Light competition affects how tree growth and survival respond to climate
Competition between individuals is a key process that drives tree growth and survival in forests. Ecological theories predict that the effect of competition should be weaker in stressful environments. However, quantitative studies have failed to reach a consensus on the direction of the interaction...
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Published in | The Journal of ecology Vol. 113; no. 3; pp. 672 - 688 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.03.2025
Wiley |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 0022-0477 1365-2745 1365-2745 |
DOI | 10.1111/1365-2745.14489 |
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Abstract | Competition between individuals is a key process that drives tree growth and survival in forests. Ecological theories predict that the effect of competition should be weaker in stressful environments. However, quantitative studies have failed to reach a consensus on the direction of the interaction between climate and competition. In this study, we demonstrate that this interaction appears clearly when we explicitly focus on light competition.
We analysed the effect of light competition on tree growth and survival along both temperature and aridity gradients for the 33 major European tree species. We collected forest inventories from nine European countries, encompassing over 1 million trees from Spain to Scandinavia. We used species‐specific crown allometric equations to connect this extensive database to the SamsaraLight ray tracing model and to calculate a tree‐based light competition index from the light intercepted by the tree crown.
Within a given species' climatic niche, the effect of light competition on tree growth and survival decreased towards both the dry and cold margins, supporting the stress gradient hypothesis. Climate mainly affected tree growth in light, with slower growth in drier or colder conditions. In contrast, for survival, climate mainly affected trees in shade, with better survival in the dry or cold stress margins.
Among species, the mean sensitivity of tree growth and survival to light competition decreased with increasing mean aridity niche and shade tolerance of the species.
Synthesis. Our study emphasises the importance of considering species‐specific interactions between light competition and climate on tree growth and survival. The impact of climate change on an individual tree is likely to depend on its light competition status within the forest stand, as well as its species‐specific climatic niche and shade tolerance.
Résumé
La compétition entre individus est un processus clé qui détermine la croissance et la survie des arbres des forêts. Les théories écologiques prévoient que l'effet de la compétition devrait être plus faible dans les environnements stressants. Cependant, les études quantitatives ne sont pas parvenues à un consensus sur la direction de l'interaction entre climat et compétition. Dans cette étude, nous démontrons que cette interaction apparaît clairement lorsque nous nous concentrons explicitement sur la compétition pour la lumière.
Nous avons analysé l'effet de la compétition pour la lumière sur la croissance et la survie des arbres le long des gradients de température et d'aridité pour les 33 principales espèces d'arbres européennes. Nous avons rassemblé des inventaires forestiers de neuf pays européens, couvrant plus d'un million d'arbres de l'Espagne à la Scandinavie. Nous avons utilisé des équations allométriques de houppiers spécifiques à chaque espèce pour relier cette vaste base de données au modèle de traçage de rayons lumineux SamsaraLight. Cela nous a permis de calculer un indice de compétition pour la lumière, basé sur la lumière interceptée par le houppier de l'arbre.
Au sein de la niche climatique d'une espèce, l'effet de la compétition pour la lumière sur la croissance et la survie des arbres diminue vers la marge aride et la marge froide, soutenant l'hypothèse du gradient de stress. Le climat affecte principalement la croissance des arbres en pleine lumière, avec une croissance plus lente dans des conditions plus arides ou plus froides. En revanche, pour la survie, le climat affecte principalement les arbres à l'ombre, avec une meilleure survie dans les marges stressantes aride ou froide.
Lorsque l'on compare les espèces entre elles, la sensibilité moyenne de la croissance et de la survie des arbres à la compétition pour la lumière diminue avec l'augmentation de l'aridité de la niche climatique moyenne et de la tolérance à l'ombre des espèces.
Synthèse. Notre étude souligne l'importance de prendre en compte l'interaction entre compétition pour la lumière et climat pour mieux prédire la croissance et la survie des arbres. L'impact du changement climatique sur un arbre dépendra probablement de son statut de compétition pour la lumière au sein du peuplement forestier, ainsi que de la niche climatique et de la tolérance à l'ombre de l'espèce.
We analysed the effect of light competition on tree growth and survival along both temperature and aridity gradients for the 33 major European tree species. We used forest data from nine European countries and the SamsaraLight ray tracing model. We found that the effect of light competition is weaker in stressful environments. |
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AbstractList | Competition between individuals is a key process that drives tree growth and survival in forests. Ecological theories predict that the effect of competition should be weaker in stressful environments. However, quantitative studies have failed to reach a consensus on the direction of the interaction between climate and competition. In this study, we demonstrate that this interaction appears clearly when we explicitly focus on light competition.We analysed the effect of light competition on tree growth and survival along both temperature and aridity gradients for the 33 major European tree species. We collected forest inventories from nine European countries, encompassing over 1 million trees from Spain to Scandinavia. We used species‐specific crown allometric equations to connect this extensive database to the SamsaraLight ray tracing model and to calculate a tree‐based light competition index from the light intercepted by the tree crown.Within a given species' climatic niche, the effect of light competition on tree growth and survival decreased towards both the dry and cold margins, supporting the stress gradient hypothesis. Climate mainly affected tree growth in light, with slower growth in drier or colder conditions. In contrast, for survival, climate mainly affected trees in shade, with better survival in the dry or cold stress margins.Among species, the mean sensitivity of tree growth and survival to light competition decreased with increasing mean aridity niche and shade tolerance of the species.Synthesis. Our study emphasises the importance of considering species‐specific interactions between light competition and climate on tree growth and survival. The impact of climate change on an individual tree is likely to depend on its light competition status within the forest stand, as well as its species‐specific climatic niche and shade tolerance. Competition between individuals is a key process that drives tree growth and survival in forests. Ecological theories predict that the effect of competition should be weaker in stressful environments. However, quantitative studies have failed to reach a consensus on the direction of the interaction between climate and competition. In this study, we demonstrate that this interaction appears clearly when we explicitly focus on light competition. We analysed the effect of light competition on tree growth and survival along both temperature and aridity gradients for the 33 major European tree species. We collected forest inventories from nine European countries, encompassing over 1 million trees from Spain to Scandinavia. We used species-specific crown allometric equations to connect this extensive database to the SamsaraLight ray tracing model and to calculate a tree-based light competition index from the light intercepted by the tree crown. Within a given species' climatic niche, the effect of light competition on tree growth and survival decreased towards both the dry and cold margins, supporting the stress gradient hypothesis. Climate mainly affected tree growth in light, with slower growth in drier or colder conditions. In contrast, for survival, climate mainly affected trees in shade, with better survival in the dry or cold stress margins. Among species, the mean sensitivity of tree growth and survival to light competition decreased with increasing mean aridity niche and shade tolerance of the species. Synthesis. Our study emphasises the importance of considering species-specific interactions between light competition and climate on tree growth and survival. The impact of climate change on an individual tree is likely to depend on its light competition status within the forest stand, as well as its species-specific climatic niche and shade tolerance.La comp & eacute;tition entre individus est un processus cl & eacute; qui d & eacute;termine la croissance et la survie des arbres des for & ecirc;ts. Les th & eacute;ories & eacute;cologiques pr & eacute;voient que l'effet de la comp & eacute;tition devrait & ecirc;tre plus faible dans les environnements stressants. Cependant, les & eacute;tudes quantitatives ne sont pas parvenues & agrave; un consensus sur la direction de l'interaction entre climat et comp & eacute;tition. Dans cette & eacute;tude, nous d & eacute;montrons que cette interaction appara & icirc;t clairement lorsque nous nous concentrons explicitement sur la comp & eacute;tition pour la lumi & egrave;re. Nous avons analys & eacute; l'effet de la comp & eacute;tition pour la lumi & egrave;re sur la croissance et la survie des arbres le long des gradients de temp & eacute;rature et d'aridit & eacute; pour les 33 principales esp & egrave;ces d'arbres europ & eacute;ennes. Nous avons rassembl & eacute; des inventaires forestiers de neuf pays europ & eacute;ens, couvrant plus d'un million d'arbres de l'Espagne & agrave; la Scandinavie. Nous avons utilis & eacute; des & eacute;quations allom & eacute;triques de houppiers sp & eacute;cifiques & agrave; chaque esp & egrave;ce pour relier cette vaste base de donn & eacute;es au mod & egrave;le de tra & ccedil;age de rayons lumineux SamsaraLight. Cela nous a permis de calculer un indice de comp & eacute;tition pour la lumi & egrave;re, bas & eacute; sur la lumi & egrave;re intercept & eacute;e par le houppier de l'arbre. Au sein de la niche climatique d'une esp & egrave;ce, l'effet de la comp & eacute;tition pour la lumi & egrave;re sur la croissance et la survie des arbres diminue vers la marge aride et la marge froide, soutenant l'hypoth & egrave;se du gradient de stress. Le climat affecte principalement la croissance des arbres en pleine lumi & egrave;re, avec une croissance plus lente dans des conditions plus arides ou plus froides. En revanche, pour la survie, le climat affecte principalement les arbres & agrave; l'ombre, avec une meilleure survie dans les marges stressantes aride ou froide. Lorsque l'on compare les esp & egrave;ces entre elles, la sensibilit & eacute; moyenne de la croissance et de la survie des arbres & agrave; la comp & eacute;tition pour la lumi & egrave;re diminue avec l'augmentation de l'aridit & eacute; de la niche climatique moyenne et de la tol & eacute;rance & agrave; l'ombre des esp & egrave;ces. Synth & egrave;se. Notre & eacute;tude souligne l'importance de prendre en compte l'interaction entre comp & eacute;tition pour la lumi & egrave;re et climat pour mieux pr & eacute;dire la croissance et la survie des arbres. L'impact du changement climatique sur un arbre d & eacute;pendra probablement de son statut de comp & eacute;tition pour la lumi & egrave;re au sein du peuplement forestier, ainsi que de la niche climatique et de la tol & eacute;rance & agrave; l'ombre de l'esp & egrave;ce. 1- Competition between individuals is a key process that drives tree growth and survival in forests. Ecological theories predict that the effect of competition should be weaker in stressful environments. However, quantitative studies have failed to reach a consensus on the direction of the interaction between climate and competition. In this study, we demonstrate that this interaction appears clearly when we explicitly focus on light competition. 2- We analysed the effect of light competition on tree growth and survival along both temperature and aridity gradients for the 33 major European tree species. We collected forest inventories from nine European countries, encompassing over 1 million trees from Spain to Scandinavia. We used species‐specific crown allometric equations to connect this extensive database to the SamsaraLight ray tracing model and to calculate a tree‐based light competition index from the light intercepted by the tree crown.3- Within a given species' climatic niche, the effect of light competition on tree growth and survival decreased towards both the dry and cold margins, supporting the stress gradient hypothesis. Climate mainly affected tree growth in light, with slower growth in drier or colder conditions. In contrast, for survival, climate mainly affected trees in shade, with better survival in the dry or cold stress margins.4- Among species, the mean sensitivity of tree growth and survival to light competition decreased with increasing mean aridity niche and shade tolerance of the species. 5- Synthesis. Our study emphasises the importance of considering species‐specific interactions between light competition and climate on tree growth and survival. The impact of climate change on an individual tree is likely to depend on its light competition status within the forest stand, as well as its species‐specific climatic niche and shade tolerance. 1- La compétition entre individus est un processus clé qui détermine la croissance et la survie des arbres des forêts. Les théories écologiques prévoient que l'effet de la compétition devrait être plus faible dans les environnements stressants. Cependant, les études quantitatives ne sont pas parvenues à un consensus sur la direction de l'interaction entre climat et compétition. Dans cette étude, nous démontrons que cette interaction apparaît clairement lorsque nous nous concentrons explicitement sur la compétition pour la lumière. 2- Nous avons analysé l'effet de la compétition pour la lumière sur la croissance et la survie des arbres le long des gradients de température et d'aridité pour les 33 principales espèces d'arbres européennes. Nous avons rassemblé des inventaires forestiers de neuf pays européens, couvrant plus d'un million d'arbres de l'Espagne à la Scandinavie. Nous avons utilisé des équations allométriques de houppiers spécifiques à chaque espèce pour relier cette vaste base de données au modèle de traçage de rayons lumineux SamsaraLight. Cela nous a permis de calculer un indice de compétition pour la lumière, basé sur la lumière interceptée par le houppier de l'arbre. 3- Au sein de la niche climatique d'une espèce, l'effet de la compétition pour la lumière sur la croissance et la survie des arbres diminue vers la marge aride et la marge froide, soutenant l'hypothèse du gradient de stress. Le climat affecte principalement la croissance des arbres en pleine lumière, avec une croissance plus lente dans des conditions plus arides ou plus froides. En revanche, pour la survie, le climat affecte principalement les arbres à l'ombre, avec une meilleure survie dans les marges stressantes aride ou froide. 4- Lorsque l'on compare les espèces entre elles, la sensibilité moyenne de la croissance et de la survie des arbres à la compétition pour la lumière diminue avec l'augmentation de l'aridité de la niche climatique moyenne et de la tolérance à l'ombre des espèces. 5- Synthèse. Notre étude souligne l'importance de prendre en compte l'interaction entre compétition pour la lumière et climat pour mieux prédire la croissance et la survie des arbres. L'impact du changement climatique sur un arbre dépendra probablement de son statut de compétition pour la lumière au sein du peuplement forestier, ainsi que de la niche climatique et de la tolérance à l'ombre de l'espèce. Competition between individuals is a key process that drives tree growth and survival in forests. Ecological theories predict that the effect of competition should be weaker in stressful environments. However, quantitative studies have failed to reach a consensus on the direction of the interaction between climate and competition. In this study, we demonstrate that this interaction appears clearly when we explicitly focus on light competition. We analysed the effect of light competition on tree growth and survival along both temperature and aridity gradients for the 33 major European tree species. We collected forest inventories from nine European countries, encompassing over 1 million trees from Spain to Scandinavia. We used species‐specific crown allometric equations to connect this extensive database to the SamsaraLight ray tracing model and to calculate a tree‐based light competition index from the light intercepted by the tree crown. Within a given species' climatic niche, the effect of light competition on tree growth and survival decreased towards both the dry and cold margins, supporting the stress gradient hypothesis. Climate mainly affected tree growth in light, with slower growth in drier or colder conditions. In contrast, for survival, climate mainly affected trees in shade, with better survival in the dry or cold stress margins. Among species, the mean sensitivity of tree growth and survival to light competition decreased with increasing mean aridity niche and shade tolerance of the species. Synthesis. Our study emphasises the importance of considering species‐specific interactions between light competition and climate on tree growth and survival. The impact of climate change on an individual tree is likely to depend on its light competition status within the forest stand, as well as its species‐specific climatic niche and shade tolerance. Résumé La compétition entre individus est un processus clé qui détermine la croissance et la survie des arbres des forêts. Les théories écologiques prévoient que l'effet de la compétition devrait être plus faible dans les environnements stressants. Cependant, les études quantitatives ne sont pas parvenues à un consensus sur la direction de l'interaction entre climat et compétition. Dans cette étude, nous démontrons que cette interaction apparaît clairement lorsque nous nous concentrons explicitement sur la compétition pour la lumière. Nous avons analysé l'effet de la compétition pour la lumière sur la croissance et la survie des arbres le long des gradients de température et d'aridité pour les 33 principales espèces d'arbres européennes. Nous avons rassemblé des inventaires forestiers de neuf pays européens, couvrant plus d'un million d'arbres de l'Espagne à la Scandinavie. Nous avons utilisé des équations allométriques de houppiers spécifiques à chaque espèce pour relier cette vaste base de données au modèle de traçage de rayons lumineux SamsaraLight. Cela nous a permis de calculer un indice de compétition pour la lumière, basé sur la lumière interceptée par le houppier de l'arbre. Au sein de la niche climatique d'une espèce, l'effet de la compétition pour la lumière sur la croissance et la survie des arbres diminue vers la marge aride et la marge froide, soutenant l'hypothèse du gradient de stress. Le climat affecte principalement la croissance des arbres en pleine lumière, avec une croissance plus lente dans des conditions plus arides ou plus froides. En revanche, pour la survie, le climat affecte principalement les arbres à l'ombre, avec une meilleure survie dans les marges stressantes aride ou froide. Lorsque l'on compare les espèces entre elles, la sensibilité moyenne de la croissance et de la survie des arbres à la compétition pour la lumière diminue avec l'augmentation de l'aridité de la niche climatique moyenne et de la tolérance à l'ombre des espèces. Synthèse. Notre étude souligne l'importance de prendre en compte l'interaction entre compétition pour la lumière et climat pour mieux prédire la croissance et la survie des arbres. L'impact du changement climatique sur un arbre dépendra probablement de son statut de compétition pour la lumière au sein du peuplement forestier, ainsi que de la niche climatique et de la tolérance à l'ombre de l'espèce. We analysed the effect of light competition on tree growth and survival along both temperature and aridity gradients for the 33 major European tree species. We used forest data from nine European countries and the SamsaraLight ray tracing model. We found that the effect of light competition is weaker in stressful environments. Competition between individuals is a key process that drives tree growth and survival in forests. Ecological theories predict that the effect of competition should be weaker in stressful environments. However, quantitative studies have failed to reach a consensus on the direction of the interaction between climate and competition. In this study, we demonstrate that this interaction appears clearly when we explicitly focus on light competition. We analysed the effect of light competition on tree growth and survival along both temperature and aridity gradients for the 33 major European tree species. We collected forest inventories from nine European countries, encompassing over 1 million trees from Spain to Scandinavia. We used species‐specific crown allometric equations to connect this extensive database to the SamsaraLight ray tracing model and to calculate a tree‐based light competition index from the light intercepted by the tree crown. Within a given species' climatic niche, the effect of light competition on tree growth and survival decreased towards both the dry and cold margins, supporting the stress gradient hypothesis. Climate mainly affected tree growth in light, with slower growth in drier or colder conditions. In contrast, for survival, climate mainly affected trees in shade, with better survival in the dry or cold stress margins. Among species, the mean sensitivity of tree growth and survival to light competition decreased with increasing mean aridity niche and shade tolerance of the species. Synthesis. Our study emphasises the importance of considering species‐specific interactions between light competition and climate on tree growth and survival. The impact of climate change on an individual tree is likely to depend on its light competition status within the forest stand, as well as its species‐specific climatic niche and shade tolerance. La compétition entre individus est un processus clé qui détermine la croissance et la survie des arbres des forêts. Les théories écologiques prévoient que l'effet de la compétition devrait être plus faible dans les environnements stressants. Cependant, les études quantitatives ne sont pas parvenues à un consensus sur la direction de l'interaction entre climat et compétition. Dans cette étude, nous démontrons que cette interaction apparaît clairement lorsque nous nous concentrons explicitement sur la compétition pour la lumière. Nous avons analysé l'effet de la compétition pour la lumière sur la croissance et la survie des arbres le long des gradients de température et d'aridité pour les 33 principales espèces d'arbres européennes. Nous avons rassemblé des inventaires forestiers de neuf pays européens, couvrant plus d'un million d'arbres de l'Espagne à la Scandinavie. Nous avons utilisé des équations allométriques de houppiers spécifiques à chaque espèce pour relier cette vaste base de données au modèle de traçage de rayons lumineux SamsaraLight. Cela nous a permis de calculer un indice de compétition pour la lumière, basé sur la lumière interceptée par le houppier de l'arbre. Au sein de la niche climatique d'une espèce, l'effet de la compétition pour la lumière sur la croissance et la survie des arbres diminue vers la marge aride et la marge froide, soutenant l'hypothèse du gradient de stress. Le climat affecte principalement la croissance des arbres en pleine lumière, avec une croissance plus lente dans des conditions plus arides ou plus froides. En revanche, pour la survie, le climat affecte principalement les arbres à l'ombre, avec une meilleure survie dans les marges stressantes aride ou froide. Lorsque l'on compare les espèces entre elles, la sensibilité moyenne de la croissance et de la survie des arbres à la compétition pour la lumière diminue avec l'augmentation de l'aridité de la niche climatique moyenne et de la tolérance à l'ombre des espèces. Synthèse. Notre étude souligne l'importance de prendre en compte l'interaction entre compétition pour la lumière et climat pour mieux prédire la croissance et la survie des arbres. L'impact du changement climatique sur un arbre dépendra probablement de son statut de compétition pour la lumière au sein du peuplement forestier, ainsi que de la niche climatique et de la tolérance à l'ombre de l'espèce. |
Author | Courbaud, Benoit Lehtonen, Aleksi Klopčič, Matija Beauchamp, Nathéo Socha, Jarosław Kunstler, Georges Šebeň, Vladimír Zavala, Miguel A. Dahlgren, Jonas Ruiz‐Benito, Paloma Hawryło, Paweł Cienciala, Emil Touzot, Laura |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nathéo orcidid: 0009-0007-9103-5194 surname: Beauchamp fullname: Beauchamp, Nathéo email: beauchamp.natheo@gmail.com organization: Université Grenoble Alpes, LESSEM, INRAE – sequence: 2 givenname: Georges orcidid: 0000-0002-2544-1940 surname: Kunstler fullname: Kunstler, Georges organization: Université Grenoble Alpes, LESSEM, INRAE – sequence: 3 givenname: Laura orcidid: 0000-0003-0445-554X surname: Touzot fullname: Touzot, Laura organization: Université Grenoble Alpes, LESSEM, INRAE – sequence: 4 givenname: Paloma orcidid: 0000-0002-2781-5870 surname: Ruiz‐Benito fullname: Ruiz‐Benito, Paloma organization: Universidad de Alcala – sequence: 5 givenname: Emil orcidid: 0000-0002-1254-4254 surname: Cienciala fullname: Cienciala, Emil organization: Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences – sequence: 6 givenname: Jonas surname: Dahlgren fullname: Dahlgren, Jonas organization: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences – sequence: 7 givenname: Paweł surname: Hawryło fullname: Hawryło, Paweł organization: University of Agriculture in Krakow – sequence: 8 givenname: Matija surname: Klopčič fullname: Klopčič, Matija organization: University of Ljubljana – sequence: 9 givenname: Aleksi surname: Lehtonen fullname: Lehtonen, Aleksi organization: Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) – sequence: 10 givenname: Vladimír orcidid: 0000-0003-3692-446X surname: Šebeň fullname: Šebeň, Vladimír organization: National Forest Centre‐Forest Research Institute – sequence: 11 givenname: Jarosław orcidid: 0000-0002-9568-5764 surname: Socha fullname: Socha, Jarosław organization: University of Agriculture in Krakow – sequence: 12 givenname: Miguel A. surname: Zavala fullname: Zavala, Miguel A. organization: Universidad de Alcala – sequence: 13 givenname: Benoit orcidid: 0000-0002-3050-9559 surname: Courbaud fullname: Courbaud, Benoit organization: Université Grenoble Alpes, LESSEM, INRAE |
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Keywords | climatic gradients tree growth and survival plant–plant interactions shade tolerance continental range light competition plant–climateinteractions individual-based model |
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Snippet | Competition between individuals is a key process that drives tree growth and survival in forests. Ecological theories predict that the effect of competition... 1- Competition between individuals is a key process that drives tree growth and survival in forests. Ecological theories predict that the effect of competition... |
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SubjectTerms | Allometry Aridity climate Climate change climatic gradients cold cold stress Competition continental range dry environmental conditions Ecology Ecology, environment Ekologi Environmental impact forest stands Forests Gradients individual‐based model Life Sciences Light light competition Niches Plant species plant–climate interactions plant–plant interactions Quantitative research Ray tracing Scandinavia Shade shade tolerance Spain Species Survival temperature tree crown tree growth tree growth and survival Trees |
Title | Light competition affects how tree growth and survival respond to climate |
URI | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2F1365-2745.14489 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3173605470 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3200277160 https://hal.science/hal-04991711 https://res.slu.se/id/publ/141194 |
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