Does partial activation of the neuromuscular system induce cross-education training effect? Case of a pilot study on motor imagery and neuromuscular electrical stimulation
Introduction Cross education defines the gains observed in the contralateral limb following unilateral strength training of the other limb. The present study questioned the neural mechanisms associated with cross education following training by motor imagery (MI) or submaximal neuromuscular electric...
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Published in | European journal of applied physiology Vol. 121; no. 8; pp. 2337 - 2348 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Berlin/Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
01.08.2021
Springer Nature B.V |
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Abstract | Introduction
Cross education defines the gains observed in the contralateral limb following unilateral strength training of the other limb. The present study questioned the neural mechanisms associated with cross education following training by motor imagery (MI) or submaximal neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), both representing a partial activation of the motor system as compared to conventional strength training.
Methods
Twenty-seven participants were distributed in three groups: MI, NMES and control. Training groups underwent a training program of ten sessions in two weeks targeting plantar flexor muscles of one limb. In both legs, neuromuscular plasticity was assessed through maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MViC) and triceps surae electrophysiological responses evoked by electrical nerve stimulation (H-reflexes and V-waves).
Results
NMES and MI training improved MViC torque of the trained limb by 11.3% (
P
< 0.001) and 13.8% (
P
< 0.001), respectively. MViC of the untrained limb increased by 10.3% (
P
< 0.003) in the MI group only, accompanied with increases in V-waves on both sides. In the NMES group, V-waves only increased in the trained limb. In the MI group, rest H-reflexes increased in both the trained and the untrained triceps suraes.
Conclusion
MI seems to be effective to induce cross education, probably because of the activation of cortical motor regions that impact the corticospinal neural drive of both trained and untrained sides. Conversely, submaximal NMES did not lead to cross education. The present results emphasize that cross education does not necessarily require muscle activity of the trained limb. |
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AbstractList | IntroductionCross education defines the gains observed in the contralateral limb following unilateral strength training of the other limb. The present study questioned the neural mechanisms associated with cross education following training by motor imagery (MI) or submaximal neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), both representing a partial activation of the motor system as compared to conventional strength training.MethodsTwenty-seven participants were distributed in three groups: MI, NMES and control. Training groups underwent a training program of ten sessions in two weeks targeting plantar flexor muscles of one limb. In both legs, neuromuscular plasticity was assessed through maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MViC) and triceps surae electrophysiological responses evoked by electrical nerve stimulation (H-reflexes and V-waves).ResultsNMES and MI training improved MViC torque of the trained limb by 11.3% (P < 0.001) and 13.8% (P < 0.001), respectively. MViC of the untrained limb increased by 10.3% (P < 0.003) in the MI group only, accompanied with increases in V-waves on both sides. In the NMES group, V-waves only increased in the trained limb. In the MI group, rest H-reflexes increased in both the trained and the untrained triceps suraes.ConclusionMI seems to be effective to induce cross education, probably because of the activation of cortical motor regions that impact the corticospinal neural drive of both trained and untrained sides. Conversely, submaximal NMES did not lead to cross education. The present results emphasize that cross education does not necessarily require muscle activity of the trained limb. Introduction Cross education defines the gains observed in the contralateral limb following unilateral strength training of the other limb. The present study questioned the neural mechanisms associated with cross education following training by motor imagery (MI) or submaximal neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), both representing a partial activation of the motor system as compared to conventional strength training. Methods Twenty-seven participants were distributed in three groups: MI, NMES and control. Training groups underwent a training program of ten sessions in two weeks targeting plantar flexor muscles of one limb. In both legs, neuromuscular plasticity was assessed through maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MViC) and triceps surae electrophysiological responses evoked by electrical nerve stimulation (H-reflexes and V-waves). Results NMES and MI training improved MViC torque of the trained limb by 11.3% ( P < 0.001) and 13.8% ( P < 0.001), respectively. MViC of the untrained limb increased by 10.3% ( P < 0.003) in the MI group only, accompanied with increases in V-waves on both sides. In the NMES group, V-waves only increased in the trained limb. In the MI group, rest H-reflexes increased in both the trained and the untrained triceps suraes. Conclusion MI seems to be effective to induce cross education, probably because of the activation of cortical motor regions that impact the corticospinal neural drive of both trained and untrained sides. Conversely, submaximal NMES did not lead to cross education. The present results emphasize that cross education does not necessarily require muscle activity of the trained limb. Cross education defines the gains observed in the contralateral limb following unilateral strength training of the other limb. The present study questioned the neural mechanisms associated with cross education following training by motor imagery (MI) or submaximal neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), both representing a partial activation of the motor system as compared to conventional strength training. Twenty-seven participants were distributed in three groups: MI, NMES and control. Training groups underwent a training program of ten sessions in two weeks targeting plantar flexor muscles of one limb. In both legs, neuromuscular plasticity was assessed through maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MViC) and triceps surae electrophysiological responses evoked by electrical nerve stimulation (H-reflexes and V-waves). NMES and MI training improved MViC torque of the trained limb by 11.3% (P < 0.001) and 13.8% (P < 0.001), respectively. MViC of the untrained limb increased by 10.3% (P < 0.003) in the MI group only, accompanied with increases in V-waves on both sides. In the NMES group, V-waves only increased in the trained limb. In the MI group, rest H-reflexes increased in both the trained and the untrained triceps suraes. MI seems to be effective to induce cross education, probably because of the activation of cortical motor regions that impact the corticospinal neural drive of both trained and untrained sides. Conversely, submaximal NMES did not lead to cross education. The present results emphasize that cross education does not necessarily require muscle activity of the trained limb. |
Author | Bouguetoch, Amandine Grosprêtre, Sidney Martin, Alain |
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BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33997913$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajsep_2022_08_001 crossref_primary_10_3390_brainsci12111537 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph20043755 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2023_1187175 |
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Cross education defines the gains observed in the contralateral limb following unilateral strength training of the other limb. The present study... Cross education defines the gains observed in the contralateral limb following unilateral strength training of the other limb. The present study questioned the... IntroductionCross education defines the gains observed in the contralateral limb following unilateral strength training of the other limb. The present study... INTRODUCTIONCross education defines the gains observed in the contralateral limb following unilateral strength training of the other limb. The present study... |
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SubjectTerms | Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Contraction Electrical stimuli Human Physiology Mental task performance Muscle contraction Muscles Neuromuscular electrical stimulation Neuromuscular system Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine Original Article Pyramidal tracts Reflexes Sports Medicine Sports training Strength training |
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Title | Does partial activation of the neuromuscular system induce cross-education training effect? Case of a pilot study on motor imagery and neuromuscular electrical stimulation |
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