Spatial–Temporal Oxygenation Mapping Using a Near-Infrared Optical Scanner: Towards Peripheral Vascular Imaging

• Published in: Annals of biomedical engineering Vol. 51; no. 9; pp. 2035 - 2047
• Main Authors: Leiva, Kevin, Leizaola, Daniela, Gonzalez, Isabella, Dargam, Valentina, Alirezaei, Haniyeh, Kaile, Kacie, Robledo, Edwin, Hutcheson, Joshua, Godavarty, Anuradha
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.09.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animals; Biochemistry; Biological and Medical Physics; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering; Biomedicine; Biophysics; Calcification; Calcification (ectopic); Classical Mechanics; Feasibility studies; Hand; Hemoglobin; In vivo methods and tests; Infrared imaging; Infrared scanners; Infrared spectra; Infrared spectroscopy; Kidney diseases; Mapping; Medical imaging; Mice; Microcirculation - physiology; Near infrared radiation; Occlusion; Optical scanners; Original Article; Oxygen; Oxygenation; Perfusion; Real time; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared - methods; Time measurement; Tissues; Upper Extremity; Vascular Calcification; Vascular Diseases; Vascular occlusion; Vascular calcification; Vascular occlusion test; Perfusion; Hemoglobin-based concentration maps; Peripheral vascular imaging; Near-infrared spectroscopy
• ISSN: 0090-6964; 1573-9686; 1573-9686
• DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03229-7

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)—based peripheral perfusion, or microcirculation, can be used to assess the severity of peripheral vascular dysfunction. A low-cost, portable non-contact near-infrared optical scanner (NIROS) was developed for spatio-temporal mapping of tissue oxygenation and perfusion in tissues. In vivo validation studies were carried out on control subjects ( n  = 3) to assess the ability of NIROS to measure real-time oxygenation changes in response to an occlusion paradigm on the dorsum of the hand. NIROS captured real-time tissue oxygenation changes with 95% correlation when compared to a commercial device. A feasibility peripheral imaging study was performed in a mouse model ( n  = 5) of chronic kidney disease (CKD) induced vascular calcification to assess differences in microcirculatory peripheral tissue oxygenation. The tissue oxygenation (in terms of oxy-, deoxy-, and total hemoglobin changes) due to the occlusion paradigm was distinctly different prior to (week-6) and after the onset of vascular calcification (week-12) in the murine tails. Future work will involve extensive studies to correlate these microcirculatory tissue oxygenation changes in the peripheral tail to the vascular calcification in the heart.