Air pollution levels near crossroads with different traffic density and the estimation of health risk

• Published in: Environmental geochemistry and health Vol. 43; no. 10; pp. 3935 - 3952
• Main Authors: Godec, Ranka, Jakovljević, Ivana, Davila, Silvije, Šega, Krešimir, Bešlić, Ivan, Rinkovec, Jasmina, Pehnec, Gordana
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.10.2021; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Air pollution; Aromatic compounds; Aromatic hydrocarbons; Carbon monoxide; Density; Earth and Environmental Science; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Geochemistry; Health risk assessment; Health risks; Morning; Nitrogen dioxide; Organic carbon; Original Paper; Particulate matter; Pollutants; Pollution levels; Pollution sources; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Public Health; Sampling; Soil Science & Conservation; Spatial analysis; Statistical analysis; Statistical methods; Sulfur dioxide; Temporal distribution; Terrestrial Pollution; Traffic volume; Gas pollutants; Urban traffic; OC; PAH; EC
• ISSN: 0269-4042; 1573-2983
• DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00879-1

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of traffic density on air pollutant levels as well as to analyse the spatial and temporal distribution of particulate pollutants and their health risk. The following species related to traffic pollution were measured: PM 10 , elemental and organic carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM 10 and gas pollutants (SO 2 , NO 2 and CO). The measurements were carried out at four crossroad sites in the city. Samples of PM 10 were collected over three periods (6 am to 2 pm, 2 pm to 10 pm and 10 pm to 6 am) on working days and weekends. Statistically significant differences were found between sampling sites for all pollutant concentrations, except for NO 2 . The highest mass concentrations of PM 10 , carbon and PAHs were observed in the south of the city with the highest traffic density. Concentrations of gasses (CO and NO 2 ) showed high values in morning and in the late afternoon and evening (west and east). At all measuring sites, the highest concentration of particle-bound pollutants was mostly recorded during morning and afternoon, except at the south, where elevated PAHs concentrations were recorded during night period, which indicated that residential heating takes up a portion of pollution sources in this area. Although for most of the pollutants the concentrations varied during the day, statistically significant differences between sampling periods were not found. The highest health risk was obtained at the south, where it was scored as significant.