Balancing Pd–H Interactions: Thiolate‐Protected Palladium Nanoclusters for Robust and Rapid Hydrogen Gas Sensing
The transition toward hydrogen gas (H2) as an eco‐friendly and renewable energy source necessitates advanced safety technologies, particularly robust sensors for H2 leak detection and concentration monitoring. Although palladium (Pd)‐based materials are preferred for their strong H2 affinity, intens...
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| Published in | Advanced materials (Weinheim) Vol. 36; no. 51; pp. e2404291 - n/a |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Germany
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
01.12.2024
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0935-9648 1521-4095 1521-4095 |
| DOI | 10.1002/adma.202404291 |
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| Abstract | The transition toward hydrogen gas (H2) as an eco‐friendly and renewable energy source necessitates advanced safety technologies, particularly robust sensors for H2 leak detection and concentration monitoring. Although palladium (Pd)‐based materials are preferred for their strong H2 affinity, intense palladium–hydrogen (Pd–H) interactions lead to phase transitions to palladium hydride (PdHx), compromising sensors’ durability and detection speeds after multiple uses. In response, this study introduces a high‐performance H2 sensor designed from thiolate‐protected Pd nanoclusters (Pd8SR16), which leverages the synergistic effect between the metal and protective ligands to form an intermediate palladium–hydrogen–sulfur (Pd–H–S) state during H2 adsorption. Striking a balance, it preserves Pd–H binding affinity while preventing excessive interaction, thus lowering the energy required for H2 desorption. The dynamic adsorption‐dissociation‐recombination‐desorption process is efficiently and highly reversible with Pd8SR16, ensuring robust and rapid H2 sensing at parts per million (ppm). The Pd8SR16‐based sensor demonstrates exceptional stability (50 cycles; 0.11% standard deviation in response), prompt response/recovery (t90 = 0.95 s/6 s), low limit of detection (LoD, 1 ppm), and ambient temperature operability, ranking it among the most sensitive Pd‐based H2 sensors. Furthermore, a multifunctional prototype demonstrates the practicality of real‐world gas sensing using ligand‐protected metal nanoclusters.
Thiolate‐protected palladium nanoclusters (Pd8SR16) enhance hydrogen gas (H2) sensing by leveraging metal‐ thiolate synergy, balancing palladium–hydrogen (Pd–H) interactions, and preventing excessive binding and phase transitions. Pd8SR16 surpass traditional Pd metals in durability and reversibility, enabling rapid H2 detection at parts per million (ppm) levels. A portable, wireless prototype highlights the practicality of ligand‐protected nanoclusters in real‐world scenarios. |
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| AbstractList | The transition toward hydrogen gas (H2) as an eco‐friendly and renewable energy source necessitates advanced safety technologies, particularly robust sensors for H2 leak detection and concentration monitoring. Although palladium (Pd)‐based materials are preferred for their strong H2 affinity, intense palladium–hydrogen (Pd–H) interactions lead to phase transitions to palladium hydride (PdHx), compromising sensors’ durability and detection speeds after multiple uses. In response, this study introduces a high‐performance H2 sensor designed from thiolate‐protected Pd nanoclusters (Pd8SR16), which leverages the synergistic effect between the metal and protective ligands to form an intermediate palladium–hydrogen–sulfur (Pd–H–S) state during H2 adsorption. Striking a balance, it preserves Pd–H binding affinity while preventing excessive interaction, thus lowering the energy required for H2 desorption. The dynamic adsorption‐dissociation‐recombination‐desorption process is efficiently and highly reversible with Pd8SR16, ensuring robust and rapid H2 sensing at parts per million (ppm). The Pd8SR16‐based sensor demonstrates exceptional stability (50 cycles; 0.11% standard deviation in response), prompt response/recovery (t90 = 0.95 s/6 s), low limit of detection (LoD, 1 ppm), and ambient temperature operability, ranking it among the most sensitive Pd‐based H2 sensors. Furthermore, a multifunctional prototype demonstrates the practicality of real‐world gas sensing using ligand‐protected metal nanoclusters. The transition toward hydrogen gas (H2) as an eco‐friendly and renewable energy source necessitates advanced safety technologies, particularly robust sensors for H2 leak detection and concentration monitoring. Although palladium (Pd)‐based materials are preferred for their strong H2 affinity, intense palladium–hydrogen (Pd–H) interactions lead to phase transitions to palladium hydride (PdHx), compromising sensors’ durability and detection speeds after multiple uses. In response, this study introduces a high‐performance H2 sensor designed from thiolate‐protected Pd nanoclusters (Pd8SR16), which leverages the synergistic effect between the metal and protective ligands to form an intermediate palladium–hydrogen–sulfur (Pd–H–S) state during H2 adsorption. Striking a balance, it preserves Pd–H binding affinity while preventing excessive interaction, thus lowering the energy required for H2 desorption. The dynamic adsorption‐dissociation‐recombination‐desorption process is efficiently and highly reversible with Pd8SR16, ensuring robust and rapid H2 sensing at parts per million (ppm). The Pd8SR16‐based sensor demonstrates exceptional stability (50 cycles; 0.11% standard deviation in response), prompt response/recovery (t90 = 0.95 s/6 s), low limit of detection (LoD, 1 ppm), and ambient temperature operability, ranking it among the most sensitive Pd‐based H2 sensors. Furthermore, a multifunctional prototype demonstrates the practicality of real‐world gas sensing using ligand‐protected metal nanoclusters. Thiolate‐protected palladium nanoclusters (Pd8SR16) enhance hydrogen gas (H2) sensing by leveraging metal‐ thiolate synergy, balancing palladium–hydrogen (Pd–H) interactions, and preventing excessive binding and phase transitions. Pd8SR16 surpass traditional Pd metals in durability and reversibility, enabling rapid H2 detection at parts per million (ppm) levels. A portable, wireless prototype highlights the practicality of ligand‐protected nanoclusters in real‐world scenarios. The transition toward hydrogen gas (H2) as an eco-friendly and renewable energy source necessitates advanced safety technologies, particularly robust sensors for H2 leak detection and concentration monitoring. Although palladium (Pd)-based materials are preferred for their strong H2 affinity, intense palladium-hydrogen (Pd-H) interactions lead to phase transitions to palladium hydride (PdHx), compromising sensors' durability and detection speeds after multiple uses. In response, this study introduces a high-performance H2 sensor designed from thiolate-protected Pd nanoclusters (Pd8SR16), which leverages the synergistic effect between the metal and protective ligands to form an intermediate palladium-hydrogen-sulfur (Pd-H-S) state during H2 adsorption. Striking a balance, it preserves Pd-H binding affinity while preventing excessive interaction, thus lowering the energy required for H2 desorption. The dynamic adsorption-dissociation-recombination-desorption process is efficiently and highly reversible with Pd8SR16, ensuring robust and rapid H2 sensing at parts per million (ppm). The Pd8SR16-based sensor demonstrates exceptional stability (50 cycles; 0.11% standard deviation in response), prompt response/recovery (t90 = 0.95 s/6 s), low limit of detection (LoD, 1 ppm), and ambient temperature operability, ranking it among the most sensitive Pd-based H2 sensors. Furthermore, a multifunctional prototype demonstrates the practicality of real-world gas sensing using ligand-protected metal nanoclusters.The transition toward hydrogen gas (H2) as an eco-friendly and renewable energy source necessitates advanced safety technologies, particularly robust sensors for H2 leak detection and concentration monitoring. Although palladium (Pd)-based materials are preferred for their strong H2 affinity, intense palladium-hydrogen (Pd-H) interactions lead to phase transitions to palladium hydride (PdHx), compromising sensors' durability and detection speeds after multiple uses. In response, this study introduces a high-performance H2 sensor designed from thiolate-protected Pd nanoclusters (Pd8SR16), which leverages the synergistic effect between the metal and protective ligands to form an intermediate palladium-hydrogen-sulfur (Pd-H-S) state during H2 adsorption. Striking a balance, it preserves Pd-H binding affinity while preventing excessive interaction, thus lowering the energy required for H2 desorption. The dynamic adsorption-dissociation-recombination-desorption process is efficiently and highly reversible with Pd8SR16, ensuring robust and rapid H2 sensing at parts per million (ppm). The Pd8SR16-based sensor demonstrates exceptional stability (50 cycles; 0.11% standard deviation in response), prompt response/recovery (t90 = 0.95 s/6 s), low limit of detection (LoD, 1 ppm), and ambient temperature operability, ranking it among the most sensitive Pd-based H2 sensors. Furthermore, a multifunctional prototype demonstrates the practicality of real-world gas sensing using ligand-protected metal nanoclusters. The transition toward hydrogen gas (H 2 ) as an eco‐friendly and renewable energy source necessitates advanced safety technologies, particularly robust sensors for H 2 leak detection and concentration monitoring. Although palladium (Pd)‐based materials are preferred for their strong H 2 affinity, intense palladium–hydrogen (Pd–H) interactions lead to phase transitions to palladium hydride (PdH x ), compromising sensors’ durability and detection speeds after multiple uses. In response, this study introduces a high‐performance H 2 sensor designed from thiolate‐protected Pd nanoclusters (Pd 8 SR 16 ), which leverages the synergistic effect between the metal and protective ligands to form an intermediate palladium–hydrogen–sulfur (Pd–H–S) state during H 2 adsorption. Striking a balance, it preserves Pd–H binding affinity while preventing excessive interaction, thus lowering the energy required for H 2 desorption. The dynamic adsorption‐dissociation‐recombination‐desorption process is efficiently and highly reversible with Pd 8 SR 16 , ensuring robust and rapid H 2 sensing at parts per million (ppm). The Pd 8 SR 16 ‐based sensor demonstrates exceptional stability (50 cycles; 0.11% standard deviation in response), prompt response/recovery (t 90 = 0.95 s/6 s), low limit of detection (LoD, 1 ppm), and ambient temperature operability, ranking it among the most sensitive Pd‐based H 2 sensors. Furthermore, a multifunctional prototype demonstrates the practicality of real‐world gas sensing using ligand‐protected metal nanoclusters. The transition toward hydrogen gas (H ) as an eco-friendly and renewable energy source necessitates advanced safety technologies, particularly robust sensors for H leak detection and concentration monitoring. Although palladium (Pd)-based materials are preferred for their strong H affinity, intense palladium-hydrogen (Pd-H) interactions lead to phase transitions to palladium hydride (PdH ), compromising sensors' durability and detection speeds after multiple uses. In response, this study introduces a high-performance H sensor designed from thiolate-protected Pd nanoclusters (Pd SR ), which leverages the synergistic effect between the metal and protective ligands to form an intermediate palladium-hydrogen-sulfur (Pd-H-S) state during H adsorption. Striking a balance, it preserves Pd-H binding affinity while preventing excessive interaction, thus lowering the energy required for H desorption. The dynamic adsorption-dissociation-recombination-desorption process is efficiently and highly reversible with Pd SR , ensuring robust and rapid H sensing at parts per million (ppm). The Pd SR -based sensor demonstrates exceptional stability (50 cycles; 0.11% standard deviation in response), prompt response/recovery (t = 0.95 s/6 s), low limit of detection (LoD, 1 ppm), and ambient temperature operability, ranking it among the most sensitive Pd-based H sensors. Furthermore, a multifunctional prototype demonstrates the practicality of real-world gas sensing using ligand-protected metal nanoclusters. |
| Author | Wang, Jinrong Khashab, Niveen M. Wang, Xinhuilan Chen, Zhuo Yuan, Peng Davaasuren, Bambar Jia, Jiaqi Bakr, Osman M. Lai, Zhiping Chen, Cailing Yin, Jun Huang, Kuo‐Wei Salama, Khaled N. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Zhuo orcidid: 0000-0001-5001-5743 surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Zhuo email: zhuo.chen.1@kaust.edu.sa organization: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) – sequence: 2 givenname: Peng surname: Yuan fullname: Yuan, Peng organization: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) – sequence: 3 givenname: Cailing orcidid: 0000-0003-2598-1354 surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Cailing organization: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) – sequence: 4 givenname: Xinhuilan surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Xinhuilan organization: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) – sequence: 5 givenname: Jinrong surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jinrong organization: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) – sequence: 6 givenname: Jiaqi surname: Jia fullname: Jia, Jiaqi organization: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) – sequence: 7 givenname: Bambar surname: Davaasuren fullname: Davaasuren, Bambar organization: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) – sequence: 8 givenname: Zhiping orcidid: 0000-0001-9555-6009 surname: Lai fullname: Lai, Zhiping organization: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) – sequence: 9 givenname: Niveen M. orcidid: 0000-0003-2728-0666 surname: Khashab fullname: Khashab, Niveen M. organization: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) – sequence: 10 givenname: Kuo‐Wei orcidid: 0000-0003-1900-2658 surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Kuo‐Wei organization: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) – sequence: 11 givenname: Osman M. orcidid: 0000-0002-3428-1002 surname: Bakr fullname: Bakr, Osman M. organization: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) – sequence: 12 givenname: Jun orcidid: 0000-0002-1749-1120 surname: Yin fullname: Yin, Jun email: jun.yin@polyu.edu.hk organization: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University – sequence: 13 givenname: Khaled N. orcidid: 0000-0001-7742-1282 surname: Salama fullname: Salama, Khaled N. email: khaled.salama@kaust.edu.sa organization: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38975670$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | palladium nanoclusters hydrogen adsorption thiolate ligands graphene gas sensors |
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| Snippet | The transition toward hydrogen gas (H2) as an eco‐friendly and renewable energy source necessitates advanced safety technologies, particularly robust sensors... The transition toward hydrogen gas (H 2 ) as an eco‐friendly and renewable energy source necessitates advanced safety technologies, particularly robust sensors... The transition toward hydrogen gas (H ) as an eco-friendly and renewable energy source necessitates advanced safety technologies, particularly robust sensors... The transition toward hydrogen gas (H2) as an eco-friendly and renewable energy source necessitates advanced safety technologies, particularly robust sensors... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adsorption Affinity Ambient temperature Desorption Energy of dissociation Gas sensors graphene Hydrogen hydrogen adsorption Leak detection Ligands Nanoclusters Palladium palladium nanoclusters Phase transitions Renewable energy sources Robustness Sensors Synergistic effect thiolate ligands |
| Title | Balancing Pd–H Interactions: Thiolate‐Protected Palladium Nanoclusters for Robust and Rapid Hydrogen Gas Sensing |
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