A Visual Comparison of Silent Error Propagation
High-performance computing (HPC) systems play a critical role in facilitating scientific discoveries. Their scale and complexity (e.g., the number of computational units and software stack) continue to grow as new systems are expected to process increasingly more data and reduce computing time. Howe...
Saved in:
| Published in | IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics Vol. 30; no. 7; pp. 3268 - 3282 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
IEEE
01.07.2024
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | High-performance computing (HPC) systems play a critical role in facilitating scientific discoveries. Their scale and complexity (e.g., the number of computational units and software stack) continue to grow as new systems are expected to process increasingly more data and reduce computing time. However, with more processing elements, the probability that these systems will experience a random bit-flip error that corrupts a program's output also increases, which is often recognized as silent data corruption. Analyzing the resiliency of HPC applications in extreme-scale computing to silent data corruption is crucial but difficult. An HPC application often contains a large number of computation units that need to be tested, and error propagation caused by error corruption is complex and difficult to interpret. To accommodate this challenge, we propose an interactive visualization system that helps HPC researchers understand the resiliency of HPC applications and compare their error propagation. Our system models an application's error propagation to study a program's resiliency by constructing and visualizing its fault tolerance boundary. Coordinating with multiple interactive designs, our system enables domain experts to efficiently explore the complicated spatial and temporal correlation between error propagations. At the end, the system integrated a nonmonotonic error propagation analysis with an adjustable graph propagation visualization to help domain experts examine the details of error propagation and answer such questions as why an error is mitigated or amplified by program execution. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | High-performance computing (HPC) systems play a critical role in facilitating scientific discoveries. Their scale and complexity (e.g., the number of computational units and software stack) continue to grow as new systems are expected to process increasingly more data and reduce computing time. However, with more processing elements, the probability that these systems will experience a random bit-flip error that corrupts a program's output also increases, which is often recognized as silent data corruption. Analyzing the resiliency of HPC applications in extreme-scale computing to silent data corruption is crucial but difficult. An HPC application often contains a large number of computation units that need to be tested, and error propagation caused by error corruption is complex and difficult to interpret. To accommodate this challenge, we propose an interactive visualization system that helps HPC researchers understand the resiliency of HPC applications and compare their error propagation. Our system models an application's error propagation to study a program's resiliency by constructing and visualizing its fault tolerance boundary. Coordinating with multiple interactive designs, our system enables domain experts to efficiently explore the complicated spatial and temporal correlation between error propagations. At the end, the system integrated a nonmonotonic error propagation analysis with an adjustable graph propagation visualization to help domain experts examine the details of error propagation and answer such questions as why an error is mitigated or amplified by program execution. High-performance computing (HPC) systems play a critical role in facilitating scientific discoveries. Their scale and complexity (e.g., the number of computational units and software stack) continue to grow as new systems are expected to process increasingly more data and reduce computing time. However, with more processing elements, the probability that these systems will experience a random bit-flip error that corrupts a program's output also increases, which is often recognized as silent data corruption. Analyzing the resiliency of HPC applications in extreme-scale computing to silent data corruption is crucial but difficult. An HPC application often contains a large number of computation units that need to be tested, and error propagation caused by error corruption is complex and difficult to interpret. To accommodate this challenge, we propose an interactive visualization system that helps HPC researchers understand the resiliency of HPC applications and compare their error propagation. Our system models an application's error propagation to study a program's resiliency by constructing and visualizing its fault tolerance boundary. Coordinating with multiple interactive designs, our system enables domain experts to efficiently explore the complicated spatial and temporal correlation between error propagations. At the end, the system integrated a nonmonotonic error propagation analysis with an adjustable graph propagation visualization to help domain experts examine the details of error propagation and answer such questions as why an error is mitigated or amplified by program execution.High-performance computing (HPC) systems play a critical role in facilitating scientific discoveries. Their scale and complexity (e.g., the number of computational units and software stack) continue to grow as new systems are expected to process increasingly more data and reduce computing time. However, with more processing elements, the probability that these systems will experience a random bit-flip error that corrupts a program's output also increases, which is often recognized as silent data corruption. Analyzing the resiliency of HPC applications in extreme-scale computing to silent data corruption is crucial but difficult. An HPC application often contains a large number of computation units that need to be tested, and error propagation caused by error corruption is complex and difficult to interpret. To accommodate this challenge, we propose an interactive visualization system that helps HPC researchers understand the resiliency of HPC applications and compare their error propagation. Our system models an application's error propagation to study a program's resiliency by constructing and visualizing its fault tolerance boundary. Coordinating with multiple interactive designs, our system enables domain experts to efficiently explore the complicated spatial and temporal correlation between error propagations. At the end, the system integrated a nonmonotonic error propagation analysis with an adjustable graph propagation visualization to help domain experts examine the details of error propagation and answer such questions as why an error is mitigated or amplified by program execution. High-performance computing (HPC) systems play a critical role in facilitating scientific discoveries. Their scale and complexity (e.g., the number of computational units and software stack) continue to grow as new systems are expected to process increasingly more data and reduce computing time. However, with more processing elements, the probability that these systems will experience a random bit-flip error that corrupts a program's output also increases, which is often recognized as silent data corruption. Analyzing the resiliency of HPC applications in extreme-scale computing to silent data corruption is crucial but difficult. An HPC application often contains a large number of computation units that need to be tested, and error propagation caused by error corruption is complex and difficult to interpret. Here, to accommodate this challenge, we propose an interactive visualization system that helps HPC researchers understand the resiliency of HPC applications and compare their error propagation. Our system models an application's error propagation to study a program's resiliency by constructing and visualizing its fault tolerance boundary. Coordinating with multiple interactive designs, our system enables domain experts to efficiently explore the complicated spatial and temporal correlation between error propagations. At the end, the system integrated a nonmonotonic error propagation analysis with an adjustable graph propagation visualization to help domain experts examine the details of error propagation and answer such questions as why an error is mitigated or amplified by program execution. |
| Author | Li, Zhimin Liu, Shusen Pascucci, Valerio Menon, Harshitha Mohror, Kathryn Guo, Luanzheng Bremer, Peer-Timo |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Zhimin orcidid: 0000-0003-4324-741X surname: Li fullname: Li, Zhimin email: zhimin@sci.utah.edu organization: Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Harshitha surname: Menon fullname: Menon, Harshitha email: gopalakrishn1@llnl.gov organization: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Kathryn surname: Mohror fullname: Mohror, Kathryn email: mohror1@llnl.gov organization: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Shusen orcidid: 0000-0002-6455-8391 surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Shusen email: liu42@llnl.gov organization: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Luanzheng orcidid: 0000-0001-8266-0923 surname: Guo fullname: Guo, Luanzheng email: lenny.guo@pnnl.gov organization: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Peer-Timo orcidid: 0000-0003-4107-3831 surname: Bremer fullname: Bremer, Peer-Timo email: bremer5@llnl.gov organization: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Valerio orcidid: 0000-0002-8877-2042 surname: Pascucci fullname: Pascucci, Valerio email: pascucci@sci.utah.edu organization: Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37015425$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2478910$$D View this record in Osti.gov |
| BookMark | eNpd0U1v1DAQBmALFdEP-AEICUVw4ZLt2BPb62O1Ki1SJZAovVqOMwFXWXuxk0P_PV7ttgdOnsMzo_G85-wkpkiMveew4hzM5f3D5mYlQIgVCgSF6hU746bjLUhQJ7UGrVuhhDpl56U8AvCuW5s37BQ1cNkJecYur5qHUBY3NZu03bkcSopNGpufYaI4N9c5p9z8yGnnfrs5pPiWvR7dVOjd8b1gv75e329u27vvN982V3etR83nFp1SZEbT9x5p1Mr0aqw7gRzUWg5aA2BnJKLTHfUghr7nigYnOyTvSWu8YJ8Oc1OZgy0-zOT_-BQj-dmKTq8Nh4q-HNAup78LldluQ_E0TS5SWooV2iiuOJem0s__0ce05Fi_YBE0Ioh6kao-HtXSb2mwuxy2Lj_Z53tVwA_A51RKpvGFcLD7TOw-E7vPxB4zqT0fDj2BiF68MQa1XOM_e-mDpg |
| CODEN | ITVGEA |
| Cites_doi | 10.1145/3437801.3441589 10.1109/SC.2018.00011 10.1109/DSN.2014.2 10.1145/3313831.3376381 10.1109/HPCA.2005.37 10.1109/IPDPS.2019.00096 10.1111/cgf.12935 10.1109/TVCG.2020.2994954 10.1109/DSN.2018.00016 10.1145/3014586 10.1177/1094342014522573 10.1109/TC.1984.1676475 10.1145/3009837.3009846 10.1109/TVCG.2018.2865077 10.1145/3078597.3078617 10.1109/MSPEC.2016.7420396 10.14778/2733004.2733066 10.1007/978-3-319-75178-8_44 10.1201/b17767-16 10.1109/TVCG.2018.2865026 10.1145/1735970.1736063 10.1145/2749246.2749253 10.1145/2189750.2150990 10.1145/2802658.2802665 10.1109/MICRO.2016.7783745 10.1145/2339530.2339576 10.1109/INFVIS.1999.801851 10.1145/2678373.2665685 10.1109/DATE.2009.5090716 10.1109/iolts59296.2023.10224872 10.1109/TVCG.2017.2744878 10.1109/VISUAL.2019.8933618 10.14778/2732951.2732953 10.1109/CCGrid.2015.17 10.1109/ISCA.2014.6853212 10.1109/CCECE.2013.6567840 10.14778/2735479.2735485 10.1109/T-ED.1979.19370 10.1109/DSN.2019.00033 10.1098/rsta.2015.0202 10.1111/cgf.12872 10.1145/3200691.3178502 10.1109/SC41405.2020.00092 10.1145/3318464.3389722 10.1186/1471-2105-13-275 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.1 10.1109/CLUSTER.2017.13 10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500116 10.1198/106186008x318440 10.1016/j.jpdc.2021.02.015 10.1109/DSN48987.2021.00018 10.1177/1094342021990433 10.1109/TVCG.2014.2346458 10.1109/IPDPS.2016.11 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2024 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2024 |
| CorporateAuthor | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States) |
| CorporateAuthor_xml | – name: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States) |
| DBID | 97E RIA RIE AAYXX CITATION NPM 7SC 7SP 8FD JQ2 L7M L~C L~D 7X8 OIOZB OTOTI |
| DOI | 10.1109/TVCG.2022.3230636 |
| DatabaseName | IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) CrossRef PubMed Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Electronics & Communications Abstracts Technology Research Database ProQuest Computer Science Collection Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional MEDLINE - Academic OSTI.GOV - Hybrid OSTI.GOV |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef PubMed Technology Research Database Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic Electronics & Communications Abstracts ProQuest Computer Science Collection Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | PubMed Technology Research Database MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: RIE name: IEEE Xplore url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ sourceTypes: Publisher |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering Computer Science |
| EISSN | 1941-0506 |
| EndPage | 3282 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 2478910 37015425 10_1109_TVCG_2022_3230636 9993758 |
| Genre | orig-research Journal Article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory funderid: 10.13039/100006227 – fundername: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research grantid: DE- SC0014098 – fundername: U.S. Department of Energy grantid: DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-JRNL-843184) funderid: 10.13039/100000015 |
| GroupedDBID | --- -~X .DC 0R~ 29I 4.4 53G 5GY 5VS 6IK 97E AAJGR AARMG AASAJ AAWTH ABAZT ABQJQ ABVLG ACGFO ACIWK AENEX AETIX AGQYO AGSQL AHBIQ AI. AIBXA AKJIK AKQYR ALLEH ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ATWAV BEFXN BFFAM BGNUA BKEBE BPEOZ CS3 DU5 EBS EJD F5P HZ~ H~9 IEDLZ IFIPE IFJZH IPLJI JAVBF LAI M43 O9- OCL P2P PQQKQ RIA RIE RNI RNS RZB TN5 VH1 AAYOK AAYXX CITATION RIG NPM 7SC 7SP 8FD JQ2 L7M L~C L~D 7X8 OIOZB OTOTI RIC |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c371t-3a66e9f9bbc3ef769b6f50605d685d7700349533a74eb02dbb16eda543ecce773 |
| IEDL.DBID | RIE |
| ISSN | 1077-2626 1941-0506 |
| IngestDate | Mon Dec 23 02:37:57 EST 2024 Fri Jul 11 09:07:49 EDT 2025 Mon Jun 30 03:52:45 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 06:08:52 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 02:12:17 EDT 2025 Wed Aug 27 02:06:49 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 7 |
| Language | English |
| License | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c371t-3a66e9f9bbc3ef769b6f50605d685d7700349533a74eb02dbb16eda543ecce773 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 LLNL-JRNL-843184 USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) AC52-07NA27344; SC0014098 USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4107-3831 0000-0001-8266-0923 0000-0003-4324-741X 0000-0002-6455-8391 0000-0002-8877-2042 0000000182660923 0000000264558391 000000034324741X 0000000288772042 0000000341073831 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2478910 |
| PMID | 37015425 |
| PQID | 3073302015 |
| PQPubID | 75741 |
| PageCount | 15 |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_primary_10_1109_TVCG_2022_3230636 proquest_journals_3073302015 pubmed_primary_37015425 osti_scitechconnect_2478910 proquest_miscellaneous_2796161159 ieee_primary_9993758 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2024-07-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2024-07-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 07 year: 2024 text: 2024-07-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: New York |
| PublicationTitle | IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | TVCG |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph |
| PublicationYear | 2024 |
| Publisher | IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Publisher_xml | – name: IEEE – name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| References | ref13 ref57 ref12 ref56 ref15 ref59 ref14 ref58 ref53 ref52 ref11 ref55 ref10 Guo (ref26) ref17 ref16 ref19 ref18 ref51 ref50 Watson (ref33) 2008 ref46 ref45 ref47 ref42 ref41 ref44 ref43 Isaacs (ref29) ref8 ref7 ref9 ref4 ref3 ref6 ref5 ref40 McInnes (ref49) 2018 ref35 ref34 ref37 ref36 ref31 ref30 ref32 ref2 ref1 ref39 ref38 ref24 ref23 ref25 ref20 ref22 ref21 Laguna (ref54) ref28 ref27 Van der Maaten (ref48) 2008; 9 ref60 |
| References_xml | – ident: ref11 doi: 10.1145/3437801.3441589 – ident: ref53 doi: 10.1109/SC.2018.00011 – ident: ref50 doi: 10.1109/DSN.2014.2 – ident: ref34 doi: 10.1145/3313831.3376381 – ident: ref4 doi: 10.1109/HPCA.2005.37 – ident: ref55 doi: 10.1109/IPDPS.2019.00096 – ident: ref57 doi: 10.1111/cgf.12935 – ident: ref16 doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2020.2994954 – ident: ref22 doi: 10.1109/DSN.2018.00016 – ident: ref10 doi: 10.1145/3014586 – ident: ref1 doi: 10.1177/1094342014522573 – ident: ref24 doi: 10.1109/TC.1984.1676475 – start-page: 91 volume-title: Proc. Symp. Parallel Graph. Visualization ident: ref26 article-title: La VALSE: Scalable log visualization for fault characterization in supercomputers – ident: ref60 doi: 10.1145/3009837.3009846 – ident: ref40 doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2018.2865077 – ident: ref51 doi: 10.1145/3078597.3078617 – start-page: 141 volume-title: Proc. Eurograph. Conf. Visualization ident: ref29 article-title: State of the art of performance visualization – ident: ref2 doi: 10.1109/MSPEC.2016.7420396 – year: 2018 ident: ref49 article-title: Umap: Uniform manifold approximation and projection for dimension reduction – ident: ref41 doi: 10.14778/2733004.2733066 – ident: ref18 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-75178-8_44 – ident: ref47 doi: 10.1201/b17767-16 – ident: ref28 doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2018.2865026 – year: 2008 ident: ref33 article-title: Visualizing very large layered graphs with quilts – ident: ref9 doi: 10.1145/1735970.1736063 – ident: ref15 doi: 10.1145/2749246.2749253 – ident: ref8 doi: 10.1145/2189750.2150990 – ident: ref13 doi: 10.1145/2802658.2802665 – ident: ref6 doi: 10.1109/MICRO.2016.7783745 – ident: ref37 doi: 10.1145/2339530.2339576 – ident: ref38 doi: 10.1109/INFVIS.1999.801851 – ident: ref12 doi: 10.1145/2678373.2665685 – ident: ref20 doi: 10.1109/DATE.2009.5090716 – ident: ref5 doi: 10.1109/iolts59296.2023.10224872 – ident: ref27 doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2017.2744878 – ident: ref39 doi: 10.1109/VISUAL.2019.8933618 – ident: ref44 doi: 10.14778/2732951.2732953 – ident: ref25 doi: 10.1109/CCGrid.2015.17 – ident: ref21 doi: 10.1109/ISCA.2014.6853212 – ident: ref42 doi: 10.1109/CCECE.2013.6567840 – ident: ref43 doi: 10.14778/2735479.2735485 – ident: ref17 doi: 10.1109/T-ED.1979.19370 – start-page: 227 volume-title: Proc. IEEE/ACM Int. Symp. Code Gener. Optim. ident: ref54 article-title: IPAS: Intelligent protection against silent output corruption in scientific applications – ident: ref7 doi: 10.1109/DSN.2019.00033 – ident: ref45 doi: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0202 – ident: ref35 doi: 10.1111/cgf.12872 – ident: ref52 doi: 10.1145/3200691.3178502 – ident: ref23 doi: 10.1109/SC41405.2020.00092 – ident: ref36 doi: 10.1145/3318464.3389722 – ident: ref32 doi: 10.1186/1471-2105-13-275 – ident: ref30 doi: 10.1109/INFVIS.2004.1 – ident: ref14 doi: 10.1109/CLUSTER.2017.13 – ident: ref31 doi: 10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500116 – volume: 9 start-page: 2579 issue: 86 year: 2008 ident: ref48 article-title: Visualizing data using T-SNE publication-title: J. Mach. Learn. Res. – ident: ref46 doi: 10.1198/106186008x318440 – ident: ref19 doi: 10.1016/j.jpdc.2021.02.015 – ident: ref56 doi: 10.1109/DSN48987.2021.00018 – ident: ref3 doi: 10.1177/1094342021990433 – ident: ref58 doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2014.2346458 – ident: ref59 doi: 10.1109/IPDPS.2016.11 |
| SSID | ssj0014489 |
| Score | 2.4222944 |
| Snippet | High-performance computing (HPC) systems play a critical role in facilitating scientific discoveries. Their scale and complexity (e.g., the number of... |
| SourceID | osti proquest pubmed crossref ieee |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 3268 |
| SubjectTerms | Complexity computer science Computing time Data visualization Error analysis error propagation Fault tolerance Fault tolerance boundary Fault tolerant systems graph visualization High performance computing information visualization Interactive systems Propagation Reliability analysis Resilience silent data corruption Subject specialists Task analysis Time series analysis Visualization |
| Title | A Visual Comparison of Silent Error Propagation |
| URI | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9993758 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37015425 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3073302015 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2796161159 https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2478910 |
| Volume | 30 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1bS-UwEB7UJ_dhve5uvVHBJ7HntM2teZSDFwRlYVV8C22SLrJwKj3ti7_embaniKzgUwsNJJ0vyXyTmcwAnCRJqYVyDJmbchF3GR00JWUkteTO8TwWgu4O397J6wd-8ySeVuBsvAvjve-Cz_yEXjtfvqtsS0dlU03KVGSrsIqGW39Xa_QYoJmh-_hCFaXI0gcPZhLr6f3j7AotwTSdMCLcjMoWMUXkgQpkv1NHXX0VfFS4uj5nnJ3mudyA2-WY-4CTf5O2KSb29UM6x6_-1CZ8HyhoeN7PmS1Y8fNt-PYuMeEOTM_Dx-dFi61mY53CsCrDP8-kpMKLuq7q8HeNBvffDtldeLi8uJ9dR0NphcgylTQRy6X0utRFYZkvldSFLCnVoHAyE06pLm0NMsFccV_EqSuKRHqXC84Qcq8U-wFr82ruf0HIrdPWWdw4fcy5Z0jZUeWlPOO5T_K0DOB0KWHz0mfQMJ3lEWtDyBhCxgzIBLBDEhobDsIJYJ8wMcgKKLWtpRgg25iUqwzpTgAHS6jMsAIXhvYuhlw4EQEcj59x7ZBDJJ_7ql2YVGmJjBcZXQA_e4jHnpcTZO__I9qHdRw37wN3D2CtqVt_iPSkKY66efkGc9Db5g |
| linkProvider | IEEE |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwzV1Lb9QwEB6VcgAOvMojtECQ4IKU3cTP-MChWlq29CEktlVvbhI7UoW0QdlECH4Lf4X_xkySjSoEx0qcEilWEns-e77xjGcAXidJaaR2HJmbdpFwKW00JWWkjBLOiSyWks4OH5-o-an4eC7PN-DneBbGe98Fn_kJ3Xa-fFcVLW2VTQ0pU5kOIZSH_vs3NNBW7w7eozTfMLa_t5jNo6GGQFRwnTQRz5TypjR5XnBfamVyVVJOPelUKp3WXX4WpDyZFj6PmcvzRHmXScGxb15rju-9ATeRZ0jWnw4bfRRo2Jg-olFHDO2CwWeaxGa6OJt9QNuTsQknis-pUBLXRFeoJPcVBdhVdMFLhfP53xy303X79-DXepT6EJcvk7bJJ8WPPxJI_q_DeB_uDiQ73O1nxQPY8MuHcOdK6sUtmO6GZ5erFlvNxkqMYVWGny9JDYd7dV3V4ae6wvW2w-4jOL2WP34Mm8tq6Z9CKApnClegavCxEJ6jUYJKnYlUZD7JWBnA27VE7dc-R4jtbKvYWEKCJSTYAQkBbJFExoaDMALYJgxY5D2UvLegKKeisUzoFAldADtraNhhjVlZWp05sv1EBvBqfIyrA7l8sqWv2pVl2ijk9MhZA3jSQ2r88hqQz_7-Ry_h1nxxfGSPDk4Ot-E29kH0Yco7sNnUrX-OZKzJX3RzIoSL60bPbzZiOdQ |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Visual+Comparison+of+Silent+Error+Propagation&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+visualization+and+computer+graphics&rft.au=Li%2C+Zhimin&rft.au=Menon%2C+Harshitha&rft.au=Mohror%2C+Kathryn&rft.au=Liu%2C+Shusen&rft.date=2024-07-01&rft.eissn=1941-0506&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3268&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTVCG.2022.3230636&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37015425&rft.externalDocID=37015425 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1077-2626&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1077-2626&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1077-2626&client=summon |