An Overview of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: Basic Principles and Clinical Applications

• Published in: Canadian journal of neurological sciences Vol. 49; no. 4; pp. 479 - 492
• Main Authors: Bhattacharya, Amitabh, Mrudula, Kambhampati, Sreepada, Sai Sreevalli, Sathyaprabha, Talakad Narsappa, Pal, Pramod Kumar, Chen, Robert, Udupa, Kaviraja
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, USA Cambridge University Press 01.07.2022
• Subjects: Drug resistance; Dystonia; Electric currents; Electromyography; Magnetic fields; Mental depression; Mental disorders; Review Article; Spinal cord; Tinnitus; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Ultrasonic imaging; Vagus nerve; Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS); Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS); Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS); Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS); Metaplasticity; Plasticity; Random noise stimulation (RNS); Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS); Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS); Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

The brain has the innate ability to undergo neuronal plasticity, which refers to changes in its structure and functions in response to continued changes in the environment. Although these concepts are well established in animal slice preparation models, their application to a large number of human s...