Mechanisms and Effects Posed by Neurotoxic Products of Cyanobacteria/Microbial Eukaryotes/Dinoflagellates in Algae Blooms: a Review

Environmental toxins produced by cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates have increasingly become a public health concern due to their ability to damage several tissues in humans. In particular, emerging evidence has called attention to the neurodegenerative effects of the cyanobacterial toxin β- N -methy...

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Published inNeurotoxicity research Vol. 33; no. 1; pp. 153 - 167
Main Authors Mello, Fiona D., Braidy, Nady, Marçal, Helder, Guillemin, Gilles, Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad, Neilan, Brett A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Springer US 2018
Subjects
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cell Biology
Neurobiology
Neurochemistry
Neurology
Neurosciences
Original Article
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Microcystin
Neurotoxicity
BMAA
Cyanobacterial toxins
Neurodegeneration
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Abstract Environmental toxins produced by cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates have increasingly become a public health concern due to their ability to damage several tissues in humans. In particular, emerging evidence has called attention to the neurodegenerative effects of the cyanobacterial toxin β- N -methylamino- l -alanine (BMAA). Furthermore, other toxins such as anatoxin, saxitoxin, microcystin, nodularin and ciguatoxin also have a different range of effects on human tissues, including hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and gastrointestinal irritation. However, the vast majority of known environmental toxins have not yet been examined in the context of neurodegenerative disease. This review aims to investigate whether neurotoxic mechanisms can be demonstrated in all aforementioned toxins, and whether there exists a link to neurodegeneration. Management of toxin exposure and potential neuroprotective compounds is also discussed. Collectively, all aforementioned microbial toxins are likely to exert some form of neuronal damage, with many of their modes of action consistent with neurodegeneration. This is important in advancing our current understanding of the cytotoxic potential of environmental toxins upon human brain function, particularly in the context of age-related neurodegenerative disease.
AbstractList Environmental toxins produced by cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates have increasingly become a public health concern due to their ability to damage several tissues in humans. In particular, emerging evidence has called attention to the neurodegenerative effects of the cyanobacterial toxin β- N -methylamino- l -alanine (BMAA). Furthermore, other toxins such as anatoxin, saxitoxin, microcystin, nodularin and ciguatoxin also have a different range of effects on human tissues, including hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and gastrointestinal irritation. However, the vast majority of known environmental toxins have not yet been examined in the context of neurodegenerative disease. This review aims to investigate whether neurotoxic mechanisms can be demonstrated in all aforementioned toxins, and whether there exists a link to neurodegeneration. Management of toxin exposure and potential neuroprotective compounds is also discussed. Collectively, all aforementioned microbial toxins are likely to exert some form of neuronal damage, with many of their modes of action consistent with neurodegeneration. This is important in advancing our current understanding of the cytotoxic potential of environmental toxins upon human brain function, particularly in the context of age-related neurodegenerative disease.
Environmental toxins produced by cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates have increasingly become a public health concern due to their ability to damage several tissues in humans. In particular, emerging evidence has called attention to the neurodegenerative effects of the cyanobacterial toxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). Furthermore, other toxins such as anatoxin, saxitoxin, microcystin, nodularin and ciguatoxin also have a different range of effects on human tissues, including hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and gastrointestinal irritation. However, the vast majority of known environmental toxins have not yet been examined in the context of neurodegenerative disease. This review aims to investigate whether neurotoxic mechanisms can be demonstrated in all aforementioned toxins, and whether there exists a link to neurodegeneration. Management of toxin exposure and potential neuroprotective compounds is also discussed. Collectively, all aforementioned microbial toxins are likely to exert some form of neuronal damage, with many of their modes of action consistent with neurodegeneration. This is important in advancing our current understanding of the cytotoxic potential of environmental toxins upon human brain function, particularly in the context of age-related neurodegenerative disease.
Author Mello, Fiona D.
Marçal, Helder
Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad
Neilan, Brett A.
Guillemin, Gilles
Braidy, Nady
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  givenname: Fiona D.
  surname: Mello
  fullname: Mello, Fiona D.
  organization: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales
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  givenname: Nady
  surname: Braidy
  fullname: Braidy, Nady
  organization: Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Helder
  surname: Marçal
  fullname: Marçal, Helder
  organization: Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Gilles
  surname: Guillemin
  fullname: Guillemin, Gilles
  organization: Neuropharmacology group, MND and Neurodegenerative diseases Research Centre, Macquarie University
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  givenname: Seyed Mohammad
  surname: Nabavi
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  givenname: Brett A.
  surname: Neilan
  fullname: Neilan, Brett A.
  email: brett.neilan@newcastle.edu.au
  organization: School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28836116$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Neurodegeneration
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Snippet Environmental toxins produced by cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates have increasingly become a public health concern due to their ability to damage several...
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SubjectTerms Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cell Biology
Neurobiology
Neurochemistry
Neurology
Neurosciences
Original Article
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Title Mechanisms and Effects Posed by Neurotoxic Products of Cyanobacteria/Microbial Eukaryotes/Dinoflagellates in Algae Blooms: a Review
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12640-017-9780-3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28836116
Volume 33
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