Polarization of Reactive Astrocytes in Response to Spinal Cord Injury is Enhanced by M2 Macrophage–Mediated Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway

Understanding the mechanisms of glial scar formation by reactive astrocytes is crucial for elaborating a therapeutic strategy to brain and spinal cord injury. However, the extrinsic mechanisms that drive the polarization of reactive astrocytes, the first step in glial scar formation, remain poorly u...

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Published inMolecular neurobiology Vol. 57; no. 4; pp. 1847 - 1862
Main Authors Sonn, Iki, Nakamura, Masaya, Renault-Mihara, Francois, Okano, Hideyuki
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Springer US 01.04.2020
Springer Nature B.V
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Abstract Understanding the mechanisms of glial scar formation by reactive astrocytes is crucial for elaborating a therapeutic strategy to brain and spinal cord injury. However, the extrinsic mechanisms that drive the polarization of reactive astrocytes, the first step in glial scar formation, remain poorly understood. Here, using an in vitro chemotaxis assay as an experimental model for polarization, we observed that Il4-M2 macrophages are stronger inducers of reactive astrocytes’ polarization, compared to naive or M1 macrophages. Then, we showed that both β1-integrin and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in astrocytes are required for this polarization in vitro and in vivo after spinal cord crush injury in mice. These findings provide molecular targets for manipulating the polarization of reactive astrocytes in order to potentially enhance the healing of SCI lesions.
AbstractList Understanding the mechanisms of glial scar formation by reactive astrocytes is crucial for elaborating a therapeutic strategy to brain and spinal cord injury. However, the extrinsic mechanisms that drive the polarization of reactive astrocytes, the first step in glial scar formation, remain poorly understood. Here, using an in vitro chemotaxis assay as an experimental model for polarization, we observed that Il4-M2 macrophages are stronger inducers of reactive astrocytes' polarization, compared to naive or M1 macrophages. Then, we showed that both β1-integrin and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in astrocytes are required for this polarization in vitro and in vivo after spinal cord crush injury in mice. These findings provide molecular targets for manipulating the polarization of reactive astrocytes in order to potentially enhance the healing of SCI lesions.
Author Nakamura, Masaya
Renault-Mihara, Francois
Sonn, Iki
Okano, Hideyuki
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Keywords Polarization
Reactive astrocytes
β-Catenin pathway
Glial scar
Macrophages
Spinal cord injury
Wnt
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Snippet Understanding the mechanisms of glial scar formation by reactive astrocytes is crucial for elaborating a therapeutic strategy to brain and spinal cord injury....
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SubjectTerms Animals
Astrocytes
Astrocytes - metabolism
Astrocytes - pathology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Brain injury
Cell activation
Cell Biology
Cell Polarity
Chemotaxis
Integrin beta1 - metabolism
Interleukin 4
Macrophage Activation
Macrophages
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Neurobiology
Neurology
Neurosciences
Polarization
Spinal cord injuries
Spinal Cord Injuries - metabolism
Spinal Cord Injuries - pathology
Wnt protein
Wnt Signaling Pathway
Wnt3A Protein - metabolism
β-Catenin
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Title Polarization of Reactive Astrocytes in Response to Spinal Cord Injury is Enhanced by M2 Macrophage–Mediated Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway
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