Geographic information system–based health risk assessment of rural drinking water in Central China: a case study of You County, Hunan
This study assessed potential human health hazards posed by drinking water from centralized water supply systems in rural You County, along with its spatial distribution. While most previous studies have focused on source water or urban drinking water, this study evaluated the health risk posed by 2...
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Published in | Environmental monitoring and assessment Vol. 193; no. 2; p. 89 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
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Springer International Publishing
01.02.2021
Springer Nature B.V |
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Abstract | This study assessed potential human health hazards posed by drinking water from centralized water supply systems in rural You County, along with its spatial distribution. While most previous studies have focused on source water or urban drinking water, this study evaluated the health risk posed by 20 common pollutants (arsenic, cadmium, chromium(VI), lead, mercury, selenium, cyanide, fluoride, nitrate nitrogen, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, chlorite, aluminum, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, ammonia nitrogen, chlorine dioxide, and volatile phenols) in rural terminal tap water. The assessment adopted the model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and was combined with the geographic information system (GIS) analysis to explore the spatial distribution of risk factors. Water samples were collected from 13 townships in You County across four quarters of 2019. The results indicated that the average carcinogenic risk of the rural drinking water was 2.45 × 10
−5
, ranging from 1.80 × 10
−5
to 3.89 × 10
−5
, which never exceeded the maximum acceptable range recommended by the US EPA (1.0 × 10
−4
~ 1.0 × 10
−6
). The average hazard index (HI), which reflects noncarcinogenic risk levels, was 0.75 and ranged from 0.34 to 1.74. Throughout the year, some townships presented HI > 1, indicating a non-carcinogenic risk. The GIS analysis indicated that noncarcinogenic risks were mainly distributed in the north, followed by the east and west. This is generally consistent with the spatial distribution of chlorite concentrations, which contribute most strongly to noncarcinogenic risk levels. The northern You County should therefore be prioritized for health risk control, followed by the eastern and western regions. Chlorite is the priority pollutant for control. |
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AbstractList | This study assessed potential human health hazards posed by drinking water from centralized water supply systems in rural You County, along with its spatial distribution. While most previous studies have focused on source water or urban drinking water, this study evaluated the health risk posed by 20 common pollutants (arsenic, cadmium, chromium(VI), lead, mercury, selenium, cyanide, fluoride, nitrate nitrogen, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, chlorite, aluminum, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, ammonia nitrogen, chlorine dioxide, and volatile phenols) in rural terminal tap water. The assessment adopted the model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and was combined with the geographic information system (GIS) analysis to explore the spatial distribution of risk factors. Water samples were collected from 13 townships in You County across four quarters of 2019. The results indicated that the average carcinogenic risk of the rural drinking water was 2.45 × 10−5, ranging from 1.80 × 10−5 to 3.89 × 10−5, which never exceeded the maximum acceptable range recommended by the US EPA (1.0 × 10−4 ~ 1.0 × 10−6). The average hazard index (HI), which reflects noncarcinogenic risk levels, was 0.75 and ranged from 0.34 to 1.74. Throughout the year, some townships presented HI > 1, indicating a non-carcinogenic risk. The GIS analysis indicated that noncarcinogenic risks were mainly distributed in the north, followed by the east and west. This is generally consistent with the spatial distribution of chlorite concentrations, which contribute most strongly to noncarcinogenic risk levels. The northern You County should therefore be prioritized for health risk control, followed by the eastern and western regions. Chlorite is the priority pollutant for control. This study assessed potential human health hazards posed by drinking water from centralized water supply systems in rural You County, along with its spatial distribution. While most previous studies have focused on source water or urban drinking water, this study evaluated the health risk posed by 20 common pollutants (arsenic, cadmium, chromium(VI), lead, mercury, selenium, cyanide, fluoride, nitrate nitrogen, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, chlorite, aluminum, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, ammonia nitrogen, chlorine dioxide, and volatile phenols) in rural terminal tap water. The assessment adopted the model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and was combined with the geographic information system (GIS) analysis to explore the spatial distribution of risk factors. Water samples were collected from 13 townships in You County across four quarters of 2019. The results indicated that the average carcinogenic risk of the rural drinking water was 2.45 × 10 , ranging from 1.80 × 10 to 3.89 × 10 , which never exceeded the maximum acceptable range recommended by the US EPA (1.0 × 10 ~ 1.0 × 10 ). The average hazard index (HI), which reflects noncarcinogenic risk levels, was 0.75 and ranged from 0.34 to 1.74. Throughout the year, some townships presented HI > 1, indicating a non-carcinogenic risk. The GIS analysis indicated that noncarcinogenic risks were mainly distributed in the north, followed by the east and west. This is generally consistent with the spatial distribution of chlorite concentrations, which contribute most strongly to noncarcinogenic risk levels. The northern You County should therefore be prioritized for health risk control, followed by the eastern and western regions. Chlorite is the priority pollutant for control. This study assessed potential human health hazards posed by drinking water from centralized water supply systems in rural You County, along with its spatial distribution. While most previous studies have focused on source water or urban drinking water, this study evaluated the health risk posed by 20 common pollutants (arsenic, cadmium, chromium(VI), lead, mercury, selenium, cyanide, fluoride, nitrate nitrogen, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, chlorite, aluminum, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, ammonia nitrogen, chlorine dioxide, and volatile phenols) in rural terminal tap water. The assessment adopted the model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and was combined with the geographic information system (GIS) analysis to explore the spatial distribution of risk factors. Water samples were collected from 13 townships in You County across four quarters of 2019. The results indicated that the average carcinogenic risk of the rural drinking water was 2.45 × 10 −5 , ranging from 1.80 × 10 −5 to 3.89 × 10 −5 , which never exceeded the maximum acceptable range recommended by the US EPA (1.0 × 10 −4 ~ 1.0 × 10 −6 ). The average hazard index (HI), which reflects noncarcinogenic risk levels, was 0.75 and ranged from 0.34 to 1.74. Throughout the year, some townships presented HI > 1, indicating a non-carcinogenic risk. The GIS analysis indicated that noncarcinogenic risks were mainly distributed in the north, followed by the east and west. This is generally consistent with the spatial distribution of chlorite concentrations, which contribute most strongly to noncarcinogenic risk levels. The northern You County should therefore be prioritized for health risk control, followed by the eastern and western regions. Chlorite is the priority pollutant for control. |
ArticleNumber | 89 |
Author | Ding, Ping Liu, Ran Wang, Danqi Zhang, Jialiang Chen, Xu Zhong, Yanqin |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Danqi orcidid: 0000-0001-9873-4501 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Danqi email: wangdanqi0522@163.com organization: School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University, Xiang Ya School of Public Health, Central South University – sequence: 2 givenname: Xu surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Xu organization: You County Center for Disease Control and Prevention – sequence: 3 givenname: Jialiang surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Jialiang organization: You County Center for Disease Control and Prevention – sequence: 4 givenname: Yanqin surname: Zhong fullname: Zhong, Yanqin organization: School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University – sequence: 5 givenname: Ran surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Ran organization: School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University – sequence: 6 givenname: Ping surname: Ding fullname: Ding, Ping organization: Xiang Ya School of Public Health, Central South University |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33501618$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s11783_024_1778_5 crossref_primary_10_3390_w13162140 crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_7030656 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jbiotec_2023_12_013 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10661_023_12089_6 |
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Keywords | Rural area Centralized water supply system Health risk assessment Geographic information system China Drinking water quality |
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SubjectTerms | Aluminium Aluminum Ammonia Arsenic Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Cadmium Carcinogens China Chlorine Chlorine dioxide Chlorite Chloroform Chromium Copper Cyanides Distribution Drinking water Drinking Water - analysis Earth and Environmental Science Ecology Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Environmental protection Environmental science Fluorides Geographic Information Systems Geographical information systems Hazard assessment Health hazards Health risk assessment Health risks Humans Information systems Manganese Mercury Monitoring/Environmental Analysis Phenols Pollutants Risk analysis Risk Assessment Risk factors Risk levels Risk management Selenium Spatial distribution Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water sampling Water Supply Water supply systems Zinc |
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Title | Geographic information system–based health risk assessment of rural drinking water in Central China: a case study of You County, Hunan |
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