Variation in Brant’s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) leaf traits in response to pollution from a gas refinery in semiarid forests of western Iran

Air pollution around refineries and factories is one of the major environmental challenges affecting forest ecosystems’ health. Although there have been many studies on Iran’s forest ecosystems, the physiological and morphological responses of Brant’s oak ( Quercus brantii Lindl.) leaves to the poll...

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Published inEnvironmental science and pollution research international Vol. 29; no. 7; pp. 10366 - 10379
Main Authors Dadkhah-Aghdash, Hamed, Heydari, Mehdi, Zare-Maivan, Hassan, Sharifi, Mohsen, Miralles, Isabel, Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.02.2022
Springer Nature B.V
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Abstract Air pollution around refineries and factories is one of the major environmental challenges affecting forest ecosystems’ health. Although there have been many studies on Iran’s forest ecosystems, the physiological and morphological responses of Brant’s oak ( Quercus brantii Lindl.) leaves to the pollution of the gas refineries in the semiarid forests have not received much attention. We sampled healthy and mature leaves from four oak stands in different seasons (spring, summer, and autumn of 2019) and at various distances from the gas refinery (1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 2,500, and 10,000 m). The results showed that oak trees in different seasons and at different distances from the refinery had different physiological and morphological leaf trait responses to the pollution source. Oak trees with an air pollution tolerance index value of less than 11 were in a sensitive range to air pollution and can be used to biomonitor air pollution around the gas refinery in Zagros forests. Physiological traits in different seasons and at various distances in comparison with morphological traits (persistent reaction responses) were well distinguished from one another and were more affected by pollution. Oak trees in summer and autumn and at distances up to 2,500 m had rapid reaction responses, including oxidative stress indicators such as electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide, and different enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants such as phenol, flavonoids, catalase, and proline. Because of their high sensitivity to atmospheric pollutant stresses, we recommend that these traits be used for rapid and low-cost environmental monitoring of pollution in different seasons and distances from pollution sources in semiarid ecosystems.
AbstractList Air pollution around refineries and factories is one of the major environmental challenges affecting forest ecosystems’ health. Although there have been many studies on Iran’s forest ecosystems, the physiological and morphological responses of Brant’s oak ( Quercus brantii Lindl.) leaves to the pollution of the gas refineries in the semiarid forests have not received much attention. We sampled healthy and mature leaves from four oak stands in different seasons (spring, summer, and autumn of 2019) and at various distances from the gas refinery (1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 2,500, and 10,000 m). The results showed that oak trees in different seasons and at different distances from the refinery had different physiological and morphological leaf trait responses to the pollution source. Oak trees with an air pollution tolerance index value of less than 11 were in a sensitive range to air pollution and can be used to biomonitor air pollution around the gas refinery in Zagros forests. Physiological traits in different seasons and at various distances in comparison with morphological traits (persistent reaction responses) were well distinguished from one another and were more affected by pollution. Oak trees in summer and autumn and at distances up to 2,500 m had rapid reaction responses, including oxidative stress indicators such as electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide, and different enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants such as phenol, flavonoids, catalase, and proline. Because of their high sensitivity to atmospheric pollutant stresses, we recommend that these traits be used for rapid and low-cost environmental monitoring of pollution in different seasons and distances from pollution sources in semiarid ecosystems.
Air pollution around refineries and factories is one of the major environmental challenges affecting forest ecosystems’ health. Although there have been many studies on Iran’s forest ecosystems, the physiological and morphological responses of Brant’s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) leaves to the pollution of the gas refineries in the semiarid forests have not received much attention. We sampled healthy and mature leaves from four oak stands in different seasons (spring, summer, and autumn of 2019) and at various distances from the gas refinery (1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 2,500, and 10,000 m). The results showed that oak trees in different seasons and at different distances from the refinery had different physiological and morphological leaf trait responses to the pollution source. Oak trees with an air pollution tolerance index value of less than 11 were in a sensitive range to air pollution and can be used to biomonitor air pollution around the gas refinery in Zagros forests. Physiological traits in different seasons and at various distances in comparison with morphological traits (persistent reaction responses) were well distinguished from one another and were more affected by pollution. Oak trees in summer and autumn and at distances up to 2,500 m had rapid reaction responses, including oxidative stress indicators such as electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide, and different enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants such as phenol, flavonoids, catalase, and proline. Because of their high sensitivity to atmospheric pollutant stresses, we recommend that these traits be used for rapid and low-cost environmental monitoring of pollution in different seasons and distances from pollution sources in semiarid ecosystems.
Author Heydari, Mehdi
Dadkhah-Aghdash, Hamed
Zare-Maivan, Hassan
Lucas-Borja, Manuel Esteban
Miralles, Isabel
Sharifi, Mohsen
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Issue 7
Keywords Leaf physiological traits
Semiarid oak forests
Sensitivity to air pollution
Gas refinery
Distance and seasonal effects
Different antioxidants
Language English
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Snippet Air pollution around refineries and factories is one of the major environmental challenges affecting forest ecosystems’ health. Although there have been many...
Air pollution around refineries and factories is one of the major environmental challenges affecting forest ecosystems' health. Although there have been many...
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SubjectTerms Air pollution
Antioxidants
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Autumn
Catalase
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecosystem
Ecosystems
Ecotoxicology
Electrolyte leakage
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental monitoring
Environmental science
Flavonoids
Forest ecosystems
Forests
Hydrogen peroxide
Iran
Leaves
Morphology
Oak
Oxidative stress
Phenols
Physiology
Plant Leaves
Pollutants
Pollution index
Pollution monitoring
Pollution sources
Pollution tolerance
Proline
Quercus
Quercus brantii
Refineries
Research Article
Seasons
Summer
Terrestrial ecosystems
Trees
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
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Title Variation in Brant’s oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) leaf traits in response to pollution from a gas refinery in semiarid forests of western Iran
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-021-16270-7
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34519983
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Volume 29
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