Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma in Patients with Graves' Disease-A Case Series and Literature Review

Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland, leading to systemic manifestations such as hyperthyroidism, Graves' orbitopathy, and pretibial myxedema. Contrary to previous beliefs that hyperthyroidism protects against thyroid cancer, recent studies reveal an i...

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Published inJournal of clinical medicine Vol. 13; no. 15; p. 4391
Main Authors Popa, Oana, Balaș, Melania, Golu, Ioana, Amzăr, Daniela, Varcuș, Flore, Cornianu, Mărioara, Iacob, Mihaela, Popa, Valentin-Tudor, Vlad, Mihaela
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 01.08.2024
Subjects
Abdomen
Antiarrhythmics
Antibodies
Anticoagulants
Blood pressure
calcitonin
Care and treatment
Complications and side effects
Diagnosis
Dysphagia
Endocrinology
Family medical history
Females
Graves disease
Heart rate
Hyperthyroidism
Immunoassay
Laboratories
medullary thyroid carcinoma
Metastasis
Patients
screening
Surgery
Thyroid cancer
Ultrasonic imaging
Romania
United States > US
Germany
screening
calcitonin
medullary thyroid carcinoma
Graves’ disease
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Abstract Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland, leading to systemic manifestations such as hyperthyroidism, Graves' orbitopathy, and pretibial myxedema. Contrary to previous beliefs that hyperthyroidism protects against thyroid cancer, recent studies reveal an increased incidence of thyroid malignancies in GD patients, particularly differentiated thyroid carcinomas and, in rare cases, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). This case series presents three female GD patients diagnosed with MTC, highlighting the complexities of diagnosis and management. All patients exhibited thyroid nodules with suspicious ultrasonographic features, elevated plasma calcitonin levels, and required total thyroidectomy. Histological examination confirmed MTC. These cases underscore the importance of routine calcitonin screening in GD patients with thyroid nodules to facilitate early detection and improve prognosis. Our findings suggest that while the coexistence of GD and MTC is likely incidental, vigilant monitoring and comprehensive evaluation are crucial for timely intervention. This study advocates for integrating calcitonin testing into the standard diagnostic protocol for GD patients presenting with thyroid abnormalities.
AbstractList Introduction: Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland, leading to systemic manifestations such as hyperthyroidism, Graves’ orbitopathy, and pretibial myxedema. Contrary to previous beliefs that hyperthyroidism protects against thyroid cancer, recent studies reveal an increased incidence of thyroid malignancies in GD patients, particularly differentiated thyroid carcinomas and, in rare cases, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Case series: This case series presents three female GD patients diagnosed with MTC, highlighting the complexities of diagnosis and management. All patients exhibited thyroid nodules with suspicious ultrasonographic features, elevated plasma calcitonin levels, and required total thyroidectomy. Histological examination confirmed MTC. Discussion: These cases underscore the importance of routine calcitonin screening in GD patients with thyroid nodules to facilitate early detection and improve prognosis. Our findings suggest that while the coexistence of GD and MTC is likely incidental, vigilant monitoring and comprehensive evaluation are crucial for timely intervention. Conclusions: This study advocates for integrating calcitonin testing into the standard diagnostic protocol for GD patients presenting with thyroid abnormalities.
Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland, leading to systemic manifestations such as hyperthyroidism, Graves' orbitopathy, and pretibial myxedema. Contrary to previous beliefs that hyperthyroidism protects against thyroid cancer, recent studies reveal an increased incidence of thyroid malignancies in GD patients, particularly differentiated thyroid carcinomas and, in rare cases, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).INTRODUCTIONGraves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland, leading to systemic manifestations such as hyperthyroidism, Graves' orbitopathy, and pretibial myxedema. Contrary to previous beliefs that hyperthyroidism protects against thyroid cancer, recent studies reveal an increased incidence of thyroid malignancies in GD patients, particularly differentiated thyroid carcinomas and, in rare cases, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).This case series presents three female GD patients diagnosed with MTC, highlighting the complexities of diagnosis and management. All patients exhibited thyroid nodules with suspicious ultrasonographic features, elevated plasma calcitonin levels, and required total thyroidectomy. Histological examination confirmed MTC.CASE SERIESThis case series presents three female GD patients diagnosed with MTC, highlighting the complexities of diagnosis and management. All patients exhibited thyroid nodules with suspicious ultrasonographic features, elevated plasma calcitonin levels, and required total thyroidectomy. Histological examination confirmed MTC.These cases underscore the importance of routine calcitonin screening in GD patients with thyroid nodules to facilitate early detection and improve prognosis. Our findings suggest that while the coexistence of GD and MTC is likely incidental, vigilant monitoring and comprehensive evaluation are crucial for timely intervention.DISCUSSIONThese cases underscore the importance of routine calcitonin screening in GD patients with thyroid nodules to facilitate early detection and improve prognosis. Our findings suggest that while the coexistence of GD and MTC is likely incidental, vigilant monitoring and comprehensive evaluation are crucial for timely intervention.This study advocates for integrating calcitonin testing into the standard diagnostic protocol for GD patients presenting with thyroid abnormalities.CONCLUSIONSThis study advocates for integrating calcitonin testing into the standard diagnostic protocol for GD patients presenting with thyroid abnormalities.
Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland, leading to systemic manifestations such as hyperthyroidism, Graves' orbitopathy, and pretibial myxedema. Contrary to previous beliefs that hyperthyroidism protects against thyroid cancer, recent studies reveal an increased incidence of thyroid malignancies in GD patients, particularly differentiated thyroid carcinomas and, in rare cases, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). This case series presents three female GD patients diagnosed with MTC, highlighting the complexities of diagnosis and management. All patients exhibited thyroid nodules with suspicious ultrasonographic features, elevated plasma calcitonin levels, and required total thyroidectomy. Histological examination confirmed MTC. These cases underscore the importance of routine calcitonin screening in GD patients with thyroid nodules to facilitate early detection and improve prognosis. Our findings suggest that while the coexistence of GD and MTC is likely incidental, vigilant monitoring and comprehensive evaluation are crucial for timely intervention. This study advocates for integrating calcitonin testing into the standard diagnostic protocol for GD patients presenting with thyroid abnormalities.
Audience Academic
Author Varcuș, Flore
Vlad, Mihaela
Popa, Oana
Iacob, Mihaela
Golu, Ioana
Cornianu, Mărioara
Balaș, Melania
Amzăr, Daniela
Popa, Valentin-Tudor
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-0276-1650
  surname: Vlad
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  organization: Center of Molecular Research in Nefrology and Vascular Disease, Department of Endocrinology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babeș" Timișoara, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39124658$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland, leading to systemic manifestations such as hyperthyroidism, Graves' orbitopathy,...
Introduction: Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland, leading to systemic manifestations such as hyperthyroidism, Graves’...
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SubjectTerms Abdomen
Antiarrhythmics
Antibodies
Anticoagulants
Blood pressure
calcitonin
Care and treatment
Complications and side effects
Diagnosis
Dysphagia
Endocrinology
Family medical history
Females
Graves disease
Heart rate
Hyperthyroidism
Immunoassay
Laboratories
medullary thyroid carcinoma
Metastasis
Patients
screening
Surgery
Thyroid cancer
Ultrasonic imaging
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Title Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma in Patients with Graves' Disease-A Case Series and Literature Review
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39124658
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3090924237/abstract/
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3091285416/abstract/
https://doaj.org/article/c335acb8ae204ff19d8cd5bebe054874
Volume 13
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