Imaging emotional brain functions: Conceptual and methodological issues

• Published in: Journal of physiology, Paris Vol. 99; no. 4; pp. 293 - 307
• Main Author: Peper, Martin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: France Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2006
• Subjects: Amygdala; Animals; Brain - anatomy & histology; Brain - physiology; Brain imaging; Conditioning (Psychology) - physiology; Diagnostic Imaging; Emotion; Emotions - physiology; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prefrontal cortex; Reproducibility of Results; Research methods; Terminology as Topic; Tutorial review; Brain imaging; Emotion; Prefrontal cortex; Amygdala; Tutorial review; Research methods
• ISSN: 0928-4257; 1769-7115
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2006.03.009

This article reviews the psychophysiological and brain imaging literature on emotional brain function from a methodological point of view. The difficulties in defining, operationalising and measuring emotional activation and, in particular, aversive learning will be considered. Emotion is a response of the organism during an episode of major significance and involves physiological activation, motivational, perceptual, evaluative and learning processes, motor expression, action tendencies and monitoring/subjective feelings. Despite the advances in assessing the physiological correlates of emotional perception and learning processes, a critical appraisal shows that functional neuroimaging approaches encounter methodological difficulties regarding measurement precision (e.g., response scaling and reproducibility) and validity (e.g., response specificity, generalisation to other paradigms, subjects or settings). Since emotional processes are not only the result of localised but also of widely distributed activation, a more representative model of assessment is needed that systematically relates the hierarchy of high- and low-level emotion constructs with the corresponding patterns of activity and functional connectivity of the brain.