FESEM images confirmed hexagonal shaped NRs grown along (0 0 2) direction. The light harvesting efficiency of pristine ZnO NRs was enhanced with increase in doping concentration which is due to rise in absorbance as verified by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. When used as photoanodes in PEC water splitting under UV illumination, these NR arrays exhibits an enhanced photocurrent density of 2.16 mA cm−2 at 1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl which is much higher than undoped ZnO NRs (0.103 mA cm−2). Cl_Z3 photoanode exhibits a stable photocurrent density even after continuous illumination of 12 h. The significantly improved photoresponse behavior and high photostability with suitable bandgap and high light harvesting efficiency of these photoanodes provides valuable platforms for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting applications.
[Display omitted] •A photocurrent density of 2.16 mA cm−2 was observed for Cl-ZnO NRs.•LHE of ~97% has been achieved for the doped samples.•Low recombination rate and better electron-hole separation were observed.•Cl-ZnO NRs are envisioned to provide valuable platform for solar water splitting application. Vertically aligned pristine ZnO and Cl-doped ZnO nanorod arrays were grown by a simple, cost-effective sol-gel and hydrothermal method. These nanorods (NRs) were fabricated to demonstrate their potential as highly efficient photoelectrodes to be used in photoelectrochemical water splitting applications. XRD measurements indicate that all the fabricated NRs have preferably grown along c-axis (0 0 2) direction. FESEM images confirmed hexagonal shaped NRs grown along (0 0 2) direction. The light harvesting efficiency of pristine ZnO NRs was enhanced with increase in doping concentration which is due to rise in absorbance as verified by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. When used as photoanodes in PEC water splitting under UV illumination, these NR arrays exhibits an enhanced photocurrent density of 2.16 mA cm−2 at 1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl which is much higher than undoped ZnO NRs (0.103 mA cm−2). Cl_Z3 photoanode exhibits a stable photocurrent density even after continuous illumination of 12 h. The significantly improved photoresponse behavior and high photostability with suitable bandgap and high light harvesting efficiency of these photoanodes provides valuable platforms for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting applications.
Author Udayabhanu, G.
Thangavel, R.
Sahoo, Pooja
Sharma, Akash
Padhan, Subash
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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– sequence: 2
  givenname: Akash
  surname: Sharma
  fullname: Sharma, Akash
  organization: Solar Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
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  givenname: Subash
  surname: Padhan
  fullname: Padhan, Subash
  organization: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
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  givenname: G.
  surname: Udayabhanu
  fullname: Udayabhanu, G.
  organization: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
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  givenname: R.
  surname: Thangavel
  fullname: Thangavel, R.
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  organization: Solar Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
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Solar hydrogen generation
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Snippet [Display omitted] •A photocurrent density of 2.16 mA cm−2 was observed for Cl-ZnO NRs.•LHE of ~97% has been achieved for the doped samples.•Low recombination...
Vertically aligned pristine ZnO and Cl-doped ZnO nanorod arrays were grown by a simple, cost-effective sol-gel and hydrothermal method. These nanorods (NRs)...
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SubjectTerms Absorption spectroscopy
Arrays
Density
Energy harvesting
Flat band potential
Illumination
Light harvesting efficiency
Nanorods
Photoanodes
Photoelectric effect
Photoelectric emission
Photostability
Photovoltaic cells
Silver chloride
Sol-gel processes
Solar energy
Solar hydrogen generation
Splitting
Water splitting
Zinc oxide
ZnO nanorods
Title UV-assisted water splitting of stable Cl-doped ZnO nanorod photoanodes grown via facile sol-gel hydrothermal technique for enhanced solar energy harvesting applications
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.09.045
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2323406463
Volume 193
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