Kratom (Mitragyna Speciosa) Liver Injury: A Comprehensive Review

• Published in: Drugs (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 80; no. 3; pp. 263 - 283
• Main Authors: Schimmel, Jonathan, Dart, Richard C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.02.2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Analgesics, Opioid - adverse effects; Analgesics, Opioid - chemistry; Analgesics, Opioid - isolation & purification; Bile; Biopsy; Cardiovascular disease; Case reports; Causality; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholestasis - chemically induced; Epidemiology; Gallbladder diseases; Hepatitis; Hepatotoxicity; Humans; Injuries; Internal Medicine; International organizations; Jaundice; Latency; Liver; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Mitragyna - chemistry; Narcotics; Opioid receptors (type mu); Pharmacology/Toxicology; Pharmacotherapy; Plant Leaves - chemistry; Review Article; Reviewing; Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids - adverse effects; Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids - chemistry; Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids - isolation & purification; Signs and symptoms; Subgroups; Thailand; United States > US; Malaysia

Kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa ) leaves contain the mu opioid partial agonists mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. The US Drug Enforcement Agency considers it a ‘drug of concern’, and the US FDA is reviewing kratom, but there is a paucity of information regarding health effects. Liver injury is often...