Impact of Skeletal Muscle Loss and Sarcopenia on Outcomes of Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer during Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation
Background The impact of changes in skeletal muscle and sarcopenia on outcomes during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACR) for patients with esophageal cancer remains controversial. Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell c...
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Published in | Annals of surgical oncology Vol. 31; no. 6; pp. 3819 - 3829 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
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Springer International Publishing
01.06.2024
Springer Nature B.V |
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Abstract | Background
The impact of changes in skeletal muscle and sarcopenia on outcomes during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACR) for patients with esophageal cancer remains controversial.
Patients and Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer who received NACR followed by esophagectomy between June 2013 and December 2021. The images at third lumbar vertebra were analyzed to measure the cross-sectional area and calculate skeletal muscle index (SMI) before and after NACR. SMI less than 52.4 cm
2
/m
2
for men and less than 38.5 cm
2
/m
2
for women were defined as sarcopenia. The nonlinearity of the effect of percent changes in SMI (ΔSMI%) to survival outcomes was assessed by restricted cubic splines.
Results
Overall, data of 367 patients were analyzed. The survival outcomes between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups had no significant differences before NACR. However, patients in post-NACR sarcopenia group showed poor overall survival (OS) benefit (
P
= 0.016) and poor disease-free survival (DFS) (
P
= 0.043). Severe postoperative complication rates were 11.9% in post-NACR sarcopenia group and 5.0% in post-NACR non-sarcopenia group (
P
= 0.019). There was a significant non-linear relationship between ΔSMI% and survival outcomes (
P
< 0.05 for non-linear). On the multivariable analysis of OS, ΔSMI% > 12% was the independent prognostic factor (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.03–2.99,
P
= 0.039) and significant difference was also found on DFS analysis (
P
= 0.025).
Conclusions
Patients with post-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy sarcopenia have worse survival and adverse short-term outcomes. Moreover, greater loss in SMI is associated with increased risks of death and disease progression during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, with maximum impact noted with SMI loss greater than 12%. |
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AbstractList | The impact of changes in skeletal muscle and sarcopenia on outcomes during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACR) for patients with esophageal cancer remains controversial.
We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer who received NACR followed by esophagectomy between June 2013 and December 2021. The images at third lumbar vertebra were analyzed to measure the cross-sectional area and calculate skeletal muscle index (SMI) before and after NACR. SMI less than 52.4 cm
/m
for men and less than 38.5 cm
/m
for women were defined as sarcopenia. The nonlinearity of the effect of percent changes in SMI (ΔSMI%) to survival outcomes was assessed by restricted cubic splines.
Overall, data of 367 patients were analyzed. The survival outcomes between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups had no significant differences before NACR. However, patients in post-NACR sarcopenia group showed poor overall survival (OS) benefit (P = 0.016) and poor disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.043). Severe postoperative complication rates were 11.9% in post-NACR sarcopenia group and 5.0% in post-NACR non-sarcopenia group (P = 0.019). There was a significant non-linear relationship between ΔSMI% and survival outcomes (P < 0.05 for non-linear). On the multivariable analysis of OS, ΔSMI% > 12% was the independent prognostic factor (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.03-2.99, P = 0.039) and significant difference was also found on DFS analysis (P = 0.025).
Patients with post-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy sarcopenia have worse survival and adverse short-term outcomes. Moreover, greater loss in SMI is associated with increased risks of death and disease progression during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, with maximum impact noted with SMI loss greater than 12%. BackgroundThe impact of changes in skeletal muscle and sarcopenia on outcomes during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACR) for patients with esophageal cancer remains controversial.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer who received NACR followed by esophagectomy between June 2013 and December 2021. The images at third lumbar vertebra were analyzed to measure the cross-sectional area and calculate skeletal muscle index (SMI) before and after NACR. SMI less than 52.4 cm2/m2 for men and less than 38.5 cm2/m2 for women were defined as sarcopenia. The nonlinearity of the effect of percent changes in SMI (ΔSMI%) to survival outcomes was assessed by restricted cubic splines.ResultsOverall, data of 367 patients were analyzed. The survival outcomes between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups had no significant differences before NACR. However, patients in post-NACR sarcopenia group showed poor overall survival (OS) benefit (P = 0.016) and poor disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.043). Severe postoperative complication rates were 11.9% in post-NACR sarcopenia group and 5.0% in post-NACR non-sarcopenia group (P = 0.019). There was a significant non-linear relationship between ΔSMI% and survival outcomes (P < 0.05 for non-linear). On the multivariable analysis of OS, ΔSMI% > 12% was the independent prognostic factor (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.03–2.99, P = 0.039) and significant difference was also found on DFS analysis (P = 0.025).ConclusionsPatients with post-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy sarcopenia have worse survival and adverse short-term outcomes. Moreover, greater loss in SMI is associated with increased risks of death and disease progression during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, with maximum impact noted with SMI loss greater than 12%. Background The impact of changes in skeletal muscle and sarcopenia on outcomes during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACR) for patients with esophageal cancer remains controversial. Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer who received NACR followed by esophagectomy between June 2013 and December 2021. The images at third lumbar vertebra were analyzed to measure the cross-sectional area and calculate skeletal muscle index (SMI) before and after NACR. SMI less than 52.4 cm 2 /m 2 for men and less than 38.5 cm 2 /m 2 for women were defined as sarcopenia. The nonlinearity of the effect of percent changes in SMI (ΔSMI%) to survival outcomes was assessed by restricted cubic splines. Results Overall, data of 367 patients were analyzed. The survival outcomes between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups had no significant differences before NACR. However, patients in post-NACR sarcopenia group showed poor overall survival (OS) benefit ( P = 0.016) and poor disease-free survival (DFS) ( P = 0.043). Severe postoperative complication rates were 11.9% in post-NACR sarcopenia group and 5.0% in post-NACR non-sarcopenia group ( P = 0.019). There was a significant non-linear relationship between ΔSMI% and survival outcomes ( P < 0.05 for non-linear). On the multivariable analysis of OS, ΔSMI% > 12% was the independent prognostic factor (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.03–2.99, P = 0.039) and significant difference was also found on DFS analysis ( P = 0.025). Conclusions Patients with post-neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy sarcopenia have worse survival and adverse short-term outcomes. Moreover, greater loss in SMI is associated with increased risks of death and disease progression during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, with maximum impact noted with SMI loss greater than 12%. |
Author | Li, Xiao-Kun Fang, Pin-Hao Shang, Qi-Xin Xiao, Xin Zhou, Jian-Feng Yuan, Yong Yang, Yu-Shang Luan, Si-Yuan Chen, Long-Qi |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Xin surname: Xiao fullname: Xiao, Xin organization: Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University – sequence: 2 givenname: Pin-Hao surname: Fang fullname: Fang, Pin-Hao organization: Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University – sequence: 3 givenname: Jian-Feng surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Jian-Feng organization: Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University – sequence: 4 givenname: Xiao-Kun surname: Li fullname: Li, Xiao-Kun organization: Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University – sequence: 5 givenname: Qi-Xin surname: Shang fullname: Shang, Qi-Xin organization: Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University – sequence: 6 givenname: Yu-Shang surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Yu-Shang organization: Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University – sequence: 7 givenname: Si-Yuan surname: Luan fullname: Luan, Si-Yuan organization: Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University – sequence: 8 givenname: Long-Qi surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Long-Qi organization: Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University – sequence: 9 givenname: Yong surname: Yuan fullname: Yuan, Yong email: yongyuan@scu.edu.cn organization: Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University |
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Keywords | Skeletal muscle index Sarcopenia Chemoradiotherapy Esophageal cancer |
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The impact of changes in skeletal muscle and sarcopenia on outcomes during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACR) for patients with esophageal cancer... The impact of changes in skeletal muscle and sarcopenia on outcomes during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACR) for patients with esophageal cancer remains... BackgroundThe impact of changes in skeletal muscle and sarcopenia on outcomes during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACR) for patients with esophageal cancer... BACKGROUNDThe impact of changes in skeletal muscle and sarcopenia on outcomes during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACR) for patients with esophageal cancer... |
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SubjectTerms | Aged Cancer Chemoradiotherapy Chemoradiotherapy - adverse effects Chemoradiotherapy - mortality Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant Complications Esophageal cancer Esophageal Neoplasms - complications Esophageal Neoplasms - mortality Esophageal Neoplasms - pathology Esophageal Neoplasms - therapy Esophagectomy Esophagus Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Muscle, Skeletal - pathology Musculoskeletal system Neoadjuvant Therapy - mortality Nonlinear systems Oncology Postoperative Postoperative Complications - etiology Prognosis Retrospective Studies Sarcopenia Sarcopenia - etiology Sarcopenia - pathology Skeletal muscle Surgery Surgical Oncology Survival Rate Thoracic Oncology Vertebrae |
Title | Impact of Skeletal Muscle Loss and Sarcopenia on Outcomes of Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer during Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation |
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