Microclass immobility during industrialisation in the USA and Norway

• Published in: Acta sociologica Vol. 62; no. 2; pp. 193 - 210
• Main Authors: Griffiths, Dave, Lambert, Paul S, Zijdeman, Richard L, van Leeuwen, Marco HD, Maas, Ineke
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London, England Sage Publications, Ltd 01.05.2019; SAGE Publications; Sage Publications Ltd
• Subjects: 20th century; Censuses; Classification; Industrialization; Intergenerational mobility; Occupational classifications; Social classes; Social mobility; Social reproduction; Upward mobility; United States > US; Norway; social mobility; microclasses; HISCLASS; HISCO; historical occupations; social reproduction
• ISSN: 0001-6993; 1502-3869; 2067-3809
• DOI: 10.1177/0001699318766231

The ‘microclass’ approach advocated by Grusky, Weeden and colleagues emphasises finegrained occupational differences and their relevance to social reproduction and social mobility. Using recent developments in historical occupational classifications, we adopted a microclass approach to the analysis of intergenerational social mobility using linked census data for Norway and the USA in the late 19th and early 20th century (1850–1910). We describe a procedure that offers an operationalisation of microclass units for these datasets, and show how its application enables us to disentangle different forms of immobility which would not be distinguished in other approaches. Results suggest that microclass immobility is an important part of social reproduction in both Norway and the United States during the era of industrialisation. Both countries reveal a similar balance between ‘big class’ and ‘microclass’ immobility patterns. In Norway, the relative importance of microclasses in social reproduction regimes, when compared to the role of ‘big class’ structures, seems to decline very slightly over the course of industrialisation; but in the USA the relative importance of microclasses seems if anything to increase over the period.