LEIA Discovery of the Longest-lasting and Most Energetic Stellar X-Ray Flare Ever Detected

The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy (LEIA) detected a new X-ray transient on 2022 November 7, identified as a superflare event occurring on a nearby K-type giant star HD 251108. The flux increase was also detected in follow-up observations at X-ray, UV, and optical wavelengths. The flare lasted for...

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Published inThe Astrophysical journal Vol. 980; no. 2; pp. 268 - 282
Main Authors Mao, Xuan, Liu, He-Yang, Wang, Song, Ling, Zhixing, Yuan, Weimin, Cheng, Huaqing, Pan, Haiwu, Li, Dongyue, Favata, Fabio, Ji, Tuo, Zhang, Jujia, Zhao, Xinlin, Wang, Jing, Liu, Mingjun, Liu, Yuan, Cai, Zhiming, Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., Dai, Yanfeng, Deng, Licai, Ding, Xu, Ji, Kaifan, Jin, Chichuan, Lei, Yajuan, Li, Huali, Lin, Jun, Liu, Huaqiu, Liu, Shuai, Sun, Hui, Sun, Shengli, Sun, Xiaojin, Shi, Jianrong, Wang, Jianguo, Wang, Jingxiu, Wang, Wenxin, Wei, Jianyan, Xin, Liping, Xiong, Dingrong, Zhang, Chen, Zhang, Wenda, Zhang, Yonghe, Zhang, Xiaofeng, Zhao, Donghua, Zhou, Guiping
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published The American Astronomical Society 20.02.2025
IOP Publishing
Subjects
Stellar activity
Stellar flares
X-ray transient sources
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Abstract The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy (LEIA) detected a new X-ray transient on 2022 November 7, identified as a superflare event occurring on a nearby K-type giant star HD 251108. The flux increase was also detected in follow-up observations at X-ray, UV, and optical wavelengths. The flare lasted for about 40 days in soft X-ray observations, reaching a peak luminosity of ∼1.1 × 10 34 erg s −1 in 0.5–4.0 keV, which is roughly 60 times the quiescent luminosity. Optical brightening was observed for only one night. The X-ray light curve is well described by a double fast rise and exponential decay model, attributed to the cooling process of a loop arcade structure formed subsequent to the initial large loop with a half-length of ∼1.9 × 10 12 cm. Time-resolved X-ray spectra were fitted by a four-temperature apec model (with three components being the quiescent background), showing significant evolution of plasma temperature and emission measure over time. The estimated energy released in the LEIA band is ∼3 × 10 39 erg, suggesting that this is likely the most energetic X-ray stellar flare with the longest duration detected to date.
AbstractList The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy (LEIA) detected a new X-ray transient on 2022 November 7, identified as a superflare event occurring on a nearby K-type giant star HD 251108. The flux increase was also detected in follow-up observations at X-ray, UV, and optical wavelengths. The flare lasted for about 40 days in soft X-ray observations, reaching a peak luminosity of ∼1.1 × 10 34 erg s −1 in 0.5–4.0 keV, which is roughly 60 times the quiescent luminosity. Optical brightening was observed for only one night. The X-ray light curve is well described by a double fast rise and exponential decay model, attributed to the cooling process of a loop arcade structure formed subsequent to the initial large loop with a half-length of ∼1.9 × 10 12 cm. Time-resolved X-ray spectra were fitted by a four-temperature apec model (with three components being the quiescent background), showing significant evolution of plasma temperature and emission measure over time. The estimated energy released in the LEIA band is ∼3 × 10 39 erg, suggesting that this is likely the most energetic X-ray stellar flare with the longest duration detected to date.
Author Mao, Xuan
Deng, Licai
Zhang, Yonghe
Pan, Haiwu
Li, Dongyue
Wang, Song
Jin, Chichuan
Xin, Liping
Ji, Tuo
Cheng, Huaqing
Sun, Shengli
Zhao, Donghua
Lei, Yajuan
Sun, Hui
Zhao, Xinlin
Ji, Kaifan
Ding, Xu
Wang, Jingxiu
Ling, Zhixing
Zhang, Jujia
Cai, Zhiming
Yuan, Weimin
Sun, Xiaojin
Liu, He-Yang
Liu, Shuai
Shi, Jianrong
Zhang, Wenda
Li, Huali
Lin, Jun
Wang, Wenxin
Zhang, Xiaofeng
Zhang, Chen
Wang, Jianguo
Favata, Fabio
Wang, Jing
Liu, Mingjun
Wei, Jianyan
Castro-Tirado, Alberto J.
Dai, Yanfeng
Xiong, Dingrong
Liu, Yuan
Liu, Huaqiu
Zhou, Guiping
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Snippet The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy (LEIA) detected a new X-ray transient on 2022 November 7, identified as a superflare event occurring on a nearby K-type...
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StartPage 268
SubjectTerms Stellar activity
Stellar flares
X-ray transient sources
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Title LEIA Discovery of the Longest-lasting and Most Energetic Stellar X-Ray Flare Ever Detected
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