Ultrathin Functional Polymer Modified Graphene for Enhanced Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensing

Grafting thin polymer layers on graphene enables coupling target biomolecules to graphene surfaces, especially through amide and aldehyde linkages with carboxylic acid and primary amine derivatives, respectively. However, functionalizing monolayer graphene with thin polymer layers without affecting...

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Published inBiosensors (Basel) Vol. 9; no. 1; p. 16
Main Authors Devadoss, Anitha, Forsyth, Rhiannan, Bigham, Ryan, Abbasi, Hina, Ali, Muhammad, Tehrani, Zari, Liu, Yufei, Guy, Owen J
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 18.01.2019
MDPI
Subjects
Aldehydes
Binding sites
bio electrochemistry
biofunctionalization
Biomolecules
Biosensors
Carboxylic acids
Chemical vapor deposition
Electrical properties
Electrochemical analysis
electrochemical sensing
Electrochemistry
Electrodes
Electron transfer
electropolymerization
enzyme immobilization
Enzymes
functional polymers
glucose biosensor
Grafting
Graphene
Horseradish peroxidase
Hydrogen peroxide
Immobilization
Oxidation
Peroxidase
Polymerization
Polymers
Surface properties
Thickness
Thin films
United Kingdom > UK
biofunctionalization
Graphene
glucose biosensor
electropolymerization
enzyme immobilization
electrochemical sensing
functional polymers
bio electrochemistry
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Abstract Grafting thin polymer layers on graphene enables coupling target biomolecules to graphene surfaces, especially through amide and aldehyde linkages with carboxylic acid and primary amine derivatives, respectively. However, functionalizing monolayer graphene with thin polymer layers without affecting their exceptional electrical properties remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the controlled modification of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown single layer graphene with ultrathin polymer 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) layers using the electropolymerization technique. It is observed that the controlled electropolymerization of DAN monomer offers continuous polymer layers with thickness ranging between 5⁻25 nm. The surface characteristics of pure and polymer modified graphene was examined. As anticipated, the number of surface amine groups increases with increases in the layer thickness. The effects of polymer thickness on the electron transfer rates were studied in detail and a simple route for the estimation of surface coverage of amine groups was demonstrated using the electrochemical analysis. The implications of grafting ultrathin polymer layers on graphene towards horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme immobilization and enzymatic electrochemical sensing of H₂O₂ were discussed elaborately.
AbstractList Grafting thin polymer layers on graphene enables coupling target biomolecules to graphene surfaces, especially through amide and aldehyde linkages with carboxylic acid and primary amine derivatives, respectively. However, functionalizing monolayer graphene with thin polymer layers without affecting their exceptional electrical properties remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the controlled modification of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown single layer graphene with ultrathin polymer 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) layers using the electropolymerization technique. It is observed that the controlled electropolymerization of DAN monomer offers continuous polymer layers with thickness ranging between 5–25 nm. The surface characteristics of pure and polymer modified graphene was examined. As anticipated, the number of surface amine groups increases with increases in the layer thickness. The effects of polymer thickness on the electron transfer rates were studied in detail and a simple route for the estimation of surface coverage of amine groups was demonstrated using the electrochemical analysis. The implications of grafting ultrathin polymer layers on graphene towards horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme immobilization and enzymatic electrochemical sensing of H2O2 were discussed elaborately.
Grafting thin polymer layers on graphene enables coupling target biomolecules to graphene surfaces, especially through amide and aldehyde linkages with carboxylic acid and primary amine derivatives, respectively. However, functionalizing monolayer graphene with thin polymer layers without affecting their exceptional electrical properties remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the controlled modification of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown single layer graphene with ultrathin polymer 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) layers using the electropolymerization technique. It is observed that the controlled electropolymerization of DAN monomer offers continuous polymer layers with thickness ranging between 5⁻25 nm. The surface characteristics of pure and polymer modified graphene was examined. As anticipated, the number of surface amine groups increases with increases in the layer thickness. The effects of polymer thickness on the electron transfer rates were studied in detail and a simple route for the estimation of surface coverage of amine groups was demonstrated using the electrochemical analysis. The implications of grafting ultrathin polymer layers on graphene towards horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme immobilization and enzymatic electrochemical sensing of H₂O₂ were discussed elaborately.
Grafting thin polymer layers on graphene enables coupling target biomolecules to graphene surfaces, especially through amide and aldehyde linkages with carboxylic acid and primary amine derivatives, respectively. However, functionalizing monolayer graphene with thin polymer layers without affecting their exceptional electrical properties remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the controlled modification of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown single layer graphene with ultrathin polymer 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) layers using the electropolymerization technique. It is observed that the controlled electropolymerization of DAN monomer offers continuous polymer layers with thickness ranging between 5–25 nm. The surface characteristics of pure and polymer modified graphene was examined. As anticipated, the number of surface amine groups increases with increases in the layer thickness. The effects of polymer thickness on the electron transfer rates were studied in detail and a simple route for the estimation of surface coverage of amine groups was demonstrated using the electrochemical analysis. The implications of grafting ultrathin polymer layers on graphene towards horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme immobilization and enzymatic electrochemical sensing of H 2 O 2 were discussed elaborately.
Author Bigham, Ryan
Ali, Muhammad
Liu, Yufei
Tehrani, Zari
Devadoss, Anitha
Guy, Owen J
Forsyth, Rhiannan
Abbasi, Hina
AuthorAffiliation 1 Systems and Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), Centre for NanoHealth, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; 652686@swansea.ac.uk (R.F.); R.M.Bigham@Swansea.ac.uk (R.B.); H.Y.Abbasi@Swansea.ac.uk (H.A.); 823439@swansea.ac.uk (M.A.); z.tehrani@swansea.ac.uk (Z.T.)
3 Centre for Intelligent Sensing Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
2 Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Yufei.Liu@cqu.edu.cn
4 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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Issue 1
Keywords biofunctionalization
Graphene
glucose biosensor
electropolymerization
enzyme immobilization
electrochemical sensing
functional polymers
bio electrochemistry
Language English
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Snippet Grafting thin polymer layers on graphene enables coupling target biomolecules to graphene surfaces, especially through amide and aldehyde linkages with...
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StartPage 16
SubjectTerms Aldehydes
Binding sites
bio electrochemistry
biofunctionalization
Biomolecules
Biosensors
Carboxylic acids
Chemical vapor deposition
Electrical properties
Electrochemical analysis
electrochemical sensing
Electrochemistry
Electrodes
Electron transfer
electropolymerization
enzyme immobilization
Enzymes
functional polymers
glucose biosensor
Grafting
Graphene
Horseradish peroxidase
Hydrogen peroxide
Immobilization
Oxidation
Peroxidase
Polymerization
Polymers
Surface properties
Thickness
Thin films
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Title Ultrathin Functional Polymer Modified Graphene for Enhanced Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensing
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30669385
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2547476087/abstract/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6468408
https://doaj.org/article/91de52f0447c4c02882d9abd0c93cb99
Volume 9
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