Mapping in a radon-prone area in Adamawa region, Cameroon, by measurement of radon activity concentration in soil

• Published in: Radiation and environmental biophysics Vol. 62; no. 4; pp. 427 - 439
• Main Authors: Bachirou, Soumayah, Saïdou, Kranrod, Chutima, Nkoulou II, Joseph Emmanuel Ndjana, Bongue, Daniel, Abba, Hamadou Yerima, Hosoda, Masahiro, Njock, Moise Godfroy Kwato, Tokonami, Shinji
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.11.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Biological and Medical Physics; Biophysics; Ecosystems; Effects of Radiation/Radiation Protection; Environmental Physics; Geology; Geostatistics; In situ measurement; Indoor air pollution; Indoor environments; Lung cancer; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; Original Article; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Radiation; Radium; Radium 226; Radon; Radon levels; Risk; Soil gas; Soil gases; Soils; Thorium; Thorium-232; Transfer factor; Cameroon; Inverse distance-weighted interpolation; Ordinary kriging; Radon concentration; Radon mapping
• ISSN: 0301-634X; 1432-2099
• DOI: 10.1007/s00411-023-01042-3

The radon-prone area of the Adamawa region in Cameroon is characterized by high natural radiation background resulting from the high concentrations of radium-226, thorium-232, and indoor radon. To produce a radon-risk map, radon measurements in soil were carried out in the city of Ngaoundere. The radon activity concentration in soil gas ranged from 256 to 166 kBq m −3 with a mean of 80 kBq m −3 and a standard deviation of 38 kBq m −3 . The area is mostly classified as high risk (80%) according to the Swedish classification, and 20% as medium risk. A low-risk area was not observed. Granite-like geology sites were characterized by higher radon concentration. A ratio of about 295:1 was obtained for soil radon gas to indoor radon concentrations, with a positive correlation ( R =  0.40), and a transfer factor of 3 per mil. These results demonstrate that in situ measurements of radon concentration in soil can provide accurate information on the level of indoor radon concentrations. Geostatistical and deterministic interpolation techniques have been used to obtain a radon map by comparing the suitability of ordinary kriging and inverse-distance-weighted (IDW) interpolation methods. It turned out that there is not much difference in the prediction errors of the two techniques (Root Mean Square Error = 34.4 for ordinary kriging and 34.3 for IDW). It is concluded that both methods give acceptable results. In situ measurements and geostatistical analysis allow assessment of expected indoor radon exposure in a given area at reduced costs and time required. However, for the investigated area, more research is needed to produce reliable radon-risk maps.