Room-temperature ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal showing a large and diverging density
The ferroelectric nematic phase (N F ) is a recently discovered phase of matter in which the orientational order of the conventional nematic liquid crystal state is augmented with polar order. Atomistic simulations suggest that the polar N F phase would be denser than conventional nematics owing to...
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Published in | Soft matter Vol. 2; no. 3; pp. 672 - 68 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
Royal Society of Chemistry
17.01.2024
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Subjects | |
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Abstract | The ferroelectric nematic phase (N
F
) is a recently discovered phase of matter in which the orientational order of the conventional nematic liquid crystal state is augmented with polar order. Atomistic simulations suggest that the polar N
F
phase would be denser than conventional nematics owing to contributions from polar order. Using an oscillating U-tube densitometer, we obtain detailed temperature-dependent density values for a selection of conventional liquid crystals with excellent agreement with earlier reports. Having demonstrated the validity of our method, we then record density as a function of temperature for
M5
, a novel room-temperature ferroelectric nematic material. We present the first experimental density data for a N
F
material as well as density data for a nematic that has not previously been reported. We find that the room-temperature N
F
material shows a large (>1.3 g cm
−3
) density at all temperatures studied, notably including phases without polar order. An increase in density at phase transitions is observed. The magnitude of the increase for the intermediate-to-ferroelectric nematic (N
X
-N
F
) transition is an order of magnitude smaller than the isotropic-nematic (I-N) transition. We then probe potential consequences that may result from an elevated density through measurement of the refractive indices (
n
o
and
n
e
). The
n
avg
of
M5
is compared with
5CB
and polar smectic liquid crystals. We observe how the highly polar nature of the system counteracts the effects of an increase in density. With knowledge of experimental density, we are able to derive an approximation that yields the polar order parameter, 〈
P
1〉, from polarisation measurements. Present results may be typical of ferroelectric nematic materials, potentially guiding material development, and is especially relevant for informing ongoing studies into this emerging class of materials.
The ferroelectric nematic phase (N
F
) is a recently discovered phase of matter in which the orientational order of the conventional nematic liquid crystal state is augmented with polar order, and we show this phase to have exceptionally large density. |
---|---|
AbstractList | The ferroelectric nematic phase (N
) is a recently discovered phase of matter in which the orientational order of the conventional nematic liquid crystal state is augmented with polar order. Atomistic simulations suggest that the polar N
phase would be denser than conventional nematics owing to contributions from polar order. Using an oscillating U-tube densitometer, we obtain detailed temperature-dependent density values for a selection of conventional liquid crystals with excellent agreement with earlier reports. Having demonstrated the validity of our method, we then record density as a function of temperature for M5, a novel room-temperature ferroelectric nematic material. We present the first experimental density data for a N
material as well as density data for a nematic that has not previously been reported. We find that the room-temperature N
material shows a large (>1.3 g cm
) density at all temperatures studied, notably including phases without polar order. An increase in density at phase transitions is observed. The magnitude of the increase for the intermediate-to-ferroelectric nematic (N
-N
) transition is an order of magnitude smaller than the isotropic-nematic (I-N) transition. We then probe potential consequences that may result from an elevated density through measurement of the refractive indices (
and
). The
of M5 is compared with 5CB and polar smectic liquid crystals. We observe how the highly polar nature of the system counteracts the effects of an increase in density. With knowledge of experimental density, we are able to derive an approximation that yields the polar order parameter, 〈
1〉, from polarisation measurements. Present results may be typical of ferroelectric nematic materials, potentially guiding material development, and is especially relevant for informing ongoing studies into this emerging class of materials. The ferroelectric nematic phase (N F ) is a recently discovered phase of matter in which the orientational order of the conventional nematic liquid crystal state is augmented with polar order. Atomistic simulations suggest that the polar N F phase would be denser than conventional nematics owing to contributions from polar order. Using an oscillating U-tube densitometer, we obtain detailed temperature-dependent density values for a selection of conventional liquid crystals with excellent agreement with earlier reports. Having demonstrated the validity of our method, we then record density as a function of temperature for M5, a novel room-temperature ferroelectric nematic material. We present the first experimental density data for a N F material as well as density data for a nematic that has not previously been reported. We find that the room-temperature N F material shows a large (>1.3 g cm −3 ) density at all temperatures studied, notably including phases without polar order. An increase in density at phase transitions is observed. The magnitude of the increase for the intermediate-to-ferroelectric nematic (N X –N F ) transition is an order of magnitude smaller than the isotropic–nematic (I–N) transition. We then probe potential consequences that may result from an elevated density through measurement of the refractive indices ( n o and n e ). The n avg of M5 is compared with 5CB and polar smectic liquid crystals. We observe how the highly polar nature of the system counteracts the effects of an increase in density. With knowledge of experimental density, we are able to derive an approximation that yields the polar order parameter, 〈 P 1〉, from polarisation measurements. Present results may be typical of ferroelectric nematic materials, potentially guiding material development, and is especially relevant for informing ongoing studies into this emerging class of materials. The ferroelectric nematic phase (NF) is a recently discovered phase of matter in which the orientational order of the conventional nematic liquid crystal state is augmented with polar order. Atomistic simulations suggest that the polar NF phase would be denser than conventional nematics owing to contributions from polar order. Using an oscillating U-tube densitometer, we obtain detailed temperature-dependent density values for a selection of conventional liquid crystals with excellent agreement with earlier reports. Having demonstrated the validity of our method, we then record density as a function of temperature for M5, a novel room-temperature ferroelectric nematic material. We present the first experimental density data for a NF material as well as density data for a nematic that has not previously been reported. We find that the room-temperature NF material shows a large (>1.3 g cm-3) density at all temperatures studied, notably including phases without polar order. An increase in density at phase transitions is observed. The magnitude of the increase for the intermediate-to-ferroelectric nematic (NX-NF) transition is an order of magnitude smaller than the isotropic-nematic (I-N) transition. We then probe potential consequences that may result from an elevated density through measurement of the refractive indices (no and ne). The navg of M5 is compared with 5CB and polar smectic liquid crystals. We observe how the highly polar nature of the system counteracts the effects of an increase in density. With knowledge of experimental density, we are able to derive an approximation that yields the polar order parameter, 〈P1〉, from polarisation measurements. Present results may be typical of ferroelectric nematic materials, potentially guiding material development, and is especially relevant for informing ongoing studies into this emerging class of materials. The ferroelectric nematic phase (N F ) is a recently discovered phase of matter in which the orientational order of the conventional nematic liquid crystal state is augmented with polar order. Atomistic simulations suggest that the polar N F phase would be denser than conventional nematics owing to contributions from polar order. Using an oscillating U-tube densitometer, we obtain detailed temperature-dependent density values for a selection of conventional liquid crystals with excellent agreement with earlier reports. Having demonstrated the validity of our method, we then record density as a function of temperature for M5 , a novel room-temperature ferroelectric nematic material. We present the first experimental density data for a N F material as well as density data for a nematic that has not previously been reported. We find that the room-temperature N F material shows a large (>1.3 g cm −3 ) density at all temperatures studied, notably including phases without polar order. An increase in density at phase transitions is observed. The magnitude of the increase for the intermediate-to-ferroelectric nematic (N X -N F ) transition is an order of magnitude smaller than the isotropic-nematic (I-N) transition. We then probe potential consequences that may result from an elevated density through measurement of the refractive indices ( n o and n e ). The n avg of M5 is compared with 5CB and polar smectic liquid crystals. We observe how the highly polar nature of the system counteracts the effects of an increase in density. With knowledge of experimental density, we are able to derive an approximation that yields the polar order parameter, 〈 P 1〉, from polarisation measurements. Present results may be typical of ferroelectric nematic materials, potentially guiding material development, and is especially relevant for informing ongoing studies into this emerging class of materials. The ferroelectric nematic phase (N F ) is a recently discovered phase of matter in which the orientational order of the conventional nematic liquid crystal state is augmented with polar order, and we show this phase to have exceptionally large density. The ferroelectric nematic phase (NF) is a recently discovered phase of matter in which the orientational order of the conventional nematic liquid crystal state is augmented with polar order. Atomistic simulations suggest that the polar NF phase would be denser than conventional nematics owing to contributions from polar order. Using an oscillating U-tube densitometer, we obtain detailed temperature-dependent density values for a selection of conventional liquid crystals with excellent agreement with earlier reports. Having demonstrated the validity of our method, we then record density as a function of temperature for M5, a novel room-temperature ferroelectric nematic material. We present the first experimental density data for a NF material as well as density data for a nematic that has not previously been reported. We find that the room-temperature NF material shows a large (>1.3 g cm−3) density at all temperatures studied, notably including phases without polar order. An increase in density at phase transitions is observed. The magnitude of the increase for the intermediate-to-ferroelectric nematic (NX–NF) transition is an order of magnitude smaller than the isotropic–nematic (I–N) transition. We then probe potential consequences that may result from an elevated density through measurement of the refractive indices (no and ne). The navg of M5 is compared with 5CB and polar smectic liquid crystals. We observe how the highly polar nature of the system counteracts the effects of an increase in density. With knowledge of experimental density, we are able to derive an approximation that yields the polar order parameter, ⟨P1⟩, from polarisation measurements. Present results may be typical of ferroelectric nematic materials, potentially guiding material development, and is especially relevant for informing ongoing studies into this emerging class of materials. |
Author | Parton-Barr, Charles Gleeson, Helen F Mandle, Richard J |
AuthorAffiliation | University of Leeds School of Physics and Astronomy School of Chemistry |
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BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38164818$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1080_02678292_2024_2345214 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_giant_2024_100318 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_54832_0 |
Cites_doi | 10.1051/jphyslet:0197700380101700 10.1678/rheology.48.199 10.2307/2987937 10.1080/02678290010025459 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.122566 10.1080/15421407708083712 10.1080/02678292.2015.1028492 10.1002/jcc.1058 10.1103/PhysRevA.8.1459 10.1016/j.giant.2022.100109 10.1021/jp711211w 10.1039/df9582500019 10.1080/10587259508038680 10.1039/C7CP00456G 10.1209/0295-5075/9/3/010 10.1039/D2RA05628C 10.1080/10587259708039418 10.1126/sciadv.abf5047 10.1063/1.464913 10.1143/JJAP.23.L175 10.1080/02678292.2013.834079 10.1039/B504400F 10.1103/PhysRevLett.32.1406 10.1103/PhysRevX.8.041025 10.1002/adma.201702354 10.1080/02678292.2022.2069297 10.1039/b208506b 10.1063/1.1757034 10.1002/chem.201702742 10.1073/pnas.2002290117 10.1038/s41467-021-25231-0 10.1080/00268947808084998 10.1038/s41586-019-1634-0 10.1103/PhysRevA.26.1785 10.1021/ac60214a047 10.1002/cphc.202100644 10.1021/jp011749e 10.1039/d3cp00357d 10.1039/D2CP01110G 10.1080/02678292.2022.2058101 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.037801 10.1080/02678292.2021.1921867 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00864 10.1016/j.ijleo.2012.06.090 10.1080/00268948508074781 10.1080/00268948608071767 |
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Snippet | The ferroelectric nematic phase (N
F
) is a recently discovered phase of matter in which the orientational order of the conventional nematic liquid crystal... The ferroelectric nematic phase (N ) is a recently discovered phase of matter in which the orientational order of the conventional nematic liquid crystal state... The ferroelectric nematic phase (NF) is a recently discovered phase of matter in which the orientational order of the conventional nematic liquid crystal state... |
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SubjectTerms | Crystals Density Ferroelectric materials Ferroelectricity Manometers Nematic crystals Order parameters Phase transitions Refractivity Room temperature Smectic liquid crystals Temperature Temperature dependence |
Title | Room-temperature ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal showing a large and diverging density |
URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38164818 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2915525544 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2909090057 |
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