Photo‐Induced C−H Methylation Reactions
Direct C−H methylation is a highly valuable approach for introducing methyl groups into organic molecules, particularly in pharmaceutical chemistry. Among the various methodologies available, photo‐induced methylation stands out as an exceptional choice due to its mild reaction conditions, energy ef...
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| Published in | Chemistry : a European journal Vol. 29; no. 72; pp. e202302542 - n/a |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Germany
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
22.12.2023
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| Abstract | Direct C−H methylation is a highly valuable approach for introducing methyl groups into organic molecules, particularly in pharmaceutical chemistry. Among the various methodologies available, photo‐induced methylation stands out as an exceptional choice due to its mild reaction conditions, energy efficiency, and compatibility with functional groups. This article offers a comprehensive review of photochemical strategies employed for the direct and selective methylation of C(sp3)−H, C(sp2)−H, and C(sp)−H bonds in various organic molecules. The discussed methodologies encompass transition‐metal‐based photocatalysis, organophotocatalysis, as well as other metal‐free approaches, including electron donor‐acceptor (EDA)‐enabled transformations. Importantly, a wide range of easily accessible agents such as tert‐butyl peroxide, methanol, DMSO, methyl tert‐butyl ether, TsOMe, N‐(acetoxy)phthalimide, acetic acid, methyl halides, and even methane can serve as effective methylating reagents for modifying diverse targets. These advancements in photochemical C−H methylation are anticipated to drive further progress in the fields of organic synthesis, photocatalysis, and pharmaceutical development, opening up exciting avenues for creating novel organic molecules and discovering new drug compounds.
In this review, we present a concise overview of recent breakthroughs in photochemical C−H methylation. These advancements encompass a variety of methodologies, including transition metal‐based photocatalysis, organophotocatalysis, and various metal‐free approaches, such as electron donor‐acceptor ‐enabled processes. |
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| AbstractList | Direct C−H methylation is a highly valuable approach for introducing methyl groups into organic molecules, particularly in pharmaceutical chemistry. Among the various methodologies available, photo‐induced methylation stands out as an exceptional choice due to its mild reaction conditions, energy efficiency, and compatibility with functional groups. This article offers a comprehensive review of photochemical strategies employed for the direct and selective methylation of C(sp3)−H, C(sp2)−H, and C(sp)−H bonds in various organic molecules. The discussed methodologies encompass transition‐metal‐based photocatalysis, organophotocatalysis, as well as other metal‐free approaches, including electron donor‐acceptor (EDA)‐enabled transformations. Importantly, a wide range of easily accessible agents such as tert‐butyl peroxide, methanol, DMSO, methyl tert‐butyl ether, TsOMe, N‐(acetoxy)phthalimide, acetic acid, methyl halides, and even methane can serve as effective methylating reagents for modifying diverse targets. These advancements in photochemical C−H methylation are anticipated to drive further progress in the fields of organic synthesis, photocatalysis, and pharmaceutical development, opening up exciting avenues for creating novel organic molecules and discovering new drug compounds. Direct C-H methylation is a highly valuable approach for introducing methyl groups into organic molecules, particularly in pharmaceutical chemistry. Among the various methodologies available, photo-induced methylation stands out as an exceptional choice due to its mild reaction conditions, energy efficiency, and compatibility with functional groups. This article offers a comprehensive review of photochemical strategies employed for the direct and selective methylation of C(sp3 )-H, C(sp2 )-H, and C(sp)-H bonds in various organic molecules. The discussed methodologies encompass transition-metal-based photocatalysis, organophotocatalysis, as well as other metal-free approaches, including electron donor-acceptor (EDA)-enabled transformations. Importantly, a wide range of easily accessible agents such as tert-butyl peroxide, methanol, DMSO, methyl tert-butyl ether, TsOMe, N-(acetoxy)phthalimide, acetic acid, methyl halides, and even methane can serve as effective methylating reagents for modifying diverse targets. These advancements in photochemical C-H methylation are anticipated to drive further progress in the fields of organic synthesis, photocatalysis, and pharmaceutical development, opening up exciting avenues for creating novel organic molecules and discovering new drug compounds.Direct C-H methylation is a highly valuable approach for introducing methyl groups into organic molecules, particularly in pharmaceutical chemistry. Among the various methodologies available, photo-induced methylation stands out as an exceptional choice due to its mild reaction conditions, energy efficiency, and compatibility with functional groups. This article offers a comprehensive review of photochemical strategies employed for the direct and selective methylation of C(sp3 )-H, C(sp2 )-H, and C(sp)-H bonds in various organic molecules. The discussed methodologies encompass transition-metal-based photocatalysis, organophotocatalysis, as well as other metal-free approaches, including electron donor-acceptor (EDA)-enabled transformations. Importantly, a wide range of easily accessible agents such as tert-butyl peroxide, methanol, DMSO, methyl tert-butyl ether, TsOMe, N-(acetoxy)phthalimide, acetic acid, methyl halides, and even methane can serve as effective methylating reagents for modifying diverse targets. These advancements in photochemical C-H methylation are anticipated to drive further progress in the fields of organic synthesis, photocatalysis, and pharmaceutical development, opening up exciting avenues for creating novel organic molecules and discovering new drug compounds. Direct C−H methylation is a highly valuable approach for introducing methyl groups into organic molecules, particularly in pharmaceutical chemistry. Among the various methodologies available, photo‐induced methylation stands out as an exceptional choice due to its mild reaction conditions, energy efficiency, and compatibility with functional groups. This article offers a comprehensive review of photochemical strategies employed for the direct and selective methylation of C(sp 3 )−H, C(sp 2 )−H, and C(sp)−H bonds in various organic molecules. The discussed methodologies encompass transition‐metal‐based photocatalysis, organophotocatalysis, as well as other metal‐free approaches, including electron donor‐acceptor (EDA)‐enabled transformations. Importantly, a wide range of easily accessible agents such as tert ‐butyl peroxide, methanol, DMSO, methyl tert ‐butyl ether, TsOMe, N ‐(acetoxy)phthalimide, acetic acid, methyl halides, and even methane can serve as effective methylating reagents for modifying diverse targets. These advancements in photochemical C−H methylation are anticipated to drive further progress in the fields of organic synthesis, photocatalysis, and pharmaceutical development, opening up exciting avenues for creating novel organic molecules and discovering new drug compounds. Direct C−H methylation is a highly valuable approach for introducing methyl groups into organic molecules, particularly in pharmaceutical chemistry. Among the various methodologies available, photo‐induced methylation stands out as an exceptional choice due to its mild reaction conditions, energy efficiency, and compatibility with functional groups. This article offers a comprehensive review of photochemical strategies employed for the direct and selective methylation of C(sp3)−H, C(sp2)−H, and C(sp)−H bonds in various organic molecules. The discussed methodologies encompass transition‐metal‐based photocatalysis, organophotocatalysis, as well as other metal‐free approaches, including electron donor‐acceptor (EDA)‐enabled transformations. Importantly, a wide range of easily accessible agents such as tert‐butyl peroxide, methanol, DMSO, methyl tert‐butyl ether, TsOMe, N‐(acetoxy)phthalimide, acetic acid, methyl halides, and even methane can serve as effective methylating reagents for modifying diverse targets. These advancements in photochemical C−H methylation are anticipated to drive further progress in the fields of organic synthesis, photocatalysis, and pharmaceutical development, opening up exciting avenues for creating novel organic molecules and discovering new drug compounds. In this review, we present a concise overview of recent breakthroughs in photochemical C−H methylation. These advancements encompass a variety of methodologies, including transition metal‐based photocatalysis, organophotocatalysis, and various metal‐free approaches, such as electron donor‐acceptor ‐enabled processes. Direct C-H methylation is a highly valuable approach for introducing methyl groups into organic molecules, particularly in pharmaceutical chemistry. Among the various methodologies available, photo-induced methylation stands out as an exceptional choice due to its mild reaction conditions, energy efficiency, and compatibility with functional groups. This article offers a comprehensive review of photochemical strategies employed for the direct and selective methylation of C(sp )-H, C(sp )-H, and C(sp)-H bonds in various organic molecules. The discussed methodologies encompass transition-metal-based photocatalysis, organophotocatalysis, as well as other metal-free approaches, including electron donor-acceptor (EDA)-enabled transformations. Importantly, a wide range of easily accessible agents such as tert-butyl peroxide, methanol, DMSO, methyl tert-butyl ether, TsOMe, N-(acetoxy)phthalimide, acetic acid, methyl halides, and even methane can serve as effective methylating reagents for modifying diverse targets. These advancements in photochemical C-H methylation are anticipated to drive further progress in the fields of organic synthesis, photocatalysis, and pharmaceutical development, opening up exciting avenues for creating novel organic molecules and discovering new drug compounds. |
| Author | Lin, Yu‐Mei Li, Qian‐Yu Gong, Lei He, Yuhang |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Qian‐Yu surname: Li fullname: Li, Qian‐Yu organization: Xiamen University – sequence: 2 givenname: Yuhang surname: He fullname: He, Yuhang organization: Xiamen University – sequence: 3 givenname: Yu‐Mei surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Yu‐Mei email: linyum@xmu.edu.cn organization: Xiamen University – sequence: 4 givenname: Lei orcidid: 0000-0002-4478-6880 surname: Gong fullname: Gong, Lei email: gongl@xmu.edu.cn organization: Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37800464$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | metal-free catalysis C−H methylation transition metal-catalysis photocatalysis |
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| Snippet | Direct C−H methylation is a highly valuable approach for introducing methyl groups into organic molecules, particularly in pharmaceutical chemistry. Among the... Direct C-H methylation is a highly valuable approach for introducing methyl groups into organic molecules, particularly in pharmaceutical chemistry. Among the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Acetic acid Atmospheric chemistry Chemistry C−H methylation Energy efficiency Functional groups Halides metal-free catalysis Methylation Organic chemistry Pharmaceuticals Photocatalysis Photochemicals Phthalimide Phthalimides Reagents transition metal-catalysis |
| Title | Photo‐Induced C−H Methylation Reactions |
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