High-flux water desalination with interfacial salt sieving effect in nanoporous carbon composite membranes
Freshwater flux and energy consumption are two important benchmarks for the membrane desalination process. Here, we show that nanoporous carbon composite membranes, which comprise a layer of porous carbon fibre structures grown on a porous ceramic substrate, can exhibit 100% desalination and a fresh...
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| Published in | Nature nanotechnology Vol. 13; no. 4; pp. 345 - 350 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
01.04.2018
Nature Publishing Group |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Freshwater flux and energy consumption are two important benchmarks for the membrane desalination process. Here, we show that nanoporous carbon composite membranes, which comprise a layer of porous carbon fibre structures grown on a porous ceramic substrate, can exhibit 100% desalination and a freshwater flux that is 3–20 times higher than existing polymeric membranes. Thermal accounting experiments demonstrated that the carbon composite membrane saved over 80% of the latent heat consumption. Theoretical calculations combined with molecular dynamics simulations revealed the unique microscopic process occurring in the membrane. When the salt solution is stopped at the openings to the nanoscale porous channels and forms a meniscus, the vapour can rapidly transport across the nanoscale gap to condense on the permeate side. This process is driven by the chemical potential gradient and aided by the unique smoothness of the carbon surface. The high thermal conductivity of the carbon composite membrane ensures that most of the latent heat is recovered.
Nanoporous carbon composite membranes exhibit 100% salt rejection and high water flux due to the interfacial sieving effect and the fast transport of vapour in carbon pores, respectively. |
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| AbstractList | Freshwater flux and energy consumption are two important benchmarks for the membrane desalination process. Here, we show that nanoporous carbon composite membranes, which comprise a layer of porous carbon fibre structures grown on a porous ceramic substrate, can exhibit 100% desalination and a freshwater flux that is 3-20 times higher than existing polymeric membranes. Thermal accounting experiments demonstrated that the carbon composite membrane saved over 80% of the latent heat consumption. Theoretical calculations combined with molecular dynamics simulations revealed the unique microscopic process occurring in the membrane. When the salt solution is stopped at the openings to the nanoscale porous channels and forms a meniscus, the vapour can rapidly transport across the nanoscale gap to condense on the permeate side. This process is driven by the chemical potential gradient and aided by the unique smoothness of the carbon surface. The high thermal conductivity of the carbon composite membrane ensures that most of the latent heat is recovered.Freshwater flux and energy consumption are two important benchmarks for the membrane desalination process. Here, we show that nanoporous carbon composite membranes, which comprise a layer of porous carbon fibre structures grown on a porous ceramic substrate, can exhibit 100% desalination and a freshwater flux that is 3-20 times higher than existing polymeric membranes. Thermal accounting experiments demonstrated that the carbon composite membrane saved over 80% of the latent heat consumption. Theoretical calculations combined with molecular dynamics simulations revealed the unique microscopic process occurring in the membrane. When the salt solution is stopped at the openings to the nanoscale porous channels and forms a meniscus, the vapour can rapidly transport across the nanoscale gap to condense on the permeate side. This process is driven by the chemical potential gradient and aided by the unique smoothness of the carbon surface. The high thermal conductivity of the carbon composite membrane ensures that most of the latent heat is recovered. Freshwater flux and energy consumption are two important benchmarks for the membrane desalination process. Here, we show that nanoporous carbon composite membranes, which comprise a layer of porous carbon fibre structures grown on a porous ceramic substrate, can exhibit 100% desalination and a freshwater flux that is 3-20 times higher than existing polymeric membranes. Thermal accounting experiments demonstrated that the carbon composite membrane saved over 80% of the latent heat consumption. Theoretical calculations combined with molecular dynamics simulations revealed the unique microscopic process occurring in the membrane. When the salt solution is stopped at the openings to the nanoscale porous channels and forms a meniscus, the vapour can rapidly transport across the nanoscale gap to condense on the permeate side. This process is driven by the chemical potential gradient and aided by the unique smoothness of the carbon surface. The high thermal conductivity of the carbon composite membrane ensures that most of the latent heat is recovered. Freshwater flux and energy consumption are two important benchmarks for the membrane desalination process. Here, we show that nanoporous carbon composite membranes, which comprise a layer of porous carbon fibre structures grown on a porous ceramic substrate, can exhibit 100% desalination and a freshwater flux that is 3–20 times higher than existing polymeric membranes. Thermal accounting experiments demonstrated that the carbon composite membrane saved over 80% of the latent heat consumption. Theoretical calculations combined with molecular dynamics simulations revealed the unique microscopic process occurring in the membrane. When the salt solution is stopped at the openings to the nanoscale porous channels and forms a meniscus, the vapour can rapidly transport across the nanoscale gap to condense on the permeate side. This process is driven by the chemical potential gradient and aided by the unique smoothness of the carbon surface. The high thermal conductivity of the carbon composite membrane ensures that most of the latent heat is recovered. Nanoporous carbon composite membranes exhibit 100% salt rejection and high water flux due to the interfacial sieving effect and the fast transport of vapour in carbon pores, respectively. |
| Author | Chen, Wei Zhang, Xixiang Sheng, Ping Lai, Zhiping Zhang, Qiang Yin, Hang Fan, Zhongli Huang, Kuo-Wei Chen, Shuyu Liang, Tengfei |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Wei orcidid: 0000-0003-3122-2952 surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Wei organization: Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 2 givenname: Shuyu surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Shuyu organization: Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology – sequence: 3 givenname: Tengfei surname: Liang fullname: Liang, Tengfei organization: Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University – sequence: 4 givenname: Qiang surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Qiang organization: Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology – sequence: 5 givenname: Zhongli surname: Fan fullname: Fan, Zhongli organization: Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology – sequence: 6 givenname: Hang surname: Yin fullname: Yin, Hang organization: Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology – sequence: 7 givenname: Kuo-Wei surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Kuo-Wei organization: Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology – sequence: 8 givenname: Xixiang orcidid: 0000-0002-3478-6414 surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Xixiang organization: Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology – sequence: 9 givenname: Zhiping orcidid: 0000-0001-9555-6009 surname: Lai fullname: Lai, Zhiping email: zhiping.lai@kaust.edu.sa organization: Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology – sequence: 10 givenname: Ping surname: Sheng fullname: Sheng, Ping email: sheng@ust.hk organization: Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29507347$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Freshwater flux and energy consumption are two important benchmarks for the membrane desalination process. Here, we show that nanoporous carbon composite... |
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| SubjectTerms | 639/166/898 639/925/357/73 Benchmarks Carbon Carbon fiber reinforced plastics Ceramic fibers Chemical potential Chemistry and Materials Science Desalination Energy consumption Fluctuations Flux Latent heat Materials Science Membranes Molecular dynamics Nanotechnology Nanotechnology and Microengineering Smoothness Substrates Thermal conductivity |
| Title | High-flux water desalination with interfacial salt sieving effect in nanoporous carbon composite membranes |
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