Apert and Crouzon syndromes: clinical findings, genes and extracellular matrix
Apert and Crouzon syndromes are well known craniostenosis. In the last 10 years several studies were performed to provide a better understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases. Both have an autosomal dominant mode of transmission, and a mutation in the gene encoding for the fibro...
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Published in | The Journal of craniofacial surgery Vol. 16; no. 3; p. 361 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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United States
01.05.2005
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Abstract | Apert and Crouzon syndromes are well known craniostenosis. In the last 10 years several studies were performed to provide a better understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases. Both have an autosomal dominant mode of transmission, and a mutation in the gene encoding for the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is the cause in most patients. However, the fact that the same mutation can produce a wide range of phenotypic expression makes the mechanism of anomalous development more complex. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of proteins, glycosaminoglycans, and cytokines that are secreted in an autocrine and paracrine manner and are able to modify the ECM. Fibroblast growth factors are complexed with heparan sulfate, a component of the ECM, before binding the FGFR2. Data exist about different expressions of cytokines and ECM macromolecule in craniostenosis-derived fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Changes in ECM composition could explain the altered osteogenic process and account for pathologic variations in cranial development in addition to the FGFR2 mutations. |
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AbstractList | Apert and Crouzon syndromes are well known craniostenosis. In the last 10 years several studies were performed to provide a better understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases. Both have an autosomal dominant mode of transmission, and a mutation in the gene encoding for the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is the cause in most patients. However, the fact that the same mutation can produce a wide range of phenotypic expression makes the mechanism of anomalous development more complex. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of proteins, glycosaminoglycans, and cytokines that are secreted in an autocrine and paracrine manner and are able to modify the ECM. Fibroblast growth factors are complexed with heparan sulfate, a component of the ECM, before binding the FGFR2. Data exist about different expressions of cytokines and ECM macromolecule in craniostenosis-derived fibroblasts and osteoblasts. Changes in ECM composition could explain the altered osteogenic process and account for pathologic variations in cranial development in addition to the FGFR2 mutations. |
Author | Carinci, Francesco Avantaggiato, Anna Carls, Friedrick Carinci, Paolo Baroni, Tiziano Pezzetti, Furio Becchetti, Ennio Locci, Paola Bodo, Maria Becchetti, Alessio |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Francesco surname: Carinci fullname: Carinci, Francesco email: crc@.unife.it organization: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. crc@.unife.it – sequence: 2 givenname: Furio surname: Pezzetti fullname: Pezzetti, Furio – sequence: 3 givenname: Paola surname: Locci fullname: Locci, Paola – sequence: 4 givenname: Ennio surname: Becchetti fullname: Becchetti, Ennio – sequence: 5 givenname: Friedrick surname: Carls fullname: Carls, Friedrick – sequence: 6 givenname: Anna surname: Avantaggiato fullname: Avantaggiato, Anna – sequence: 7 givenname: Alessio surname: Becchetti fullname: Becchetti, Alessio – sequence: 8 givenname: Paolo surname: Carinci fullname: Carinci, Paolo – sequence: 9 givenname: Tiziano surname: Baroni fullname: Baroni, Tiziano – sequence: 10 givenname: Maria surname: Bodo fullname: Bodo, Maria |
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SubjectTerms | Acrocephalosyndactylia - genetics Amino Acid Substitution Craniofacial Dysostosis - genetics Extracellular Matrix - chemistry Genes, Dominant Humans Osteogenesis - genetics Point Mutation Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - genetics Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor - genetics |
Title | Apert and Crouzon syndromes: clinical findings, genes and extracellular matrix |
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