A Screening Approach to the Safe‐and‐Sustainable‐by‐Design Development of Advanced Insulation Materials

• Published in: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) Vol. 20; no. 32; pp. e2311155 - n/a
• Main Authors: Di Battista, Veronica, Ribalta, Carla, Vilsmeier, Klaus, Singh, Dilpreet, Demokritou, Philip, Günther, Eva, Jensen, Keld Alstrup, Dekkers, Susan, Adam, Veronique, Wohlleben, Wendel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.08.2024
• Subjects: Aerogels; aerosols; Benchmarks; Construction Materials; designs; Dust - analysis; hazards; Humans; insulations; Insulators; Occupational Exposure; occupational exposures; Occupational health; Respiration; safety; Screening; Thermal conductivity; hazards; aerosols; safety; occupational exposures; aerogels; designs; insulations
• DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311155
• ISSN: 1613-6810; 1613-6829

Herein, a Safe‐and‐Sustainable‐by‐Design (SSbD) screening strategy on four different inorganic aerogel mats and two conventional mineral wools for ranking purposes is demonstrated. Given that they do not consist of particles, the release is first simulated, addressing three occupational exposure scenarios, realistic for their intended use as building insulators. No exposure to consumers nor to the environment is foreseen in the use phase, however, aerosols may be released during mat installation, posing an inhalation risk for workers. All four aerogel mats release more respirable dust than the benchmark materials and 60% thereof deposits in the alveolar region according to modelling tools. The collected aerogel dust allows for subsequent screening of hazard implications via two abiotic assays: 1) surface reactivity in human blood serum; 2) biodissolution kinetics in lung simulant fluids. Both aerogels and conventional insulators show similar surface reactivity. Differences in biodissolution are influenced by the specifically designed organic and inorganic structural modifications. Aerogel mats are better‐performing insulators (2‐fold lower thermal conductivity than the benchmark) However, this work demonstrates how investment decisions can be balanced with safety and sustainability aspects. Concepts of analogy and similarity thus support easily accessible methods to companies for safe and economically viable innovation with advanced materials. Four inorganic aerogel mats and two conventional mineral wools are used to demonstrate a Safe‐and‐Sustainable‐by‐Design (SSbD) screening strategy. Aerosol release is simulated in three occupational exposure scenarios, realistic for their intended use in building insulation. The collected aerogel dust is screened for hazard implications by abiotic assays. Overall, assessment methods for safer and economically viable innovation with advanced materials are proposed.