A temporal analysis of antioxidative defense responses in the phloem of Picea abies after attack by Ips typographus
The temporal gradation of antioxidants was investigated on the phloem tissue of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in response to weather conditions and colonization levels of Ips typographus L. (Col., Scolytidae). Two weeks after pheromone dispensers were placed on trees, the initial reaction...
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Published in | Tree physiology Vol. 29; no. 8; pp. 1059 - 1068 |
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Language | English |
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Abstract | The temporal gradation of antioxidants was investigated on the phloem tissue of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in response to weather conditions and colonization levels of Ips typographus L. (Col., Scolytidae). Two weeks after pheromone dispensers were placed on trees, the initial reaction of Norway spruce to bark beetle attack resulted in moderately lowered levels of total glutathione (tGSH) and total cysteine. Likewise, the total ascorbic acid dropped slightly below the control levels, whereas the concentration of dehydroascorbic acid increased in comparison to the first sampling date. This transient degradation and oxidation of the glutathione and ascorbate system was accompanied by moderately increased concentrations of total phenolics. One month later, the shift in antioxidant balance after moderate attack differed quantitatively from the reaction after massive attack. An intensification of antioxidant defense occurred within moderately affected bark. Total cysteine and tGSH contents were markedly raised, whereas the concentrations of total ascorbic acid and total phenolics were slightly increased by moderate attack. On the other hand, massive bark beetle colonization caused a strong decrease in tGSH and total phenolics, whereas total cysteine and total ascorbic acid values remained at control level. Dependent upon the intensity and the success of the attack, a progressive degradation of antioxidants was determined at later sampling dates, which was accompanied by an obvious oxidation of the ascorbate and glutathione pools. With an unsuccessful defense upon massive attack, the thiols and total phenolics did not reach a new steady state, but deteriorated until the end of the brood beetles' development. In contrast, the dynamic antioxidative response within the moderately affected trees indicated an acclimation stage in the middle of July. It was characterized by a higher accumulation of tGSH, total ascorbic acid and total phenolics as well as a more reduced redox state of glutathione. A sequence of changes in the endogenous levels of antioxidant defense molecules in the bark beetle-affected Norway spruce showed consistency with the general ecophysiological stress-response concept, and provided important avenues for evaluating the role and effectiveness of antioxidants in systemic acquired resistance against the complex interactive effects of bark beetle attack and environmental factors. |
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AbstractList | The temporal gradation of antioxidants was investigated on the phloem tissue of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in response to weather conditions and colonization levels of Ips typographus L. (Col., Scolytidae). Two weeks after pheromone dispensers were placed on trees, the initial reaction of Norway spruce to bark beetle attack resulted in moderately lowered levels of total glutathione (tGSH) and total cysteine. Likewise, the total ascorbic acid dropped slightly below the control levels, whereas the concentration of dehydroascorbic acid increased in comparison to the first sampling date. This transient degradation and oxidation of the glutathione and ascorbate system was accompanied by moderately increased concentrations of total phenolics. One month later, the shift in antioxidant balance after moderate attack differed quantitatively from the reaction after massive attack. An intensification of antioxidant defense occurred within moderately affected bark. Total cysteine and tGSH contents were markedly raised, whereas the concentrations of total ascorbic acid and total phenolics were slightly increased by moderate attack. On the other hand, massive bark beetle colonization caused a strong decrease in tGSH and total phenolics, whereas total cysteine and total ascorbic acid values remained at control level. Dependent upon the intensity and the success of the attack, a progressive degradation of antioxidants was determined at later sampling dates, which was accompanied by an obvious oxidation of the ascorbate and glutathione pools. With an unsuccessful defense upon massive attack, the thiols and total phenolics did not reach a new steady state, but deteriorated until the end of the brood beetles' development. In contrast, the dynamic antioxidative response within the moderately affected trees indicated an acclimation stage in the middle of July. It was characterized by a higher accumulation of tGSH, total ascorbic acid and total phenolics as well as a more reduced redox state of glutathione. A sequence of changes in the endogenous levels of antioxidant defense molecules in the bark beetle-affected Norway spruce showed consistency with the general ecophysiological stress-response concept, and provided important avenues for evaluating the role and effectiveness of antioxidants in systemic acquired resistance against the complex interactive effects of bark beetle attack and environmental factors. |
Author | Urbanek Krajnc, Andreja |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Andreja surname: Urbanek Krajnc fullname: Urbanek Krajnc, Andreja email: andreja.urbanek1@uni-mb.si organization: 1Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Pivola 10, SI-2311 Hoče, Slovenia |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ufug_2018_10_012 crossref_primary_10_1002_bies_200900187 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foreco_2010_10_027 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_agrformet_2018_08_004 crossref_primary_10_1515_agricultura_2016_0002 crossref_primary_10_3390_antiox8120645 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10342_013_0772_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejbt_2014_06_002 |
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Snippet | The temporal gradation of antioxidants was investigated on the phloem tissue of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in response to weather conditions and... |
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SubjectTerms | Animals Antioxidants - metabolism Coleoptera - growth & development Coleoptera - physiology Cysteine - metabolism Dehydroascorbic Acid - metabolism Flight, Animal Glutathione - metabolism Humidity Phenols - metabolism Phloem - immunology Phloem - parasitology Picea - immunology Picea - parasitology Predatory Behavior Temperature Time Factors |
Title | A temporal analysis of antioxidative defense responses in the phloem of Picea abies after attack by Ips typographus |
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