Hepatocellular carcinoma after direct‐acting antivirals for hepatitis C is associated with KIR‐HLA types predicting weak NK cell‐mediated immunity

Background and aims Second‐generation direct‐acting antivirals (2G DAA) to cure HCV have led to dramatic clinical improvements. HCV‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, remains common. Impaired immune tumor surveillance may play a role in HCC development. Our cohort evaluated the effe...

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Published inEuropean journal of immunology Vol. 54; no. 8; pp. e2350678 - n/a
Main Authors Ryan, James C., Haight, Christina, Niemi, Erene C., Grab, Joshua D., Dodge, Jennifer L., Lanier, Lewis L., Monto, Alexander
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.08.2024
Subjects
Adult
Aged
Antiviral Agents
Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use
Antiviral drugs
Carcinoma
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - immunology
Cirrhosis
Complementation
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Hepacivirus - immunology
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C - complications
Hepatitis C - drug therapy
Hepatitis C - immunology
Hepatitis C, Chronic - complications
Hepatitis C, Chronic - drug therapy
Hepatitis C, Chronic - immunology
Hepatocellular
Hepatocellular carcinoma
HLA Antigens - immunology
Humans
Immunity
Immunity, Cellular
Innate
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors
Killer Cells
Killer Cells, Natural - immunology
Liver cancer
Liver cirrhosis
Liver Neoplasms - immunology
Male
Middle Aged
Natural
Natural killer cells
Receptors, KIR - immunology
Tissue typing
Hepatocellular
Carcinoma
Killer Cells
Antiviral Agents
Innate
Hepatitis C
Natural
Immunity
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Abstract Background and aims Second‐generation direct‐acting antivirals (2G DAA) to cure HCV have led to dramatic clinical improvements. HCV‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, remains common. Impaired immune tumor surveillance may play a role in HCC development. Our cohort evaluated the effects of innate immune types and clinical variables on outcomes including HCC. Methods Participants underwent full HLA class I/KIR typing and long‐term HCV follow‐up. Results A total of 353 HCV+ participants were followed for a mean of 7 years. Cirrhosis: 25% at baseline, developed in 12% during follow‐up. 158 participants received 2G DAA therapy. HCC developed without HCV therapy in 20 subjects, 24 HCC after HCV therapy, and 10 of these after 2G DAA. Two predictors of HCC among 2G DAA‐treated patients: cirrhosis (OR, 10.0, p = 0.002) and HLA/KIR profiles predicting weak natural killer (NK) cell‐mediated immunity (NK cell complementation groups 6, 9, 11, 12, OR of 5.1, p = 0.02). Without 2G DAA therapy: cirrhosis was the main clinical predictor of HCC (OR, 30.8, p < 0.0001), and weak NK‐cell‐mediated immunity did not predict HCC. Conclusion Cirrhosis is the main risk state predisposing to HCC, but weak NK‐cell‐mediated immunity may predispose to post‐2G DAA HCC more than intermediate or strong NK‐cell‐mediated immunity. In patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis who are treated with 2G DAA, predicted weak NK‐cell‐mediated immunity may predispose to HCC development more than predicted intermediate or strong NK‐cell‐mediated immunity.
AbstractList Background and aims Second‐generation direct‐acting antivirals (2G DAA) to cure HCV have led to dramatic clinical improvements. HCV‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, remains common. Impaired immune tumor surveillance may play a role in HCC development. Our cohort evaluated the effects of innate immune types and clinical variables on outcomes including HCC. Methods Participants underwent full HLA class I/KIR typing and long‐term HCV follow‐up. Results A total of 353 HCV+ participants were followed for a mean of 7 years. Cirrhosis: 25% at baseline, developed in 12% during follow‐up. 158 participants received 2G DAA therapy. HCC developed without HCV therapy in 20 subjects, 24 HCC after HCV therapy, and 10 of these after 2G DAA. Two predictors of HCC among 2G DAA‐treated patients: cirrhosis (OR, 10.0, p = 0.002) and HLA/KIR profiles predicting weak natural killer (NK) cell‐mediated immunity (NK cell complementation groups 6, 9, 11, 12, OR of 5.1, p = 0.02). Without 2G DAA therapy: cirrhosis was the main clinical predictor of HCC (OR, 30.8, p < 0.0001), and weak NK‐cell‐mediated immunity did not predict HCC. Conclusion Cirrhosis is the main risk state predisposing to HCC, but weak NK‐cell‐mediated immunity may predispose to post‐2G DAA HCC more than intermediate or strong NK‐cell‐mediated immunity. In patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis who are treated with 2G DAA, predicted weak NK‐cell‐mediated immunity may predispose to HCC development more than predicted intermediate or strong NK‐cell‐mediated immunity.
Second-generation direct-acting antivirals (2G DAA) to cure HCV have led to dramatic clinical improvements. HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, remains common. Impaired immune tumor surveillance may play a role in HCC development. Our cohort evaluated the effects of innate immune types and clinical variables on outcomes including HCC.BACKGROUND AND AIMSSecond-generation direct-acting antivirals (2G DAA) to cure HCV have led to dramatic clinical improvements. HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, remains common. Impaired immune tumor surveillance may play a role in HCC development. Our cohort evaluated the effects of innate immune types and clinical variables on outcomes including HCC.Participants underwent full HLA class I/KIR typing and long-term HCV follow-up.METHODSParticipants underwent full HLA class I/KIR typing and long-term HCV follow-up.A total of 353 HCV+ participants were followed for a mean of 7 years. Cirrhosis: 25% at baseline, developed in 12% during follow-up. 158 participants received 2G DAA therapy. HCC developed without HCV therapy in 20 subjects, 24 HCC after HCV therapy, and 10 of these after 2G DAA. Two predictors of HCC among 2G DAA-treated patients: cirrhosis (OR, 10.0, p = 0.002) and HLA/KIR profiles predicting weak natural killer (NK) cell-mediated immunity (NK cell complementation groups 6, 9, 11, 12, OR of 5.1, p = 0.02). Without 2G DAA therapy: cirrhosis was the main clinical predictor of HCC (OR, 30.8, p < 0.0001), and weak NK-cell-mediated immunity did not predict HCC.RESULTSA total of 353 HCV+ participants were followed for a mean of 7 years. Cirrhosis: 25% at baseline, developed in 12% during follow-up. 158 participants received 2G DAA therapy. HCC developed without HCV therapy in 20 subjects, 24 HCC after HCV therapy, and 10 of these after 2G DAA. Two predictors of HCC among 2G DAA-treated patients: cirrhosis (OR, 10.0, p = 0.002) and HLA/KIR profiles predicting weak natural killer (NK) cell-mediated immunity (NK cell complementation groups 6, 9, 11, 12, OR of 5.1, p = 0.02). Without 2G DAA therapy: cirrhosis was the main clinical predictor of HCC (OR, 30.8, p < 0.0001), and weak NK-cell-mediated immunity did not predict HCC.Cirrhosis is the main risk state predisposing to HCC, but weak NK-cell-mediated immunity may predispose to post-2G DAA HCC more than intermediate or strong NK-cell-mediated immunity.CONCLUSIONCirrhosis is the main risk state predisposing to HCC, but weak NK-cell-mediated immunity may predispose to post-2G DAA HCC more than intermediate or strong NK-cell-mediated immunity.
Background and aimsSecond‐generation direct‐acting antivirals (2G DAA) to cure HCV have led to dramatic clinical improvements. HCV‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, remains common. Impaired immune tumor surveillance may play a role in HCC development. Our cohort evaluated the effects of innate immune types and clinical variables on outcomes including HCC.MethodsParticipants underwent full HLA class I/KIR typing and long‐term HCV follow‐up.ResultsA total of 353 HCV+ participants were followed for a mean of 7 years. Cirrhosis: 25% at baseline, developed in 12% during follow‐up. 158 participants received 2G DAA therapy. HCC developed without HCV therapy in 20 subjects, 24 HCC after HCV therapy, and 10 of these after 2G DAA. Two predictors of HCC among 2G DAA‐treated patients: cirrhosis (OR, 10.0, p = 0.002) and HLA/KIR profiles predicting weak natural killer (NK) cell‐mediated immunity (NK cell complementation groups 6, 9, 11, 12, OR of 5.1, p = 0.02). Without 2G DAA therapy: cirrhosis was the main clinical predictor of HCC (OR, 30.8, p < 0.0001), and weak NK‐cell‐mediated immunity did not predict HCC.ConclusionCirrhosis is the main risk state predisposing to HCC, but weak NK‐cell‐mediated immunity may predispose to post‐2G DAA HCC more than intermediate or strong NK‐cell‐mediated immunity.
Second-generation direct-acting antivirals (2G DAA) to cure HCV have led to dramatic clinical improvements. HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, remains common. Impaired immune tumor surveillance may play a role in HCC development. Our cohort evaluated the effects of innate immune types and clinical variables on outcomes including HCC. Participants underwent full HLA class I/KIR typing and long-term HCV follow-up. A total of 353 HCV+ participants were followed for a mean of 7 years. Cirrhosis: 25% at baseline, developed in 12% during follow-up. 158 participants received 2G DAA therapy. HCC developed without HCV therapy in 20 subjects, 24 HCC after HCV therapy, and 10 of these after 2G DAA. Two predictors of HCC among 2G DAA-treated patients: cirrhosis (OR, 10.0, p = 0.002) and HLA/KIR profiles predicting weak natural killer (NK) cell-mediated immunity (NK cell complementation groups 6, 9, 11, 12, OR of 5.1, p = 0.02). Without 2G DAA therapy: cirrhosis was the main clinical predictor of HCC (OR, 30.8, p < 0.0001), and weak NK-cell-mediated immunity did not predict HCC. Cirrhosis is the main risk state predisposing to HCC, but weak NK-cell-mediated immunity may predispose to post-2G DAA HCC more than intermediate or strong NK-cell-mediated immunity.
In patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis who are treated with 2G DAA, predicted weak NK cell-mediated immunity may predispose to HCC development more than predicted intermediate or strong NK cell-mediated immunity
Author Dodge, Jennifer L.
Haight, Christina
Niemi, Erene C.
Lanier, Lewis L.
Grab, Joshua D.
Ryan, James C.
Monto, Alexander
AuthorAffiliation 1 Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
3 Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
2 Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
4 Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
– name: 1 Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
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Keywords Hepatocellular
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Killer Cells
Antiviral Agents
Innate
Hepatitis C
Natural
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Author contributions: JCR and AM: study concept and design; JCR, CH, ECN, LLL, AM: acquisition of data and performance of immunological studies; JDG, JLD, AM: statistical analysis; JCR, JDG, JLD, LLL, AM: interpretation of analyses; JCR and AM: drafting of manuscript; JCR, JDG, JLD, LLL, AM: critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content; JCR and AM: obtained funding and provided study supervision.
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Snippet Background and aims Second‐generation direct‐acting antivirals (2G DAA) to cure HCV have led to dramatic clinical improvements. HCV‐associated hepatocellular...
Second-generation direct-acting antivirals (2G DAA) to cure HCV have led to dramatic clinical improvements. HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),...
Background and aimsSecond‐generation direct‐acting antivirals (2G DAA) to cure HCV have led to dramatic clinical improvements. HCV‐associated hepatocellular...
In patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis who are treated with 2G DAA, predicted weak NK cell-mediated immunity may predispose to HCC development more than...
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pubmed
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wiley
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Index Database
Publisher
StartPage e2350678
SubjectTerms Adult
Aged
Antiviral Agents
Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use
Antiviral drugs
Carcinoma
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - immunology
Cirrhosis
Complementation
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Hepacivirus - immunology
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C - complications
Hepatitis C - drug therapy
Hepatitis C - immunology
Hepatitis C, Chronic - complications
Hepatitis C, Chronic - drug therapy
Hepatitis C, Chronic - immunology
Hepatocellular
Hepatocellular carcinoma
HLA Antigens - immunology
Humans
Immunity
Immunity, Cellular
Innate
Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors
Killer Cells
Killer Cells, Natural - immunology
Liver cancer
Liver cirrhosis
Liver Neoplasms - immunology
Male
Middle Aged
Natural
Natural killer cells
Receptors, KIR - immunology
Tissue typing
Title Hepatocellular carcinoma after direct‐acting antivirals for hepatitis C is associated with KIR‐HLA types predicting weak NK cell‐mediated immunity
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Feji.202350678
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38700055
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3089842181
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3050938349
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11745084
Volume 54
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